Ngokwemibiko yabezindaba yakwamanye amazwe, iqembu labacwaningi e-Brookhaven National Laboratory (Brookhaven National Laboratory) yoMnyango Wezamandla wase-US (DOE) linqume imininingwane emisha mayelana nendlela yokusabela yangaphakathi yamabhethri e-lithium metal anode. , Isinyathelo esibalulekile samabhethri emoto kagesi ashibhile.

Abacwaningi bebhethri e-Brookhaven National Laboratory (Umthombo wesithombe: Brookhaven National Laboratory)

Ukwenziwa kabusha kwe-Lithium Anode

Kusukela kumafoni ahlakaniphile kuya ezimotweni zikagesi, singabona isiko. Nakuba amabhethri e-lithium enze ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obuningi busetshenziswe kabanzi, basabhekene nezinselele ekunikezeni amandla amabanga amade ezimotweni zikagesi.

I-Battery500, umfelandawonye oholwa abacwaningi basenyuvesi exhaswe uMnyango Wezamandla wase-US i-Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) kanye noMnyango Wezamandla wase-US, ihlose ukudala iseli yebhethri enamandla amakhulu angu-500Wh/kg. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuminyana kwamandla okuphindwe kabili amabhethri athuthuke kakhulu anamuhla. Kuze kube manje, umfelandawonye ugxile kumabhethri enziwe nge-lithium metal anode.

Amabhethri ensimbi ye-lithium asebenzisa insimbi ye-lithium njenge-anode. Ngokuphambene, amabhethri amaningi e-lithium asebenzisa i-graphite njenge-anode. “I-lithium anode ingenye yezinto ezibalulekile ekufinyeleleni umgomo we-Battery500 energy density,” kusho abacwaningi. “Okuhle wukuthi amandla kagesi aphindwe kabili kunamabhethri akhona. Okokuqala, umthamo othize we-anode uphakeme kakhulu; okwesibili, ungaba nebhethri elinamandla kagesi aphezulu, futhi inhlanganisela yakho kokubili ingaba namandla aphezulu kakhulu.”

Sekuyisikhathi eside ososayensi beqaphela izinzuzo ze-lithium anode; empeleni, i-lithium metal anode iyi-anode yokuqala ehlanganiswe ne-cathode yebhethri. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuntuleka “kokubuyisela emuva” kwe-anode, okungukuthi, ikhono lokushaja ngokusebenzisa ukusabela kwe-electrochemical reversible, abacwaningi bebhethri bagcina besebenzisa ama-graphite anode esikhundleni se-lithium metal anode ukwenza amabhethri e-lithium.

Manje, ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka enqubekelaphambili, abacwaningi baqiniseka ngokuthola i-anode yensimbi ye-lithium ehlehliswayo ukuze icindezele imingcele yamabhethri e-lithium. Ukhiye ukusebenzelana, isendlalelo sezinto eziqinile esakheka kuma-electrode ebhethri ngesikhathi sokusabela kwe-electrochemical.

“Uma singasiqonda ngokugcwele lesi sikhombimsebenzisi, singanikeza isiqondiso esibalulekile sokuklama kwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-lithium anode ehlehliswayo,” kusho abacwaningi. “Kodwa ukuqonda lesi sixhumanisi kuyinselele impela ngoba ungqimba oluncane lwempahla, luwugqinsi lwama-nanometer ambalwa, futhi luyazwela emoyeni nakumswakama, ngakho ukuphatha amasampula kunzima.”

Lesi sixhumanisi siboniswa ku-NSLS-II

Ukuze kuxazululwe lezi zinselele futhi “ubone” ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye nesakhiwo se-interface, abacwaningi basebenzisa i-National Synchrotron Radiation Light Source II (NSLS-II), indawo yomsebenzisi we-DOE Science Office ye-Brookhaven National Laboratory, ekhiqiza ama-X-ray agqamile kakhulu ukuze atadishe izakhiwo ezibonakalayo zesixhumi esibonakalayo esikalini se-athomu.

