Bato idzva remagetsi riri kuwedzera munguva pfupi yapfuura. Nhasi tichataura pamusoro pekusimudzira uye kushanda nheyo dzemabhatiri uye mabhatiri efoni.

1. Nheyo yekushanda yebhatiri

Chishandiso chinogona kushandura zvakananga simba remakemikari, simba rechiedza, simba rekupisa, nezvimwewo kuita simba remagetsi rinonzi bhatiri. Zvinosanganisira mabhatiri emakemikari, mabhatiri enyukireya, nezvimwewo, uye zvatinowanzodaidza kuti mabhatiri zvinowanzoreva mabhatiri emakemikari.

Mabhatiri emakemikari anoshanda akakamurwa kuita mabhatiri ekutanga uye accumulators. Mabhatiri atinosangana nawo muhupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva anonyanya kuunganidza. Bhatiri rinoda kuchajwa risati rashandiswa, uye rinobva raburitswa. Paunenge uchichaja, simba remagetsi rinoshandurwa kuita kemikari simba; pakuburitsa, simba remakemikari rinoshandurwa kuita simba remagetsi.

Kana bhatiri richibuda, ikozvino inotamiswa kubva kune yakanaka electrode kuenda kune yakaipa electrode kuburikidza nekunze redunhu. Mu electrolyte, iyoni yakanaka uye iyo isina kunaka iyo inofambiswa kune maelectrodes, uye ikozvino inotapurirwa kubva kune iyo isina kunaka electrode kuenda kune yakanaka electrode. Kana bhatiri raburitswa, maelectrode maviri anopinda kemikari, uye dunhu rinobviswa kana kemikari inoitika. Kana zvinhu zvapera, kubuda kunomira.

Zvichienderana nemidziyo inoshandiswa mukati mebhatiri, bhatiri rinogona kuve rechargeable kana risingadzokerike. Kumwe kuita kwemakemikari kunodzokororwa, uye kumwe hakuchinjiki.

Kugona uye kumhanya kwebhatiri zvinoenderana nechinhu chayo.

2 Nhoroondo yemabhatiri efoni

Mabhatiri enharembozha anogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu: Ni-Cd bhatiri → Ni-MH bhatiri →

Kubva pamazita ematanho matatu aya, tinogona kuona kuti makemikari makuru anoshandiswa mumabhatiri ari kuchinja, uye kune humwe hutsva hwetekinoroji mumabhatiri. Tinogona kutotaura kuti pasina lithium mabhatiri, pangadai pasina mobile smart life nhasi.

Pakatanga kubuda mbozhanhare muma1980, dzainziwo “nharembozha”. Kubva pazita racho, tinogona kuona kuti ihombe. Chikonzero chikuru nei yakakura imhaka yebhatiri rayo rakakura.

Mumakore ekuma1990, mabhatiri eNi-MH akaonekwa, maduku uye ane ushamwari. Motorola’s nyeredzi chigadzirwa StarTAC inoshandisa nickel simbi hydride mabhatiri, madiki akakwana kukanganisa maonero evanhu. Iyo StarTAC328, yakaburitswa muna 1996, yaive yekutanga runhare pasi rose, yairema magiramu makumi masere nemanomwe chete.

Mukutanga kwema1990, mabhatiri e lithium akaonekwawo. Muna 1992, Sony yakaunza yayo lithium bhatiri muzvigadzirwa zvayo, asi nekuda kwemutengo wepamusoro uye kushaikwa kwesimba rakanakisa, yaigona kungoshandiswa muzvigadzirwa zvayo. Zvadaro, nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji ye lithium bhatiri zvinhu uye kufambira mberi kwekugadzira tekinoroji, kugona kwayo uye mutengo zvakagadziridzwa, uye zvishoma nezvishoma zvakakunda kufarirwa kwevagadziri vakawanda. Nguva yemabhatiri e lithium yasvika zviri pamutemo.

Lithium bhatiri uye Nobel Prize

Kunyangwe kuchinjwa kwenharembozha kuri kusimukira nekukurumidza, kuvandudzwa kwemabhatiri enharembozha kuri kunonoka. Zvinoenderana nedata reongororo, huwandu hwemabhatiri hunongowedzera ne10% makore ese gumi. Zvinenge zvisingaite kuti uwedzere zvakanyanya kuwanda kwemabhatiri enharembozha munguva pfupi, saka ndima yemabhatiri enharembozha inewo mikana isingaperi uye zvinogoneka.

