Ngokweengxelo zeendaba zangaphandle, iqela labaphandi kwi-Brookhaven National Laboratory (i-Brookhaven National Laboratory) yeSebe lezaMandla lase-US (DOE) lizimisele iinkcukacha ezintsha malunga nendlela yokusabela yangaphakathi yeebhetri ze-lithium metal anode. , Inyathelo elibalulekileyo kwiibhetri zemoto zombane ezingabizi kakhulu.

Abaphandi bebhetri kwiLebhu yeSizwe yaseBrookhaven (Umthombo womfanekiso: Brookhaven National Laboratory)

Ukwenziwa ngokutsha kweLithium Anode

Ukusuka kwiifowuni ezihlakaniphile ukuya kwizithuthi zombane, sinokubona isithethe. Nangona iibhetri ze-lithium zenze ukuba ubuchwepheshe obuninzi busetyenziswe ngokubanzi, basajongene nemingeni ekuboneleleni amandla omgama omde wezithuthi zombane.

I-Battery500, umfelandawonye okhokelwa ngabaphandi baseyunivesithi abaxhaswa ngemali liSebe laseMelika lePasifiki yasePacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) kunye neSebe lezaMandla lase-US, lijolise ekudaleni iseli yebhetri ene-energy density ye-500Wh/kg. Ngamanye amazwi, kukuphinda kabini ukuxinana kwamandla kwezona bhetri ziphambili zanamhlanje. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, umanyano lujolise kwiibhetri ezenziwe nge-lithium metal anodes.

Iibhetri zesinyithi zeLithium zisebenzisa isinyithi se-lithium njenge-anode. Ngokwahlukileyo, uninzi lweebhetri ze-lithium zisebenzisa igraphite njenge-anode. “I-lithium anode yenye yezinto eziphambili ekufikeleleni injongo ye-Battery500 ye-energy density,” abaphandi bathi. “Inzuzo yeyokuba ubuninzi bamandla buphindaphindeka kabini kuneebhetri ezikhoyo. Okokuqala, umthamo othile we-anode uphezulu kakhulu; okwesibini, unokuba nebhetri yombane ophezulu, kwaye ukudityaniswa kwezi zimbini kunokuba noxinzelelo oluphezulu lwamandla.

Iingcali zenzululwazi ziye zaqaphela ixesha elide izibonelelo ze-lithium anodes; enyanisweni, i-lithium metal anode yi-anode yokuqala edityaniswe ne-cathode yebhetri. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokungabikho “kokuguqulwa” kwe-anode, oko kukuthi, ukukwazi ukuhlawulisa nge-reversible electrochemical reaction, abaphandi bebhetri baphelile ukusebenzisa i-graphite anode endaweni ye-lithium metal anodes ukwenza iibhetri ze-lithium.

Ngoku, emva kwamashumi eminyaka yenkqubela phambili, abaphandi baqinisekile ukuba baqonde i-lithium metal anode eguqukayo ukutyhala imida yeebhetri ze-lithium. Isitshixo lujongano, umaleko wezinto eziluqilima owenzeka kwii-electrode zebhetri ngexesha lokusabela kwe-electrochemical.

“Ukuba sinokuyiqonda ngokupheleleyo le interface, inokubonelela ngesikhokelo esibalulekileyo soyilo lwezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokuveliswa kwe-lithium anode eguqulwayo,” abaphandi bathi. “Kodwa ukuqonda olu jongano lucelomngeni kuba lucwecwe oluncinci kakhulu lwemathiriyeli, lune-nanometers ezimbalwa kuphela, kwaye lunobuntununtunu kumoya kunye nokufuma, ngoko ke ukuphatha iisampulu kuyakhohlisa.”

Olu jongano lubonwa kwi-NSLS-II

Ukuze ucombulule le mingeni kwaye “ubone” ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali kunye nesakhiwo se-interface, abaphandi basebenzisa i-National Synchrotron Radiation Light Source II (NSLS-II), isibonelelo somsebenzisi we-DOE Science Office ye-Brookhaven National Laboratory, evelisa ii-X-reyi eziqaqambileyo kakhulu ukufunda iipropati eziphathekayo zojongano kwisikali se-atom.

