I-Dendrite lithium imane isho ukuthi lapho inani le-lithium elishumekwe ku-graphite lidlula ukubekezelela kwayo, i-lithium ion eyeqile izohlangana nama-electron aphuma ku-electrode engalungile futhi iqale ukufaka phezu kwe-electrode engalungile. Ngesikhathi sokushajwa kabusha ibhethri, i-voltage evela emhlabeni ongaphandle kanye nezinto zangaphakathi ze-lithium ion anode ezizovela endaweni ye-electrolyte, i-electrolyte ye-lithium ion nayo ngaphansi kwesimo somehluko we-voltage phakathi kwezwe langaphandle ukuya ekunyakazeni kwengqimba ye-carbon. , ngoba i-graphite iyisiteshi esinezingqimba, i-lithium lithium izongena esiteshini ngekhabhoni ukuze yenze ama-carbon compounds, i-LiCx (x = 1 ~ 6) i-graphite interlaminar compounds yenziwa. Ukusabela kwe-electrochemical ku-anode yebhethri ye-lithium kungavezwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:

Kule fomula, unepharamitha eyodwa, isithombe, futhi uma uhlanganisa kokubili isithombe, uthola i-dendrite lithium. Kunomqondo lapha wonke umuntu awaziyo, izinhlanganisela ze-graphite interlaminar. I-graphite interlamellar compounds (ama-GICs ngamafuphi) ayizingxube zekristalu lapho ama-reactants angewona ama-carbonaceous afakwa ezingqimbeni ze-graphite ngezindlela ezibonakalayo noma zamakhemikhali ukuze kuhlanganiswe nezindiza zenethiwekhi ye-hexagonal ye-carbon ngenkathi kugcinwa ukwakheka kwe-graphite lamellar.

Izici:

I-Dendrite lithium ngokuvamile ifakwa endaweni yokuxhumana ye-diaphragm kanye nesigxobo esinegethivu. Abafundi abanolwazi lokuhlakaza amabhethri kufanele bavame ukuthola ungqimba lwezinto ezimpunga ku-diaphragm. Yebo, lokho kuyi-lithium. I-Dendrite lithium iyinsimbi ye-lithium eyakhiwe ngemva kokuba i-lithium ion ithola i-electron. Insimbi ye-lithium ngeke isakwazi ukwenza i-lithium ion ukuze ibambe iqhaza ekushajweni nasekukhipheni ukusabela kwebhethri, okuholela ekuncipheni komthamo webhethri. I-Dendrite lithium ikhula isuka phezu kwe-electrode engemihle iye kudiaphragm. Uma insimbi ye-lithium ifakwa ngokuqhubekayo, izogcina Ibhoboze i-diaphragm futhi ibangele ukujikeleza okufushane kwebhethri, kubangele izinkinga zokuphepha kwebhethri.

Izici ezithonya:

Izici eziyinhloko ezithinta ukwakheka kwe-dendrite lithium ukuqina kwe-anode surface, i-concentration gradient ye-lithium ion kanye nokuminyana kwamanje, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ifilimu ye-SEI, uhlobo lwe-electrolyte, ukuhlushwa kwe-solute kanye nebanga eliphumelelayo phakathi kwe-positive. kanye nama-electrodes angalungile wonke anethonya elithile ekwakhekeni kwe-dendrite lithium.

1. Ubulukhuni bobuso obungebuhle

Ubulukhuni bendawo ye-electrode engemihle buthinta ukwakheka kwe-dendrite lithium, futhi uma ubuso buba lukhuni, buhle kakhulu ekubunjweni kwe-dendrite lithium. Ukwakhiwa kwe-dendrite lithium kuhilela okuqukethwe okune okuyinhloko, okuhlanganisa i-electrochemistry, i-crystology, i-thermodynamics kanye ne-kinetics, echazwe ngokuningiliziwe esihlokweni sikaDavid R. Ely.

2. I-Gradient kanye nokusabalalisa kokuhlushwa kwe-lithium ion

Ngemva kokuphunyuka ezintweni ezinhle, ama-ion e-lithium adlula ku-electrolyte kanye nolwelwesi ukuze athole ama-electron ku-electrode engemihle. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokushaja, ukugcwala kwama-ion e-lithium ku-electrode eqondile kuyanda kancane kancane, kuyilapho ukugcwala kwe-lithium ion ku-electrode engemihle kuncipha ngenxa yokwamukelwa okuqhubekayo kwama-electron. Kusixazululo esincibilikisiwe esinokuminyana okuphezulu kwamanje, ukugxila kwe-ion kuba yiziro. Imodeli esungulwe u-Chazalviel no-Chazalviel ibonisa ukuthi lapho ukugxila kwe-ion kuncipha ku-0, i-electrode engalungile izokwakha inkokhelo yesikhala sendawo futhi yakhe isakhiwo se-dendrite. Izinga lokukhula kwesakhiwo se-dendrite liyafana nenani lokufuduka kwe-ion ku-electrolyte.

3. Ukuminyana kwamanje

Esihlokweni esithi Ukukhula kwe-Dendrite ku-Lithium/Polymer Systems, umbhali ukholelwa ukuthi Izinga Lokukhula kwethiphu ye-Dendrite Lithium lihlobene eduze nokuminyana kwamanje, njengoba kuboniswe kuzibalo ezilandelayo:

Isithombe

Uma ukuminyana kwamanje kuncishisiwe, ukukhula kwe-dendrite lithium kungabambezeleka ngezinga elithile, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi:

Isithombe

Ungakugwema kanjani:

Indlela yokwenza i-dendrite lithium isacacile, kodwa kunezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokukhula kwe-lithium metal. Ngokusho kokwakheka kanye nezici ezinomthelela we-dendrite lithium, ukwakheka kwe-dendrite lithium kungagwenywa kulezi zici ezilandelayo:

1. Lawula ukugqama kwendawo yezinto ze-anode.

2. Usayizi wezinhlayiya ezinegethivu kufanele ube mncane kunerediyasi ebalulekile ye-thermodynamic.

3. Lawula ukumanzisa kwe-electrodeposition.

4. Khawulela amandla e-electroplating ngaphansi kwevelu ebucayi. Ukwengeza, indlela yendabuko yokushaja nokukhipha ingathuthukiswa, isibonelo, imodi ye-pulse ingacatshangelwa.

5. Engeza izithasiselo ze-electrolyte ezinzisa ukuxhumana kwe-negative-electrolyte

6. Faka esikhundleni se-electrolyte ewuketshezi ngejeli yamandla aphezulu/i-electrolyte eqinile

7. Misa ungqimba oluvikela ubuso lwamandla aphezulu e-lithium anode

Ekugcineni, imibuzo emibili ishiywe ukuze kuxoxwe ngayo ekugcineni kwesihloko:

1. Iphi i-electrochemical reaction ye-lithium ions? Enye iwukuthi i-lithium ions ebusweni bokusabela kwe-graphite electrochemical ngemva kokudluliswa kwesisindo esiqinile, ukuze kufinyelele isimo sokugcwala. Okwesibili, ama-ion e-lithium athuthela ezingxenyeni ze-graphite ngokusebenzisa imingcele yokusanhlamvu yama-graphite microcrystals futhi aphendule ku-graphite.

2. Ingabe ama-ion e-lithium asabela nge-graphite ukuze akhe inhlanganisela ye-lithium carbon kanye ne-dendrite lithium ngokuhambisana noma ngokulandelana?

Siyakwamukela ukuthi sixoxe, shiya umlayezo ~