Obunye ubunzima bokurisayikilisha kukuba ixabiso lemathiriyeli ngokwayo liphantsi, kwaye inkqubo yokurisayikilishwa ayitshiphuki. Itekhnoloji entsha inethemba lokukhulisa ukusetyenzwa kwakhona kweebhetri ze-lithium ngokunciphisa ngakumbi iindleko kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezithako eco-friendly.

Indlela entsha yonyango inokubuyisela imathiriyeli yecathode esele isetyenzisiwe kwisimo sayo sokuqala, inciphisa ngakumbi iindleko zokurisayikilishwa. Iphuhliswe ngama-nanoengineers kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eSan Diego, iteknoloji ihambelana nokusingqongileyo kuneendlela ezisetyenziswayo ngoku. Isebenzisa izinto eziluhlaza, inciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngama-80 ukusa kuma-90 ekhulwini, yaye inciphisa ukukhutshwa kweegesi ze<em>greenhouse ngama-75 ekhulwini.

Abaphandi bachaza umsebenzi wabo kwiphepha elipapashwe ngoNovemba 12 kwiJoule.

Obu buchule bufanelekile ngokukodwa kwii-cathodes ezenziwe nge-lithium iron phosphate (LFP). Iibhetri ze-LFP cathode zinexabiso eliphantsi kunezinye iibhetri ze-lithium kuba azisebenzisi zintsimbi ezixabisekileyo njenge-cobalt okanye i-nickel. Iibhetri ze-LFP zomelele kwaye zikhuselekile. Zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizixhobo zamandla, iibhasi zombane kunye neegridi zamandla. I-Tesla Model 3 isebenzisa iibhetri ze-LFP.

“Ukuqwalasela ezi zibonelelo, iibhetri ze-LFP ziya kuba nenzuzo yokukhuphisana kwezinye iibhetri ze-lithium kwimarike,” watsho uZheng Chen, unjingalwazi we-nanoengineering kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eSan Diego.

Ngaba ikhona ingxaki? “Akukongeki mali ukuphinda usebenzise ezi bhetri.” “Ijongene nengxaki efanayo neeplastiki – izinto ngokwazo zinexabiso eliphantsi, kodwa indlela yokuphinda isetyenziswe ayibizi,” utshilo uChen.

Ubuchwephesha obutsha bokurisayikilisha obuphuhliswe nguChen kunye neqela lakhe bunokunciphisa ezi ndleko. Ubuchwephesha busebenza kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi (ama-60 ukuya kuma-80 degrees Celsius) kunye noxinzelelo lwe-ambient, ngoko ke busebenzisa umbane omncinci kunezinye iindlela. Ngaphezu koko, iikhemikhali ezisebenzisayo, njenge-lithium, i-nitrogen, amanzi, kunye ne-citric acid, ziphantsi kwaye zincinci.

“Yonke inkqubo yokubuyisela kwakhona iqhutyelwa phantsi kweemeko ezikhuselekileyo, ngoko asiyidingi amanyathelo akhethekileyo okhuseleko okanye izixhobo ezikhethekileyo,” kusho uPan Xu, umbhali okhokelayo wokufunda kunye nomphandi we-postdoctoral kwilebhu ye-Chen. Yiyo loo nto iindleko zethu zokusebenzisa ibhetri ziphantsi. ”

Okokuqala, abaphandi baphinda basebenzise iibhetri ze-LFP de balahlekelwa sisiqingatha somthamo wabo wokugcina. Emva koko bachitha ibhetri, baqokelela i-cathode powder yayo, bayifaka kwisisombululo se-lithium salts kunye ne-citric acid. Emva koko, bahlamba isisombululo ngamanzi baze bavumele ukuba umgubo wome ngaphambi kokuwufudumeza.

Abaphandi basebenzise ipowder ukwenza ii-cathodes ezintsha, eziye zavavanywa kwiiseli zeqhosha kunye neeseli zesikhwama. Ukusebenza kwayo kwe-electrochemical, ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali kunye nesakhiwo sibuyiselwa ngokupheleleyo kwisimo sokuqala.

Njengoko ibhetri iqhubeka ihlaziywa, i-cathode ifumana utshintsho olubalulekileyo lwesakhiwo esinciphisa ukusebenza kwayo. Eyokuqala ilahleko ye-lithium ion, eyenza i-voids kwisakhiwo se-cathode. Okwesibini, olunye utshintsho lwesakhiwo lwenzeka xa i-iron kunye ne-lithium ion kwisakhiwo sekristale batshintshiselana ngeendawo. Nje ukuba yenzekile loo nto, ii-ion azikwazi ukubuyela umva ngokulula, ngoko ke ii-ion ze-lithium ziyaxinga kwaye azikwazi ukujikeleza ibhetri.

Indlela yonyango ecetywayo kolu phando kuqala izalisa i-lithium ion, ukwenzela ukuba i-iron ion kunye ne-lithium ion zinokutshintshela ngokulula kwizikhundla zazo zangaphambili, ngaloo ndlela zibuyisela isakhiwo se-cathode. Isinyathelo sesibini kukusebenzisa i-citric acid, esebenza njenge-arhente yokunciphisa ukunikela ngee-electron kwenye into. Idlulisela ii-electron kwii-ion zentsimbi, ukunciphisa intlawulo yabo efanelekileyo. Oku kunciphisa i-electron repulsion kwaye ivimbela i-iron ion ukuba ibuyele kwiindawo zabo zangaphambili kwi-crystal structure, ngelixa ikhulula i-lithium ion ibuyele kumjikelezo.

Ngelixa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokubanzi kwenkqubo yokubuyisela kwakhona kuphantsi, abaphandi bathi uphando olongezelelweyo luyafuneka kwi-logistics yokuqokelela, ukuthutha kunye nokulahla ubuninzi beebhetri.

“Umceli mngeni olandelayo kukufumanisa ukuba zingenziwa njani na ezi nkqubo zolungiselelo.” “Oku kuya kuzisa itekhnoloji yethu yokuphinda isetyenziswe inyathelo elinye kufutshane nesicelo soshishino,” utshilo uChen.