Mubairo we2019 weNobel muChemistry wakapihwa Purofesa John Goodenough, Stanley Whittingham naDr. Akira Yoshino nebasa ravo mumunda wemabhatiri e lithium. Muchokwadi, gore rega rega vasati vahwina, vamwe vanhu vanofanotaura kana lithium mabhatiri achahwina. Kufambira mberi kwemabhatiri e-lithium kune simba guru uye mupiro kuvanhu, uye mibairo yavo yakanyatsokodzera.

Dambudziko rekutanga remafuta ehondo yeMiddle East muma1970s rakaita kuti vanhu vaone kukosha kwekubvisa kutsamira pamafuta. Kupinda matsime emagetsi matsva anogona kutsiva oiri. Zvakare nyika dzine shungu dzakagadzira hurefu hutsva mukutsvaga nekuvandudza mabhatiri. Nekukanganisa kwedambudziko remafuta, anotarisira kuita mipiro mumunda weimwe simba.

Sechinhu chekare chakagadzirwa mumaminetsi mashoma ekutanga eBig Bang, lithium yakatanga kuwanikwa neveSweden chemist muchimiro che lithium ions mukutanga kwezana ramakore re19. Inoita reactive zvakanyanya. Kushaya simba kwaro kuri mukuitazve, asi zvakare masimba Awo.

Kana yakachena lithium inoshandiswa seanode kubhadharisa bhatiri, lithium dendrites inoumbwa, iyo inogona kukonzera pfupi pfupi mubhatiri, inokonzera moto kana kunyange kuputika, asi vatsvakurudzi havana kumbokanda mabheti e lithium.

Vakahwina Mubairo weNobel vatatu: Stanley Whittingham ndiye akatanga kushanda zvakazara lithium bhatiri raishanda patembiricha yemumba mukutanga kwema1970, vachishandisa chidhiraivho chine simba chelithium kuburitsa maerekitironi ekunze;

Bhatiri reWhittingham rinogona kuburitsa zvishoma pamusoro pemavolts maviri. Muna 1980, Goodenough akawana kuti kushandiswa kwecobalt lithium mu cathode kunogona kupeta voltage. Akawedzera kaviri kugona kwebhatiri, uye iyo yakakwirira-simba-density cathode zvinhu yakareruka, asi inogona kuita bhatiri rakasimba. Akasika mamiriro ari nani ekugadzirwa kwemamwe mabhatiri anobatsira;

Muna 1985, Akase Yoshino akagadzira robhoti rekutanga rekutengesa. Akasarudza lithium cobalt acid inoshandiswa naGoodeneuf se cathode uye akabudirira kutsiva lithium alloy nekabhoni seye electrode yakaipa yebhatiri. Akagadzira lithium bhatiri ine kushanda kwakadzikama, huremu huremu, hukuru hukuru, kutsiva kwakachengeteka, uye zvakanyanya kuderedza njodzi yekupisa kwega.

Itsvagiridzo yavo yakasundira mabhatiri e-lithium kune zvisingaverengeki zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, zvichitibvumira kunakidzwa nehupenyu hwemazuva ano hwefoni. Mabhatiri e<em>lithium akaita kuti pave nemamiriro ezvinhu akakodzera nokuda kwenzanga itsva isina waya, isina mafuta, uye akabatsira vanhu zvikuru.

Tekinoroji haimbomira

Mumazuva iwayo, zvaitora maawa gumi kuchaja uye maminitsi 10 kutaura, asi iye zvino, nharembozha dzedu dziri kugara dzichingodzokororwa. Hatingazove pasi pedambudziko rekuchaja kwenguva yakareba sezvataiita kare, asi tekinoroji haina kumbomira. Tichiri kuongorora nzira yehukuru hukuru, hukuru hudiki, uye hupenyu hurefu hwebhatiri.

Kusvika pari zvino, dambudziko redendrite remabhatiri e-lithium richiri kushungurudza vaongorori semweya. Takatarisana nenjodzi iyi huru yekuchengeteka, masayendisiti pasi rose achiri kushanda nesimba. Goodenough, ane makore makumi mapfumbamwe ekuzvarwa Mubairo weNobel, akazvipira chose mukutsvagisa nekuvandudza mabhatiri ehurumende.

Shamwari, unofungei nezvesimba idzva? Ndeapi maonero ako kune ramangwana rebhatiri munda? Ndezvipi zvaunotarisira kune remangwana mbozha?

Kugamuchirwa kuti usiye meseji yekukurukura, ndapota teerera kune black hole sainzi, uye nekukuunzira imwe inonakidza sainzi.