Zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zveboka shamwari, taura nezvekunzwisisa kwe lithium bhatiri nekukurumidza kuchaja:

Mufananidzo

Shandisa dhayagiramu iyi kuratidza maitiro ekuchaja bhatiri. Iyo abscissa inguva uye iyo ordinate is voltage. Padanho rekutanga rekuchaja yelithium bhatiri, pachava nediki ikozvino pre-charge process, inova CC pre-charge, inovavarira kudzikamisa anode uye cathode zvinhu. Mushure meizvozvo, bhatiri rinogona kugadziridzwa kuCharge ine yakakwira ikozvino, iyo CC Fast Charge, mushure mekunge bhatiri ragadzikana. Pakupedzisira, inopinda iyo inogara ichiita voltage kuchaja modhi (CV). Kune lithium bhatiri, sisitimu inotanga inogara ichichaja yemagetsi kana voltage inosvika 4.2V, uye ikozvino yekuchaja inoderera zvishoma nezvishoma kusvika kuchaja kwapera kana voltage yadzikira pane imwe kukosha.

Munguva yese iyi, kune akasiyana akajairwa kuchaja mabhatiri akasiyana. Semuyenzaniso, kune zvigadzirwa zve3C, chiyero chekuchaja ikozvino chinowanzo 0.1C-0.5C, nepo kumabhatiri ane simba repamusoro, chiyero chekuchaja chinowanzo 1C. Iyo yakaderera yekuchaja ikozvino inotariswawo kuchengetedzwa kwebhatiri. Saka, toti panguva dzakajairwa kukurumidza kuchaja, ndiko kunongedza kune akati wandei kumusoro pane yakajairwa kuchaja ikozvino kusvika makumi enguva.

Vamwe vanhu vanoti kuchaja mabhatiri eLithium kwakafanana nekudira doro, nekukurumidza uye kuzadza doro nekukurumidza, asi nefuro rakawanda. Inononoka, inononoka, asi ine doro rakawanda, yakasimba. Kuchaja nekukurumidza hakungochengetedzi nguva yekuchaja, asiwo kunokuvadza bhatiri pachayo. Nekuda kweiyo polarization phenomenon mubhatiri, iyo yakanyanya kuchaja ikozvino yaanogona kugamuchira inodzikira nekuwedzera kwechaji uye kubuda kutenderera. Kana iyo inoenderera ichichaja uye yekuchaja ikozvino yakakura, iyo ion concentration pa electrode inowedzera uye polarization inowedzera, uye bhatiri terminal voltage haigone kuenderana zvakananga nechaji / simba mumutsara wakaenzana. Panguva imwecheteyo, yakakwira yekuchaja ikozvino, kuwedzera kwekupikiswa kwemukati kunotungamira kune yakawedzera Joule kupisa maitiro (Q = I2Rt), kuunza maitiro epadivi, senge maitiro ekuora kwe electrolyte, kugadzirwa kwegasi uye nhevedzano yezvinetso, iyo njodzi inokonzeresa. inowedzera kamwe kamwe, ine simba pakuchengetedzwa kwebhatiri, hupenyu hwebhatiri risiri-simba huchapfupikiswa zvakanyanya.

01

Iyo anode zvinhu

Iyo yekukurumidza kuchaja maitiro e lithium bhatiri ndiko kukurumidza kutama uye kunyudzwa kweLi + mune anode zvinhu. Iyo particle size ye cathode material inogona kukanganisa nguva yekupindura uye diffusion nzira yeion mu electrochemical process yebhatiri. Zvinoenderana nezvidzidzo, iyo diffusion coefficient yelithium ion inowedzera nekudzikira kwesaizi yezviyo. Nekudaro, nekudzikira kwehukuru hwezvinhu, pachave nekukomba kwakakomba kwezvikamu mukugadzira pulping, zvichikonzera kupararira kusina kuenzana. Panguva imwecheteyo, nanoparticles inoderedza compaction density yepepa re electrode, uye kuwedzera nzvimbo yekubatana ne electrolyte mukugadzirisa kwekuchaja uye kuburitsa side reaction, zvichikanganisa kushanda kwebhatiri.

Iyo yakanyanya kuvimbika nzira ndeyekugadzirisa iyo yakanaka electrode zvinhu nekupfeka. Semuenzaniso, conductivity yeLFP pachayo haina kunyatsonaka. Kupfekedza pamusoro peLFP nekabhoni zvinhu kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kuvandudza maitiro ayo, ayo anobatsira kuvandudza kukurumidza kuchaja kuita kwebhatiri.

