Yayin da adadin caji da zagayowar fitarwa ke ƙaruwa, ƙarfin baturi zai ci gaba da lalacewa. Lokacin da ƙarfin ya lalace zuwa 75% zuwa 80% na ƙarfin ƙididdigewa, ana ɗaukar baturin lithium-ion a cikin yanayin gazawa. Yawan fitarwa, hauhawar zafin baturi, da zafin jiki na yanayi suna da babban tasiri akan ƙarfin fitarwa na batura lithium-ion.

Wannan takarda ta ɗauki ma’auni na caji da fitarwa na wutar lantarki akai-akai da caji na yau da kullum da kuma ci gaba da cajin baturi. Yawan fitarwa, tashin batir da zafin jiki na yanayi ana yin amfani da su a jere a matsayin masu canji da gwaje-gwaje na cyclic da yawa, kuma ana nazarin ƙimar fitarwa da zafin baturi a ƙarƙashin kayan cathode daban-daban. Tasirin zafin jiki, yanayin yanayi da lokutan zagayowar akan iyawar fitar da batura lithium-ion.

1. Tsarin gwaji na asali na baturi

Abubuwa masu kyau da marasa kyau sun bambanta, kuma rayuwar sake zagayowar ta bambanta sosai, wanda ke rinjayar halayen ƙarfin baturi. Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) da nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary kayan (NMC) ana amfani da su sosai azaman kayan cathode don batirin lithium-ion na biyu tare da fa’idodi na musamman. Ana iya gani daga Tebu 1 cewa ƙarfin ƙididdigewa, ƙarfin lantarki na ƙididdigewa, da adadin fitarwa na baturin NMC ya fi na baturin LFP.

Caji da fitar da batirin LFP da NMC na lithium-ion bisa ga takamaiman cajin wutar lantarki akai-akai da na yau da kullun da ka’idojin fitarwa na yau da kullun, da yin rikodin caji da fitar da wutar lantarki, ƙimar fitarwa, hauhawar zafin baturi, zafin gwaji, da canjin ƙarfin baturi. a lokacin caji da fitarwa Yanayin.

2. Tasirin ƙimar fitarwa akan iyawar fitarwa Gyara yanayin zafi da caji da ƙa’idodin fitarwa, da kuma fitar da baturin LFP da baturin NMC a koyaushe bisa ga ƙimar fitarwa daban-daban.

Daidaita zafin jiki bi da bi: 35, 25, 10, 5, -5, -15°C. Ana iya gani daga Hoto na 1 cewa a daidai wannan zafin jiki, ta hanyar ƙara yawan fitarwa, ƙarfin fitarwa na baturin LFP yana nuna raguwar yanayin. Ƙarƙashin ƙimar fitarwa iri ɗaya, canje-canje a ƙananan zafin jiki suna da babban tasiri akan ƙarfin fitarwa na batura LFP.

Lokacin da zafin jiki ya faɗi ƙasa 0 ℃, ƙarfin fitarwa ya lalace sosai kuma ƙarfin ba zai iya jurewa ba. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa batir LFP yana ƙara haɓaka ƙarfin fitarwa a ƙarƙashin tasirin dual na ƙananan zafin jiki da babban adadin fitarwa. Idan aka kwatanta da baturan LFP, batir NMC sun fi kula da zafin jiki, kuma ƙarfin fitar su yana canzawa sosai tare da yanayin zafi da ƙimar fitarwa.

Ana iya gani daga Hoto na 2 cewa a yanayin zafi guda ɗaya, ƙarfin fitarwa na batirin NMC yana nuna yanayin ruɓewar farko sannan ya tashi. Ƙarƙashin ƙimar fitarwa ɗaya, ƙananan zafin jiki, ƙananan ƙarfin fitarwa.

Tare da karuwar adadin fitarwa, ƙarfin fitarwa na batura lithium-ion yana ci gaba da raguwa. Dalili kuwa shi ne, saboda tsananin polarization, wutar lantarkin fitarwa ta ragu zuwa ga fitar da wutar da aka yanke a gaba, wato an rage lokacin fitarwa, fitarwar ba ta isa ba, kuma rashin wutar lantarki Li+ ba ta fadowa. Cike gaba daya. Lokacin da adadin fitarwar baturi ya kasance tsakanin 1.5 da 3.0, ƙarfin fitarwa zai fara nuna alamun farfadowa zuwa digiri daban-daban. Yayin da abin ya ci gaba, zafin batirin da kansa zai ƙaru sosai tare da haɓaka ƙimar fitarwa, ƙarfin motsi na thermal na Li + yana ƙaruwa, kuma saurin watsawa yana haɓaka, ta yadda saurin de-embeding na Li + yana haɓaka kuma yana ƙaruwa. karfin fitarwa ya tashi. Ana iya ƙarasa da cewa tasirin dual na babban adadin fitarwa da yanayin zafin baturin da kansa yana haifar da abin da ba a taɓa gani ba na baturin.

3. Tasirin tashin zafin baturi akan ƙarfin fitarwa. Batir NMC ana bi da su zuwa 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5C gwaje-gwajen fitarwa a 30 ℃, kuma yanayin dangantaka tsakanin ƙarfin fitarwa da haɓakar zafin baturi na lithium-ion ana nuna su a cikin Hoto 3. An nuna.

