Sezvo huwandu hwekuchaja uye kuburitsa kutenderera kunowedzera, huwandu hwebhatiri hucharamba huchiora. Kana iyo simba inoora kusvika 75% kusvika 80% yehuwandu hwakayerwa, iyo lithium-ion bhatiri inoonekwa kunge iri mukutadza mamiriro. Chiyero chekuburitsa, tembiricha yebhatiri, uye tembiricha yakadzika zvine simba rakakura pakuburitsa simba remabhatiri e-lithium-ion.

Iri bepa rinotora nzira yekuchaja uye yekuburitsa yenguva dzose voltage uye inogara ichichaja ikozvino uye inogara ichiburitsa bhatiri. Chiyero chekubuda, kukwira kwekushisa kwebhatiri, uye tembiricha yakadzika inoshandiswa zvakatevedzana sekuchinjana uye cyclic kuyedza kunoitwa huwandu, uye chiyero chekuburitsa uye tembiricha yekubuda kwebhatiri inoongororwa pasi pezvinhu zvakasiyana zvecathode. Iko kupesvedzera tembiricha, ambient tembiricha uye kutenderera nguva pane yekuburitsa kugona kwe lithium-ion mabhatiri.

1. Chirongwa chekutanga chekuedza chebhatiri

Izvo zvakanaka uye zvisina kunaka zvinhu zvakasiyana, uye hupenyu hwekutenderera hunosiyana zvakanyanya, izvo zvinokanganisa kugona kwebhatiri. Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) uye nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary materials (NMC) inoshandiswa zvakanyanya se cathode zvinhu zve lithium-ion sekondari mabhatiri ane mabhenefiti awo akasiyana. Zvinogona kuonekwa kubva Tafura 1 kuti chiyero chakayerwa, zita remagetsi, uye chiyero chekubuda kwebhatiri reNMC yakakwirira kupfuura yebhatiri reLFP.

Chaja uye buritsa LFP neNMC lithium-ion mabhatiri zvinoenderana nemamwe anogara aripo uye anogara achichaja magetsi uye anogara aripo anoburitsa mitemo, uye rekodha kubhadharisa uye kuburitsa kucheka-kubvisa voltage, chiyero chekuburitsa, kukwira kwebhatiri, tembiricha yekuyedza, uye shanduko yesimba rebhatiri. panguva yekuchaja uye yekuburitsa process Condition.

2. Pesvedzero yehuwandu hwekuyerera pamagetsi ekuburitsa Gadzirisa tembiricha uye kuchaja uye kuburitsa mitemo, uye buritsa bhatiri reLFP uye bhatiri reNMC panguva isingaperi maererano nemitengo yakasiyana yekubuda.

Rongedza tembiricha zvichiteerana: 35, 25, 10, 5, -5, -15°C. Zvinogona kuonekwa kubva kuMufananidzo 1 kuti panguva imwe chete yekushisa, nekuwedzera chiyero chekubuda, huwandu hwekubuda kwebhatiri reLFP hunoratidza maitiro ekuderera. Pasi peyero imwechete yekuburitsa, shanduko mukupisa kwakadzika kune simba rakakura pakuburitsa simba remabhatiri eLFP.

Kana tembiricha yadzikira pasi pe0 ℃, simba rekuburitsa rinoora zvakanyanya uye huwandu hahudzoke. Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti mabhatiri eLFP anowedzera kudzikisira kwekubuda kwesimba pasi pesimba rembiri yekudziya kwakadzika uye chiyero chikuru chekubuda. Kuenzaniswa nemabhatiri eLFP, mabhatiri eNMC anonyanya kunzwa tembiricha, uye simba ravo rekuburitsa rinoshanduka zvakanyanya neambient tembiricha uye chiyero chekubuda.

Zvinogona kuonekwa kubva kuMufananidzo 2 kuti panguva imwe chete tembiricha, huwandu hwekubuda kwebhatiri reNMC hunoratidza maitiro ekutanga kuora uye wozosimuka. Pasi peyero imwechete yekuyerera, iyo yakaderera tembiricha, inodzika iyo inoburitsa simba.

Nekuwedzera kweyero yekuburitsa, iyo yekuburitsa simba re lithium-ion mabhatiri inoramba ichiderera. Chikonzero ndechekuti nekuda kweiyo polarization yakakomba, iyo yekuburitsa voltage inoderedzwa kusvika pakubuda-kubvisa voltage kumberi, ndiko kuti, nguva yekubuda yakapfupikiswa, kubuda hakuna kukwana, uye iyo negative electrode Li + haina kudonha. Embedded zvachose. Kana chiyero chekubuda kwebhatiri chiri pakati pe 1.5 ne3.0, simba rekubuda rinotanga kuratidza zviratidzo zvekupora kusvika kumadhigirii akasiyana. Sezvo maitiro achienderera mberi, tembiricha yebhatiri pachayo ichawedzera zvakanyanya nekuwedzera kweyero yekubuda, iyo yekupisa yekufamba kweLi + inosimbiswa, uye kupararira kumhanya kunokwidziridzwa, kuitira kuti de-embedding kumhanya kweLi + ikurumidze uye simba rekuburitsa rinokwira. Zvinogona kugumiswa kuti pesvedzero mbiri yehuwandu hwekuyerera kukuru uye kukwira kwekushisa kwebhatiri pachayo kunokonzera iyo isiri-monotonic phenomenon yebhatiri.

3. Mhedzisiro yekushisa kwebhatiri inokwira pakubuda simba. NMC mabhatiri akateedzana akaiswa pasi pe2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5C discharge miedzo pa30 ℃, uye hukama hwehukama pakati pekubuda simba uye tembiricha yekukwira kwebhatiri ye lithium-ion inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 3. Inoratidzwa.