02

Anode zvinhu

Kuchaja nekukurumidza kwe lithium bhatiri kunoreva kuti lithium ions inogona kukurumidza kubuda uye “kushambira” kune iyo yakaipa electrode, iyo inoda iyo cathode zvinhu kuti ive nekugona kwekukurumidza embedding lithium. Zvinhu zveanode zvinoshandiswa kukurumidza kuchaja yelithium bhatiri zvinosanganisira kabhoni zvinhu, lithium titanate uye zvimwe zvinhu zvitsva.

Kune zvinhu zvekabhoni, lithium ions inonyanya kuiswa mugraphite pasi pemamiriro ekuchajisa kwakajairwa nekuti kugona kwe lithium embedding kwakafanana neye lithium precipitation. Nekudaro, pasi pemamiriro ekukurumidza kuchaja kana tembiricha yakaderera, lithium ions inogona kudonha pamusoro uye kugadzira dendrite lithium. Apo dendrite lithium punctured SEI, Li + yechipiri kurasikirwa yakakonzerwa uye simba rebhatiri rakaderedzwa. Kana iyo lithium simbi inosvika pane imwe nhanho, inokura kubva kune yakaipa electrode kuenda ku diaphragm, zvichikonzera njodzi yebhatiri pfupi dunhu.

Kana iri LTO, ndeye “zero strain” ine anode material, iyo isingabudisi SEI panguva yekushanda kwebhatiri, uye ine simba rakasimba rekusunga ne lithium ion, iyo inogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekukurumidza kuchaja uye kusunungurwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, nekuti SEI haigone kuumbwa, iyo anode zvinhu zvinosangana zvakananga ne electrolyte, iyo inosimudzira kuitika kwemaitiro emativi. Dambudziko reLTO bhatiri rekugadzira gasi harigone kugadziriswa, uye rinogona chete kudzikiswa nekugadziriswa kwepasi.

03

Electrode liquid

Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, mukugadzirisa kwekukurumidza kutengesa, nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwe lithium ion migration rate uye electron transfer rate, bhatiri ichava nepolarization yakakura. Saka kuti kuderedze kuita kwakashata kunokonzerwa nebhatiri polarization, mapoinzi matatu anotevera anodiwa kugadzira electrolyte: 1, high dissociation electrolyte munyu; 2, solvent composite – yakaderera viscosity; 3, interface control – yakaderera membrane impedance.

04

Hukama huri pakati pekugadzira tekinoroji uye nekukurumidza kuzadza

Pamberi, izvo zvinodikanwa uye pesvedzero yekuzadza nekukurumidza zvakaongororwa kubva pazvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha, senge zvakanaka uye zvisina kunaka electrode zvinhu uye electrode fluid. Izvi zvinotevera magadzirirwo ekugadzirisa ane simba guru. Iyo tekinoroji maparamita ekugadzirwa kwebhatiri anokanganisa zvakananga kutama kwe lithium ions muchikamu chimwe nechimwe chebhatiri pamberi uye mushure mekuita bhatiri, saka tekinoroji yegadziriro yebhatiri ine simba rakakosha pakuita kwe lithium ion bhatiri.

(1) tsvina

Kune zvimiro zve slurry, kune rumwe rutivi, zvinodikanwa kuchengetedza conductive agent yakapararira. Nekuti iyo conductive agent inogovaniswa zvakaenzana pakati pezvimedu zvechinhu chinoshanda, imwe yunifomu conductive network inogona kuumbwa pakati pechinhu chinoshanda uye chinhu chinoshanda uye muunganidzi wemvura, ine basa rekuunganidza diki diki, kuderedza kusangana kushomeka, uye inogona kuvandudza mwero wekufamba kwemaerekitironi. Kune rimwe divi ndiko kudzivirira pamusoro-kupararira kwe conductive agent. Mukuchaja uye kuburitsa maitiro, chimiro chekristaro cheanode uye cathode zvinhu zvinoshanduka, izvo zvinogona kukonzera peeling kubva kune conductive agent, kuwedzera kupikisa kwemukati kwebhatiri, uye kukanganisa mashandiro.

