Ngokweemfuno zabahlobo beqela, thetha malunga nokuqonda ibhetri ye-lithium ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza:

Umfanekiso

Sebenzisa lo mzobo ukubonisa inkqubo yokutshaja ibhetri. I-abscissa lixesha kwaye i-ordination yi-voltage. Kwinqanaba lokuqala lokutshaja ibhetri ye-lithium, kuya kubakho inkqubo encinci yokutshaja kwangaphambili, okuyi-CC yangaphambili, ejolise ekuzinziseni i-anode kunye ne-cathode. Emva koko, ibhetri inokulungelelaniswa ukuTshaja ngokuphezulu kwangoku, oko kukuthi i-CC Fast Charge, emva kokuba ibhetri izinzile. Ekugqibeleni, ingena kwimowudi yokutshaja yombane rhoqo (CV). Kwibhetri ye-lithium, inkqubo iqala imo yokutshaja rhoqo xa i-voltage ifikelela kwi-4.2V, kwaye umbane wokutshaja uyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe de ukutshaja kuphele xa i-voltage iphantsi kunexabiso elithile.

Ngexesha lenkqubo yonke, kukho imisinga yokutshaja esemgangathweni eyahlukeneyo yeebhetri. Umzekelo, kwiimveliso ze-3C, ukutshaja okuqhelekileyo kwangoku ngokuqhelekileyo yi-0.1C-0.5C, ngelixa iibhetri zamandla aphezulu, ukutshaja okuqhelekileyo ngokuqhelekileyo yi-1C. Umsinga wokutshaja okuphantsi nawo uqwalaselwe ukhuseleko lwebhetri. Ke, yithi ngamaxesha aqhelekileyo ukubiza ngokukhawuleza, kukwalatha kumatyeli aliqela aphezulu kunomgangatho wentlawulo yangoku ukuya kwamashumi amaxesha.

Abanye abantu bathi ukutshaja iibhetri ze-lithium kufana nokugalela ibhiya, ngokukhawuleza kwaye ugcwalise ibhiya ngokukhawuleza, kodwa nge-foam eninzi. Iyacotha, iyacotha, kodwa ininzi yebhiya, iqinile. Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza akugcini nje ukugcina ixesha lokutshaja, kodwa konakalisa ibhetri ngokwayo. Ngenxa ye-polarization phenomenon kwibhetri, ubuninzi bokutshaja obukhoyo obunokubuvuma buya kuncipha ngokunyuka kwentlawulo kunye nomjikelezo wokukhupha. Xa ukutshaja okuqhubekayo kunye nombane wokutshaja kukhulu, i-ion concentration kwi-electrode iyanda kwaye i-polarization iqinisa, kwaye i-voltage ye-terminal yebhethri ayikwazi ukuhambelana ngqo nentlawulo / amandla kwi-linear proportion. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukutshaja okuphezulu kwangoku, ukwanda kokumelana kwangaphakathi kuya kukhokelela kwimpembelelo yokufudumala ye-Joule (Q = I2Rt), ukuzisa ukuphendula kwecala, njengokubola kwe-reaction ye-electrolyte, ukuveliswa kwegesi kunye noluhlu lweengxaki, umngcipheko wengozi. inyuka ngequbuliso, inefuthe kukhuseleko lwebhetri, ubomi bebhetri engenamandla buya kufinyezwa kakhulu.

01

Izinto ze-anode

Inkqubo yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwebhetri ye-lithium kukufuduka ngokukhawuleza kunye nokufaka i-Li + kwizinto ze-anode. Ubungakanani be-particle ye-cathode material inokuchaphazela ixesha lokuphendula kunye nendlela yokusabalalisa i-ion kwinkqubo ye-electrochemical yebhetri. Ngokwezifundo, i-coefficient yokusasazwa kwe-lithium ion yonyuka ngokuncipha kobungakanani beenkozo zezinto. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuncipha kobungakanani besuntswana lezinto eziphathekayo, kuya kubakho ukudityaniswa okunzulu kwamasuntswana kwimveliso yepulping, okukhokelela kukusasazwa okungalinganiyo. Ngelo xesha, i-nanoparticles iya kunciphisa ukuxinwa koxinzelelo lwephepha le-electrode, kwaye yandise indawo yoqhagamshelwano kunye ne-electrolyte kwinkqubo yokuhlawula kunye nokukhupha i-reaction side reaction, echaphazela ukusebenza kwebhetri.

Indlela ethembekileyo kukuguqula izinto eziphathekayo ze-electrode ngokugubungela. Ngokomzekelo, i-conductivity ye-LFP ngokwayo ayilungile kakhulu. Ukugquma ubuso be-LFP ngezinto zekhabhoni okanye ezinye izinto kunokuphucula ukuqhutyelwa kwayo, okuhambelana nokuphucula ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza kokutshaja kwebhetri.