Ngaphezu kokusebenzisa amakhono athuthukisiwe we-nSLS-II, ithimba lidinga futhi ukusebenzisa ulayini wensimbi (isiteshi sokuhlola) esikwazi ukubona zonke izingxenye zesixhumi esibonakalayo, futhi lisebenzise ama-X-ray angamandla aphezulu (ubude obufushane) ukuze libone i-crystalline. kanye nezigaba ze-amorphous.

“Ithimba lamakhemikhali lamukele indlela ye-XPD yemodi eminingi, lisebenzisa amasu amabili ahlukene ahlinzekwa yi-beamline, i-X-ray diffraction (XRD) kanye nokuhlaziywa komsebenzi wokusabalalisa (PDF),” kusho abacwaningi. “I-XRD ingafunda izigaba ze-crystalline, futhi i-PDF ingafunda izigaba ze-amorphous.”

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-XRD ne-PDF kwembule imiphumela ethokozisayo: I-Lithium hydride (LiH) ikhona kusixhumi esibonakalayo. Sekungamashumi eminyaka ososayensi bephikisana ngokuba khona kwe-LiH kusixhumi esibonakalayo, okudala ukungaqiniseki mayelana nendlela yokusabela eyisisekelo eyakha isixhumi esibonakalayo.

“I-LiH ne-lithium fluoride (LiF) inezinhlaka zekristalu ezifanayo kakhulu. Isimangalo sethu mayelana nokutholwa kwe-LiH sike sabuzwa abantu abathile abakholelwa ukuthi senza iphutha i-LiF njenge-LiH,” kusho umcwaningi.

Ngenxa yempikiswano ehilelekile ocwaningweni kanye nezinselele zobuchwepheshe zokuhlukanisa i-LiH ne-LiF, ithimba labacwaningi linqume ukunikeza izingcezu eziningi zobufakazi bokuba khona kwe-LiH, okuhlanganisa ukwenza izivivinyo zokuchayeka emoyeni.

“Abacwaningi bathi: “I-LiF izinzile emoyeni, kodwa i-LiH ayizinzile. Uma sidalula isixhumi esibonakalayo emoyeni onomswakama, futhi uma inani lenhlanganisela lehla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, singaqinisekisa ukuthi siyibona ngempela i-LiH, hhayi i-LiF, futhi iyi-LiF. Ngenxa yobunzima bokuhlukanisa i-LiH ku-LiF kanye nokuhlolwa kokuchayeka emoyeni akukaze kwenziwe ngaphambilini, i-LiH cishe kungenzeka yenza iphutha nge-LiF emibikweni eminingi yezincwadi, noma ayibonwa ngenxa yokubola kwe-LiH endaweni enomswakama. ”

Waqhubeka umcwaningi. “Isampula yomsebenzi wokulungiselela owenziwa yi-PNNL ibalulekile kulolu cwaningo. Sisola ukuthi abantu abaningi bayehluleka ukukhomba i-LiH ngenxa yokuthi amasampula abo atholwe endaweni enomswakama ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.” Uma ungawaqoqanga kahle amasampula, vala amasampula kanye namasampula Wokuthumela, ungase uphuthelwe yi-LiH. ”

Ngaphezu kokuqinisekisa ubukhona be-LiH, ithimba liphinde laxazulula enye imfihlakalo esinesikhathi eside ezungeze i-LiF. I-LiF sekuyisikhathi eside ibhekwa njengengxenye enenzuzo yesixhumi esibonakalayo, kodwa akekho osiqonda ngokugcwele isizathu. Ithimba linqume umehluko wesakhiwo se-LiF ngaphakathi kwesixhumi esibonakalayo kanye nomehluko omningi wesakhiwo se-LiF ngokwayo, futhi lathola ukuthi eyokuqala yayikhuthaza ukuthuthwa kwama-ion e-lithium phakathi kwe-anode ne-cathode.

Ososayensi bebhethri abavela e-Brookhaven National Laboratory, amanye amalabhorethri kazwelonke, namanyuvesi bayaqhubeka nokubambisana. Abacwaningi bathi le miphumela izonikeza isiqondiso esiwusizo esidingeka kakhulu sokuthuthukiswa kwe-lithium metal anode.