(2) Kunyanya kuderera

Mukutaura, mabhatiri ekuwedzera uye mabhatiri epamusoro-soro hazvienderane. Kana iyo polarization density yeyakanaka uye yakaipa maelectrodes yakadzikira, kupararira velocity yelithium ions inogona kuwedzerwa, uye ion uye electron migration resistance inogona kuderedzwa. Iyo yakaderera yepasi density ndeye, iyo yakaonda iyo electrode ndeye, uye shanduko ye electrode chimiro chinokonzerwa nekuenderera mberi kwekuisa uye kuburitswa kwe lithium ions mukutarisira uye kubuda zvakare kudiki. Zvisineyi, kana density yepasi yakanyanya kuderera, simba rebhatiri rinodzikira uye mutengo uchawedzera. Saka, iyo yepamusoro density inofanira kutariswa zvakakwana. Iyi inotevera nhamba muenzaniso we lithium cobalate bhatiri yekuchaja pa6C uye ichiburitsa pa1C.

Mufananidzo

(3) Polar chidimbu coating kuenderana

Pamberi, shamwari yakabvunza, kusapindirana kwakanyanya kwechidimbu kunokanganisa bhatiri here? Pano nenzira, yekukurumidza kuchaja kuita, iyo huru ndeyekuenderana kweanode plate. Kana iyo yakashata yepamusoro density isiri yunifomu, iyo yemukati porosity yezvinhu mhenyu ichasiyana zvakanyanya mushure mekukunguruka. Musiyano weporosity uchatungamira kune mutsauko wekugovera kwemukati ikozvino, izvo zvinokanganisa kuumbwa uye kuita kweSEI muchikamu chekugadzira bhatiri, uye pakupedzisira kukanganisa kukurumidza kuchaja kuita kwebhatiri.

(4) Compaction density yepole sheet

Sei mapango achida kuumbwa? Imwe ndeyekuvandudza simba chairo rebhatiri, imwe yacho kuvandudza kushanda kwebhatiri. Iyo optimum compaction density inosiyana neiyo electrode zvinhu. Nekuwedzera kwe compaction density, kudiki kwe porosity ye electrode sheet, kuswedera kwekubatana pakati pezvimedu, uye kudiki ukobvu hwemapepa e electrode pasi pehumwe hwepamusoro, saka nzira yekutama yeLithium ion inogona kuderedzwa. Kana iyo compaction density yakakurisa, iyo infiltration mhedzisiro ye electrolyte haina kunaka, iyo inogona kuparadza chimiro chechinhu uye kugovera kwe conductive agent, uye dambudziko rekupedzisira rinoputika richaitika. Saizvozvo, lithium cobalate bhatiri inochajwa pa6C uye inoburitswa pa1C, uye pesvedzero ye compaction density pakuburitsa chaiyo simba inoratidzwa sezvizvi:

Mufananidzo

05

Formation kuchembera nevamwe

Kune kabhoni yakaipa bhatiri, kuumbwa – kuchembera ndiyo nzira yakakosha yelithium bhatiri, iyo ichakanganisa kunaka kweSEI. Ukobvu hweSEI hauna yunifomu kana chimiro hachina kugadzikana, izvo zvinokanganisa kukurumidza kuchaja huwandu uye kutenderera hupenyu hwebhatiri.

Pamusoro pezvinhu zvakati wandei zviri pamusoro apa, kugadzirwa kwesero, kuchaja uye kuburitsa system kuchave nekukanganisa kukuru mukuita kwe lithium bhatiri. Nekuwedzera kwenguva yebasa, chiyero chekuchaja bhatiri chinofanira kudzikiswa zvine mwero, zvikasadaro polarization ichave yakawedzera.

kugumisa

Izvo zvakakosha zvekukurumidza kuchaja uye kuburitsa mabhatiri e lithium ndeyekuti lithium ion inogona kukurumidza kudzikiswa pakati peanode uye cathode zvinhu. Izvo zvinhu zvemukati, dhizaini dhizaini uye kuchaja uye kuburitsa sisitimu yemabhatiri zvese zvinokanganisa kuita kwekuchaja kwazvino. Kugadzikana kweanode uye anode zvinhu kunobatsira kukurumidza delithium maitiro pasina kukonzera kuparara kwechimiro, lithium ions muhuwandu hwekupararira kwezvinhu inokurumidza, kuitira kumira kubhadharisa kwazvino. Nekuda kwekusawirirana pakati peiyo ion migration speed uye electron transfer rate, polarization ichaitika mukuchaja nekuburitsa, saka polarization inofanirwa kudzikiswa kudzivirira kunaya kwerithium simbi uye kuderedza kugona kukanganisa hupenyu.