02

Izixhobo ze-Anode

Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwebhetri ye-lithium kuthetha ukuba i-lithium ion inokuphuma ngokukhawuleza kwaye “ibhukude” kwi-electrode engafanelekanga, efuna ukuba izinto eziphathekayo ze-cathode zibe nekhono lokufaka i-lithium ngokukhawuleza. Izinto ze-anode ezisetyenziselwa ukuhlawula ngokukhawuleza ibhetri ye-lithium ziquka izinto zekhabhoni, i-lithium titanate kunye nezinye izinto ezintsha.

Kwizinto zekhabhoni, i-ion ze-lithium zikhethwa ngokukhethekileyo kwi-graphite phantsi kwemeko yokutshaja okuqhelekileyo kuba amandla okufakela i-lithium afana ne-lithium precipitation. Nangona kunjalo, phantsi kweemeko zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza okanye ukushisa okuphantsi, i-lithium ion inokuthi iqhube phezu komhlaba kwaye yenze i-dendrite lithium. Xa i-dendrite lithium ihlatywe i-SEI, ilahleko ye-Li + yesibini yabangelwa kwaye umthamo webhetri wancitshiswa. Xa intsimbi ye-lithium ifikelela kwinqanaba elithile, iya kukhula isuka kwi-electrode engafanelekanga ukuya kwi-diaphragm, ebangela umngcipheko wesiphaluka esifutshane sebhetri.

Ngokuphathelele i-LTO, i-“zero strain” ye-oxygen-containing anode material, engavelisi i-SEI ngexesha lokusebenza kwebhetri, kwaye inamandla okubopha i-lithium ion, enokufikelela kwiimfuno zokuhlawulela ngokukhawuleza kunye nokukhululwa. Ngelo xesha, ngenxa yokuba i-SEI ayinakuqulunqwa, i-anode iya kuqhagamshelana ngokuthe ngqo ne-electrolyte, ekhuthaza ukuvela kweempendulo zecala. Ingxaki yokuvelisa igesi yebhetri ye-LTO ayinakusonjululwa, kwaye inokupheliswa kuphela ngokuguqulwa komphezulu.

03

Electrode liquid

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, kwinkqubo yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza, ngenxa yokungahambelani kwezinga lokufuduka kwe-lithium ion kunye nesantya sokudlulisa i-electron, ibhetri iya kuba ne-polarization enkulu. Ke ukuze kuncitshiswe ukusabela okungalunganga okubangelwa yi-polarization yebhetri, ezi ngongoma zintathu zilandelayo ziyafuneka ukuphuhlisa i-electrolyte: 1, ityuwa ephezulu ye-electrolyte; I-2, i-solvent composite – i-viscosity ephantsi; I-3, ulawulo lwe-interface – i-impedance ye-membrane ephantsi.

04

Ubudlelwane phakathi kweteknoloji yokuvelisa kunye nokuzaliswa ngokukhawuleza

Ngaphambili, iimfuno kunye neempembelelo zokuzaliswa ngokukhawuleza zahlaziywa kwizinto ezintathu eziphambili, ezifana ne-electrode efanelekileyo kunye ne-negative materials kunye ne-electrode liquid. Oku kulandelayo luyilo lwenkqubo olunempembelelo enkulu. Iiparamitha zetekhnoloji yemveliso yebhetri ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuxhathisa kokufuduka kwe-lithium ion kwinxalenye nganye yebhetri ngaphambi nangemva kokusebenza kwebhetri, ngoko ke iiparitha zobuchwepheshe bokulungiswa kwebhetri zinempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwebhetri ye-lithium ion.

(1) uludaka

Kwiipropati ze-slurry, ngakwesinye icala, kuyimfuneko ukugcina i-agent conductive ihlakazeke ngokulinganayo. Ngenxa yokuba i-agent eqhubayo isasazwa ngokulinganayo phakathi kwamaqhekeza ezinto ezisebenzayo, inethiwekhi eqhubayo ifanayo inokuqulunqwa phakathi kwezinto ezisebenzayo kunye ne-substance esebenzayo kunye ne-collector fluid, onomsebenzi wokuqokelela i-micro current, ukunciphisa ukuxhatshazwa koqhagamshelwano, kwaye inokuphucula izinga lokuhamba kwee-electron. Kwelinye icala kukuthintela ukusasazwa ngokugqithisileyo kwe-arhente yokuqhuba. Kwinkqubo yokutshaja kunye nokukhupha, i-crystal structure ye-anode kunye ne-cathode iya kutshintsha, enokubangela ukuba i-peeling off ye-agent conductive, ikhulise ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwebhetri, kwaye ichaphazele ukusebenza.

