Imfihlo yokuguga kwebhethri

Ibanga lebhethri belilokhu likhathaza abacwaningi, ngoba noma ngabe ibhethri likhulu kangakanani, akuwenzi umqondo ukungalishajeli izikhathi eziningi. Sonke siyazi ukuthi amabhethri e-lithium azonciphisa umthamo ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, kodwa akekho owazi isizathu. Muva nje, uMnyango Wezamandla wase-US uthole imbangela yokuguga kwebhethri: amakristalu e-nano-scale.

Abacwaningi baye bahlola ngokucophelela izinto ze-cathode nezinto ze-cathode zamabhethri esimanje, futhi bathola ukuthi lezi zinto zizogqwala ngokuqondile ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, kodwa indlela yokugqwala ayikacaci. Ithimba le-Brookhaven National Laboratory lifunde ama-cathodes e-nickel-oxygen ekhwalithi ephezulu ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu se-electron yokudlulisela futhi labhala izinguquko zawo phakathi nokushajwa okuphindaphindiwe nokukhipha.

Uma usebenzisa kakhulu, kulapho usebenzisa kancane

Ukuhlola kubonise ukuthi lapho ama-ion e-lithium edlula kuma-electrode aqondile noma angalungile, azobhajwa esiteshini se-ion futhi asabele nge-nickel oxide ukuze akhe amakristalu amancane. Lawa makristalu azoshintsha ukwakheka kwangaphakathi kwebhethri ukuze amanye ama-ion angakwazi ukusabela kahle, ngaleyo ndlela anciphise umthamo osebenzisekayo webhethri. Ngokumangalisayo, lobu buthakathaka abukho nje, abuvamile.

Isizathu sokuthi kungani amabhethri e-lithium engaphelele ukuthi izingxenye zawo aziphelele. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sinaka kanjani ukwakheka kwe-anode ne-cathode, kuzoba nomonakalo omncane we-crystal. Njengamanzi abilayo, indawo engalingani yenza amanzi ashisayo abe maningi amagwebu. Kukholakala ukuthi uma kunegebe kudatha yebhethri, ama-nanocrystals azovela.

Uma usebenzisa kakhulu, kulapho usebenzisa kancane

Umcibisholo wesokunxele: isiteshi se-lithium ion; kwesokudla ungqimba lokulahlekelwa kwe-athomu

I-US Energy Agency iphinde yethula ucwaningo lwesibili ngomthelela wejubane lokushaja kumthamo webhethri. Bathole ukuthi amabhethri esimanje aya ngokuya eba mancane futhi abe mancane, okubuye kunciphise impilo yawo. Uma ibhethri lilikhulu futhi lishajwa ngokushesha, izinga lokwakheka kwe-nanocrystal lihamba kancane.

Ngakho-ke, singakumisa kanjani ukubonakala kwama-nanocrystals? Okungenani yehlisa ijubane. Kukhona isixazululo setiyetha. Abacwaningi bathola ukuthi ngokusebenzisa ukufakwa kwe-athomu, bangagcwalisa izikhala kudatha yebhethri, okungase okungenani kubambezele ukuthuthukiswa kwama-nanocrystals. Lokhu kunciphisa ubuhlungu, kodwa okungenani kuvumela ibhethri ukuthi inciphe ngaphandle kokudela umthamo. Kunjalo, abacwaningi bafunda izindlela zokuphula amakristalu nokuvuselela amabhethri amadala.

Lolu cwaningo lungase lubaluleke kakhulu kunomthamo webhethri elisha. Ku-hardware, impilo yomkhiqizo incike enanini lokushaja nokukhipha. Manje, ngenxa yokuthi isistimu yamandla esetshenziswa i-hardware eminingi ayikwazi ukuvalwa, lolu cwaningo lungasisiza ukuba siyeke ukuba yizigqila zamandla.
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