Ukongeza ekusebenziseni ubuchule obuphezulu be-nSLS-II, iqela lifuna kwakhona ukusebenzisa umgca we-beam (isikhululo sovavanyo) esinokubona zonke iinqununu ze-interface, kunye nokusebenzisa i-X-rays yamandla aphezulu (i-short-wavelength) ukuze ibone i-crystalline. kunye nezigaba ze-amorphous.

“Iqela lekhemistri lamkele indlela ye-XPD ye-multi-mode, isebenzisa iindlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ezinikezelwa yi-beamline, i-X-ray diffraction (XRD) kunye nohlalutyo lomsebenzi wokusabalalisa (PDF),” abaphandi bathi. “I-XRD inokufunda izigaba zekristale, kwaye iPDF inokufunda izigaba ze-amorphous.”

Uhlalutyo lwe-XRD kunye nePDF lubonakalise iziphumo ezinomdla: I-Lithium hydride (LiH) ikhona kujongano. Kangangamashumi eminyaka, izazinzulu beziphikisana malunga nobukho be-LiH kumdibaniso, kudala ukungaqiniseki malunga nendlela yokusabela esisiseko eyenza ujongano.

“I-LiH kunye ne-lithium fluoride (LiF) zinezakhiwo zekristale ezifanayo kakhulu. Ibango lethu malunga nokufunyanwa kwe-LiH liye labuzwa ngabantu abathile abakholelwa ukuba senza i-LiF ngempazamo ye-LiH,” utshilo umphandi.

Ngenxa yokuphikisana okubandakanyekayo kwisifundo kunye nemingeni yezobuchwepheshe yokuhlukanisa i-LiH kwi-LiF, iqela lophando lagqiba ukubonelela ngeengcezu ezininzi zobungqina bokuba khona kwe-LiH, kubandakanywa nokuqhuba iimvavanyo zokubonisa umoya.

“Abaphandi bathi: “I-LiF izinzile emoyeni, kodwa i-LiH ayizinzile. Ukuba sibeka ujongano kumoya ofumileyo, kwaye ukuba isixa sekhompawundi siyehla ngokuhamba kwexesha, sinokuqinisekisa ukuba ngenene sibona i-LiH, hayi i-LiF, kwaye yi-LiF. Ngenxa yobunzima bokwahlula i-LiH kwi-LiF kunye novavanyo lokuvezwa komoya aluzange lwenziwe ngaphambili, i-LiH inokwenzeka ukuba iphosakele nge-LiF kwiingxelo ezininzi zoncwadi, okanye ayijongwa ngenxa yokubola kwe-LiH kwindawo efumileyo. ”

Uqhubekile umphandi. “Umsebenzi ongumzekelo wokulungiselela owenziwa yi-PNNL ubalulekile kolu phando. Sikrokrela ukuba abantu abaninzi bayasilela ukuchonga i-LiH ngenxa yokuba iisampulu zabo zavezwa kwindawo efumileyo ngaphambi kovavanyo. ” Ukuba awuzange uqokelele iisampulu ngokuchanekileyo, tywina iisampuli kunye neesampuli zokuThumela, unokuphosa i-LiH. ”

Ukongeza ekuqinisekiseni ubukho be-LiH, iqela liphinde lasombulula enye imfihlakalo ekudala ikho ejikeleze i-LiF. I-LiF kudala ithathwa njengenxalenye yenzuzo ye-interface, kodwa akukho mntu usiqonda ngokupheleleyo isizathu. Iqela lizimisele ukuhlukana kwesakhiwo se-LiF ngaphakathi kwe-interface kunye neninzi yolwahlulo lwesakhiwo se-LiF ngokwayo, kwaye yafumanisa ukuba yangaphambili ikhuthaze ukuthuthwa kwe-lithium ions phakathi kwe-anode kunye ne-cathode.

Izazinzulu zebhetri ezivela kwiLebhu yeSizwe yaseBrookhaven, ezinye iilebhu zelizwe, kunye neeyunivesithi ziyaqhubeka nokusebenzisana. Abaphandi bathi ezi ziphumo ziya kunika isikhokelo esifunekayo kakhulu sokuphuhliswa kwe-lithium metal anode.