(2) Ukuxinana ngokugqithisileyo

Kwithiyori, iibhetri eziphindaphindayo kunye neebhetri ezinomthamo ophezulu azihambelani. Xa ukuxinana kwe-polarization ye-electrodes echanekileyo kunye ne-negative iphantsi, i-diffusion velocity ye-lithium ion inokunyuswa, kwaye i-ion kunye ne-electron migration resistance ingancitshiswa. Ubuncinci bobuninzi bomphezulu kukuba, i-electrode encinci, kwaye utshintsho lwesakhiwo se-electrode esibangelwa ukufakwa ngokuqhubekayo kunye nokukhululwa kwe-lithium ion ephetheyo kunye nokukhutshwa kuncinci. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukuxinana komphezulu kuphantsi kakhulu, ukuxinana kwamandla ebhetri kuya kuncitshiswa kwaye iindleko ziya kunyuka. Ngoko ke, ukuxinana komphezulu kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngokubanzi. Lo mfanekiso ulandelayo ngumzekelo we-lithium cobalate ibhetri yokutshaja kwi-6C kunye nokukhupha kwi-1C.

Umfanekiso

(3) I-Polar piece yokwaleka ukuhambelana

Ngaphambili, umhlobo wabuza, ngaba ukungangqinelani koxinaniso ngokuyinxenye kuya kuba nefuthe kwibhetri? Apha ngendlela, ekusebenzeni ngokukhawuleza ukutshaja, eyona nto iphambili kukuhambelana kweplate ye-anode. Ukuba ubuninzi bomgangatho ongalunganga awufani, i-porosity yangaphakathi yezinto eziphilayo iya kuhluka kakhulu emva kokuqengqeleka. Ukwahlukana kwe-porosity kuya kukhokelela ekuhlukeni kokusasazwa kwangaphakathi kwangaphakathi, okuya kuchaphazela ukubunjwa kunye nokusebenza kwe-SEI kwinqanaba lokuqulunqa ibhetri, kwaye ekugqibeleni lichaphazele ukusebenza kokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwebhetri.

(4) Ukuxinana kwephepha lepali

Kutheni le nto iipali kufuneka zixinaniswe? Enye kukuphucula amandla athile ebhetri, enye kukuphucula ukusebenza kwebhetri. Ubuninzi bokuxinana obuphezulu buhluka kunye nezinto ze-electrode. Ngokunyuka koxinano lokuxinana, i-porosity encinci yephepha le-electrode, idibaniso elisondeleyo phakathi kwamasuntswana, kunye nobukhulu obuncinci bephepha le-electrode phantsi koxinzelelo olufanayo lomphezulu, ngoko ke indlela yokufuduka ye-Lithium ion ingancitshiswa. Xa ukuxinana koxinzelelo kukhulu kakhulu, umphumo wokungena kwe-electrolyte awulungile, onokutshabalalisa isakhiwo sezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokuhanjiswa kwe-agent eqhubayo, kwaye ingxaki yokuphefumula kamva iya kwenzeka. Ngokufanayo, ibhetri ye-lithium cobalate ihlawuliswa kwi-6C kwaye ikhutshwe kwi-1C, kwaye impembelelo yoxinaniso lokuxinana ekukhupheni umthamo othile uboniswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

Umfanekiso

05

Ukwakheka ukuguga kunye nabanye

Kwibhetri ye-carbon negative, ukubunjwa – ukuguga yinkqubo ephambili yebhetri ye-lithium, eya kuchaphazela umgangatho we-SEI. Ubunzima be-SEI abufani okanye ulwakhiwo aluzinzile, oluya kuchaphazela umthamo wokutshaja okhawulezayo kunye nobomi bomjikelezo webhetri.

Ukongeza kwezi zinto zingasentla ezibalulekileyo, ukuveliswa kweeseli, intlawulo kunye nenkqubo yokukhupha iya kuba nefuthe elikhulu ekusebenzeni kwebhetri ye-lithium. Ngokwandiswa kwexesha lenkonzo, izinga lokutshaja ibhetri kufuneka lincitshiswe ngokuphakathi, ngaphandle koko i-polarization iya kuba nzima.

siphelo

Undoqo wokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kunye nokukhutshwa kweebhetri ze-lithium kukuba i-lithium ion inokuthi ifakwe ngokukhawuleza phakathi kwe-anode kunye nezixhobo ze-cathode. Iimpawu zezinto eziphathekayo, ukuyila inkqubo kunye nokutshaja kunye nokukhupha inkqubo yeebhetri zonke zichaphazela ukusebenza kokutshaja okuphezulu kwangoku. Uzinzo lwesakhiwo se-anode kunye nezixhobo ze-anode zihambelana nenkqubo ye-delithium ekhawulezayo ngaphandle kokubangela ukuwa kwesakhiwo, i-lithium ion kwizinga lokusabalalisa izinto ngokukhawuleza, ukwenzela ukujamelana nokutshaja okuphezulu kwangoku. Ngenxa yokungahambelani phakathi kwesantya sokufuduka kwe-ion kunye nezinga lokudluliselwa kwe-electron, i-polarization iya kwenzeka kwinkqubo yokutshaja kunye nokukhupha, ngoko ke i-polarization kufuneka incitshiswe ukukhusela imvula yensimbi ye-lithium kunye nokunciphisa amandla okuchaphazela ubomi.