Zvinogona kuonekwa kubva kuMufananidzo 3 kuti pasi pesimba rakafanana rekubuda, kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwekubuda, kunonyanya kukosha kwekukwira kwekushisa. Kuongorora nguva nhatu dzenguva dzose dzekubuda kwemvura pasi pehuwandu hwekubuda kwehumwechete hunoratidza kuti kukwira kwekushisa kunonyanya kuitika mumatanho ekutanga uye ekupedzisira ekubuda.

Chechina, pesvedzero yeambient tembiricha pane yekuburitsa kugona Iyo yakanyanya kunaka tembiricha ye lithium-ion mabhatiri ndeye 25-40 ℃. Kubva pakuenzanisa kweTable 2 uye Tafura 3, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti kana kutonhora kwakadzika kudarika 5 ° C, marudzi maviri emabhatiri anobuda nokukurumidza uye simba rekubuda rinonyanya kuderedzwa.

Mushure mekuedza kwekushisa kwepasi, kupisa kwepamusoro kwakadzorerwa. Panguva imwecheteyo tembiricha, simba rekubuda kwebhatiri reLFP rakadzikira ne137.1mAh, uye bhatiri reNMC rakadzikira ne47.8mAh, asi tembiricha inokwira uye nguva yekubuda haina kuchinja. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti LFP ine kugadzikana kwakanaka kwekushisa uye inongoratidzira kushivirira kwakashata pakudzika kwakadzika, uye simba rebhatiri rine kusingadzoreki attenuation; nepo NMC mabhatiri anonzwa nekushanduka kwekushisa.

Chechishanu, pesvedzero yenhamba yekutenderera pane yekuburitsa simba Mufananidzo 4 idhizaini yedhizaini yekuora kwesimba curve yerithium-ion bhatiri, uye simba rekuburitsa pa0.8Q rakanyorwa senzvimbo yekutadza kwebhatiri. Sezvo huwandu hwekuchajisa uye kuburitsa kutenderera kunowedzera, simba rekuburitsa rinotanga kuratidza kuderera.

Bhatiri re 1600mAh LFP rakachajwa uye rakaburitswa pa 0.5C uye rakaburitswa pa 0.5C yekuyedza-kuburitsa kutenderera kutenderera. Huwandu hwema 600 cycles akaitwa, uye 80% yebhatiri redhi yakashandiswa seyero yekutadza kwebhatiri. Shandisa 100 senguva dzepakati kuti uongorore kukanganiswa kwepakati pezana yekuburitsa simba uye kukwanisa kuderedza, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 5.

Bhatiri re2000mAh NMC rakachajwa pa 1.0C uye rakaburitswa pa 1.0C pakuedza-chaji-discharge cycle kuyedza, uye 80% yehuwandu hwebhatiri yakatorwa seyebhatiri pakupera kwehupenyu hwayo. Tora kekutanga ka700 uye ongorora simba rekuburitsa uye chikanganiso cheperesenti yehuwandu hwekumisikidza ne100 sepakati, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 6.

Kuwanda kwebhatiri reLFP uye bhatiri reNMC kana nhamba yekutenderera iri 0 ndiyo yakayerwa huwandu, asi kazhinji huwandu chaihwo hushoma pane hwakayerwa huwandu, saka mushure mekutanga 100 kutenderera, simba rekuburitsa rinoora zvakanyanya. Iyo LFP bhatiri ine hupenyu hurefu hwekutenderera, iyo theoretical life is 1,000 times; Hupenyu hwe theoretical hwebhatiri reNMC 300 times. Mushure mehuwandu hwakafanana hwekutenderera, iyo NMC bhatiri simba rinoora nekukurumidza; kana huwandu hwematenderedzwa huri mazana matanhatu, iyo NMC bhatiri huwandu hunoora padyo nekutadza chikumbaridzo.

6. Mhedziso

Kuburikidza nekuchaja nekuburitsa zviyedzo pamabhatiri e-lithium-ion, maparamendi mashanu emidziyo yecathode, chiyero chekubuda, kukwira kwebhatiri tembiricha, tembiricha yakadzika uye nhamba yekutenderera inoshandiswa semhando dzakasiyana, uye hukama pakati pehunhu hune hukama uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvinofurira zvinoongororwa, uye zvinotevera zvinowanikwa mukupedzisa:

(1) Mukati meyero yakayerwa tembiricha yebhatiri, tembiricha yakakwira inosimudzira kupindirana uye kuisirwa Li+. Kunyanya pakubuda kwemvura, kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwekubuda, kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwekupisa, uye zvakanyanya kuoneka maitiro e electrochemical mukati me lithium-ion bhatiri.

(2) Bhatiri reLFP rinoratidza kugadzikana kwakanaka kune tembiricha yepamusoro uye chiyero chekubuda panguva yekuchaja uye kubuda; ine kushivirira kwakashata kune yakaderera tembiricha, iyo yekuburitsa simba inoora zvakanyanya, uye haigone kudzoserwa mushure mekupisa.

(3) Pasi pehuwandu hwakafanana hwekuchaja uye kuburitsa mavhiriji, bhatiri reLFP rine hupenyu hurefu hwekutenderera, uye huwandu hwebhatiri reNMC hunoora kusvika ku80% yehukuru hwakayerwa nekukurumidza. (4) Kuenzaniswa nebhatiri reLFP, simba rekubuda reNMC bhatiri rinonyanya kutarisana nekushisa, uye pamwero mukuru wekubuda, simba rekubudisa haisi monotonic uye kukwira kwekushisa kunoshanduka zvakanyanya.