Ana iya gani daga Hoto na 3 cewa a ƙarƙashin ƙarfin fitarwa ɗaya, mafi girman adadin fitarwa, mafi mahimmancin canjin zafin jiki yana canzawa. Yin la’akari da lokuta uku na tsarin fitarwa na yau da kullun a ƙarƙashin ƙimar fitarwa ɗaya yana nuna cewa hawan zafin jiki ya fi girma a matakin farko da ƙarshen fitarwa.

Na hudu, tasirin zafin yanayi akan iyawar fitarwa Mafi kyawun zafin aiki na batirin lithium-ion shine 25-40 ℃. Daga kwatancen Table 2 da Table 3, ana iya ganin cewa lokacin da zafin jiki ya yi ƙasa da 5 ° C, nau’ikan batura biyu suna fitarwa da sauri kuma ƙarfin fitarwa yana raguwa sosai.

Bayan gwajin ƙarancin zafin jiki, an dawo da babban zafin jiki. A daidai wannan zafin jiki, ƙarfin fitarwa na baturin LFP ya ragu da 137.1mAh, kuma batirin NMC ya ragu da 47.8mAh, amma hawan zafin jiki da lokacin fitarwa bai canza ba. Ana iya ganin cewa LFP yana da kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali na thermal kuma kawai yana nuna rashin haƙuri mara kyau a ƙananan yanayin zafi, kuma ƙarfin baturi yana da raguwar da ba za a iya jurewa ba; yayin da batirin NMC ke kula da canjin yanayin zafi.

Na biyar, tasirin adadin zagayowar akan iyawar fitarwa Hoto na 4 shine zane-zane na ma’aunin iya aiki na lalatawar baturi na lithium-ion, kuma ana yin rikodin iyawar fitarwa a 0.8Q azaman wurin gazawar baturi. Yayin da adadin caji da zagayowar fitarwa ke ƙaruwa, ƙarfin fitarwa ya fara nuna raguwa.

An yi cajin batirin LFP mai nauyin 1600mAh kuma an fitar dashi a 0.5C kuma an fitar dashi a 0.5C don gwajin sake zagayowar caji. An yi jimlar zagayawa 600, kuma kashi 80% na ƙarfin baturi an yi amfani da shi azaman ma’aunin gazawar baturi. Yi amfani da 100 azaman lokutan tazara don nazarin yawan kuskuren dangi na iyawar fitarwa da rage iya aiki, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 5.

An caje batirin NMC mai nauyin 2000mAh a 1.0C kuma an fitar dashi a 1.0C don gwajin sake zagayowar caji, kuma kashi 80% na ƙarfin baturi an ɗauke shi azaman ƙarfin baturi a ƙarshen rayuwarsa. Ɗauki sau 700 na farko kuma bincika ƙarfin fitarwa da adadin kuskuren dangi na ƙarancin ƙarfin aiki tare da 100 a matsayin tazara, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 6.

Ƙarfin baturi na LFP da baturin NMC lokacin da adadin kewayon ya kasance 0 shine ƙarfin da aka ƙididdige shi, amma yawanci ainihin ƙarfin yana da ƙasa da ƙarfin ƙididdiga, don haka bayan hawan 100 na farko, ƙarfin fitarwa ya lalace sosai. Batirin LFP yana da tsawon rayuwar zagayowar, rayuwar ka’idar ita ce sau 1,000; rayuwar ka’idar baturin NMC shine sau 300. Bayan adadin adadin zagayowar, ƙarfin baturin NMC yana raguwa da sauri; lokacin da adadin zagayowar ya kasance 600, ƙarfin baturi na NMC yana ruɓe kusa da iyakar gazawar.

6. Kammalawa

Ta hanyar yin caji da gwaje-gwajen caji akan baturan lithium-ion, ana amfani da sigogi biyar na kayan cathode, ƙimar fitarwa, hawan baturi, zafin yanayi da lambar sake zagayowar azaman masu canji, kuma ana nazarin alaƙar da ke tsakanin halayen da ke da alaƙa da iya aiki da abubuwan tasiri daban-daban, kuma ana samun waɗannan a ƙarshe:

(1) A cikin kewayon zafin batirin da aka ƙididdige, babban zafin da ya dace yana haɓaka rarrabuwa da sanya Li+. Musamman ga iyawar fitarwa, mafi girman adadin fitarwa, mafi girman ƙimar samar da zafi, kuma mafi ƙaranci yanayin halayen lantarki a cikin baturin lithium-ion.

(2) Batirin LFP yana nuna kyakkyawar daidaitawa zuwa babban zafin jiki da yawan fitarwa yayin caji da fitarwa; yana da rashin haƙuri ga ƙananan zafin jiki, ƙarfin fitarwa ya lalace sosai, kuma ba za a iya dawo da shi ba bayan dumama.

(3) Ƙarƙashin adadin adadin caji da zagayowar fitarwa, baturin LFP yana da tsawon rayuwar zagayowar, kuma ƙarfin baturi na NMC yana raguwa zuwa 80% na ƙarfin ƙima da sauri. (4) Idan aka kwatanta da baturin LFP, ƙarfin fitarwa na baturin NMC ya fi dacewa da zafin jiki, kuma a babban adadin fitarwa, ƙarfin fitarwa ba monotonic ba ne kuma yanayin zafi yana canzawa sosai.