Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kubala ingxenye enkulu yezindleko zokusebenza kwezindawo zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile. Indlela yokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha namandla avuselelekayo ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ohlelweni lokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi kanye nenqubo yokuhlanza amanzi sekugxilwe ezikhungweni eziningi zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile emhlabeni. Namuhla sizokwethula ukusetshenziswa kwamandla elanga ezitshalweni eziningana zendle e-United States.

Washington Suburban Sanitation Commission, Senecaand Western Branch Waste Water Treatment Plant, Germantown & Upper Marlboro, Maryland

I-Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission (WSSC) isungule izimboni ezimbili ezizimele ze-solar photovoltaic power 2 MW, ngayinye engavala ukuthengwa kwamandla onyaka axhunywe kugridi cishe okungama-3278MWh/ngonyaka. Zombili izinhlelo zokuphehla amandla e-photovoltaic zakhiwe ezindaweni ezivulekile ngaphezu komhlabathi, eduze nendawo yokuhlanza indle. I-Standard Solar yakhethwa njengosonkontileka we-EPC, kanti i-Washington Gas Energy Services (WGES) yayingumnikazi kanye nomhlinzeki we-PPA. I-AECOM isiza i-WSSC ekubuyekezeni imibhalo yokuklama yabahlinzeki be-EPC ukuze kuqinisekiswe izinga eliphezulu lohlelo.

I-AECOM iphinde yahambisa amaphepha emvume yemvelo eMnyangweni Wezemvelo waseMaryland (MDE) ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi uhlelo lwe-solar photovoltaic luhambisana nemithetho yendawo yendawo. Womabili amasistimu axhunywe kuklayenti ledivayisi yokuya phansi engu-13.2kV/480V futhi atholakala phakathi kwe-transformer nanoma yikuphi ukudluliselwa noma ama-circuit breaker avikela isikhungo sokuhlanza indle. Ngenxa yokukhethwa kwezindawo zokuxhuma kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla elanga okuthi ngezinye izikhathi (nakuba kungavamile) okweqa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla esizeni, ukudluliselwa kabusha kufakwe ukuvimbela ukuphuma kwamandla ukuthi angabuyeli kugridi. Isu lokuxhumanisa lezindawo zesikhungo sokuhlanza amanzi angcolile e-DC Water’s Blue Plains lihluke kakhulu kwele-WSSC futhi lidinga izindlela zokuxhuma eziningi, ikakhulukazi uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi kuneziphakeli zikagesi ezisetshenziswayo ezimbili eziyinhloko ezihlanganisa amamitha amathathu amakhulu kagesi namasekhethi kagesi aphakathi nendawo ahambelanayo.

Hill Canyon Wastewater Treatment Plant, Thousand Oaks, California

I-Hill Canyon Sewage Treatment Plant yakhiwa ngo-1961, inamandla okucubungula nsuku zonke cishe amathani angu-38,000, futhi yaziwa ngokuphathwa kahle kwemvelo. Isikhungo sokukhuculula indle sifakwe umshini wokuhlanza izigaba ezintathu, futhi amanzi angcolile ahlanzekile angasetshenziswa kabusha njengamanzi abuyiselwe. Amaphesenti angu-65 okusetshenziswa kwamandla esizeni akhiqizwa iyunithi yokuhlanganisa engu-500-kilowatt kanye nesistimu ye-solar photovoltaic engu-584-kilowatt (500-kilowatt AC). I-solar photovoltaic system ifakwe ku-reservoir echichimayo njengombhede wokomisa wama-biosolids, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 8. Lezi zingxenye ze-modular zifakwe ku-tracker ye-axis eyodwa ngaphezu kwezinga eliphezulu lamanzi, futhi wonke amadivaysi kagesi afakwe ohlangothini olulodwa umzila wokunciphisa ukungena kwamanzi. Uhlelo ludizayinelwe ukuthi ludinge kuphela ukufaka amahange e-pier aqondile epuleti elingaphansi lechibi likakhonkolo elikhona, linciphisa inani lokwakha elidingekayo ekunqwabeleni okujwayelekile noma izisekelo. Isistimu ye-solar photovoltaic yafakwa ekuqaleni kuka-2007 futhi inganciphisa u-15% wokuthengwa kwegridi yamanje.

I-Ventura County Waterworks District, i-Moorpark Reclaimed Water Plant, e-Moorpark, eCalifornia

Cishe amalitha ayizigidi ezi-2.2 (cishe ama-8330m3) endle asuka kubasebenzisi abayizi-9,200 ageleza e-Moorpark Water Reclamation Facility nsuku zonke. Uhlelo lwesu lwango-2011-2016 lweSifundazwe sase-Ventura luchaze kabanzi “izindawo ezibalulekile” ezinhlanu, okuhlanganisa “imvelo, ukusetshenziswa komhlaba, nengqalasizinda”. Okulandelayo yizinjongo zamasu abalulekile kulo mkhakha othize: “Sebenzisa izindlela zokonga ugesi ezingabizi kakhulu kanye nokunciphisa ukungcola ngokusebenza okuzimele, ukuhlela kwesifunda, nokusebenzisana komphakathi/kwangasese.”

Ngo-2010, i-Ventura County Water District No. 1 ibambisane ne-AECOM ukuze iphenye izinhlelo ze-photovoltaic. NgoJulayi 2011, isifunda sathola isikhwama sokusebenza kwephrojekthi ye-photovoltaic engu-1.13 MW e-Moorpark Waste Reclamation Facility. Isifunda sesidlule ohlelweni olude lweSicelo Sesiphakamiso (RFP). Ekugcineni, ekuqaleni kuka-2012, i-RECSolar yanikezwa igunya lokuthi iphrojekthi iqale ukuklama nokwakhiwa kwesistimu ye-photovoltaic. Isistimu ye-photovoltaic yasetshenziswa ngoNovemba 2012 futhi yathola imvume yokusebenza okufanayo.

Uhlelo lwamanje lwe-solar photovoltaic lukwazi ukukhiqiza ugesi olinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-2.3 wama-kilowatt-amahora unyaka ngamunye, ongacishe ucishe u-80% kagesi othengwa isikhungo samanzi kugridi. Njengoba kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 9, uhlelo lokulandela umkhondo lwe-axis eyodwa lukhiqiza ugesi ongaphezu kwama-20% kunohlelo olujwayelekile lokutsheka okungaguquki, ngakho ukukhiqizwa kukagesi kukonke kwenziwe ngcono. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi uma i-eksisi isenyakatho-eningizimu futhi i-bit array isendaweni evulekile, uhlelo lokulandela i-axis olulodwa lusebenza kahle kakhulu. I-Mookpark Waste Recycling Plant isebenzisa indawo yokulima eseduze ukuze inikeze indawo engcono kakhulu yezinhlelo ze-photovoltaic. Isisekelo sohlelo lokulandela ngomkhondo sinqwabelene ogoqweni olubanzi lwe-flange ngaphansi komhlaba, okunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokwakha nesikhathi. Phakathi nawo wonke umjikelezo wempilo wephrojekthi, isifunda sizokonga cishe ama-US$4.5 wezigidi.

I-Camden County Municipal Public Utilities Administration, eNew Jersey

Ngo-2010, i-Camden County Municipal Utilities Authority (CCMUA) yazibekela umgomo oqinile wokusebenzisa amandla avuselelekayo angu-100% ashibhile kunogesi wendawo ukucubungula amalitha ayizigidi ezingu-60 akhiqizwa ngosuku (Cishe 220,000 m³) indle. I-CCMUA iyaqaphela ukuthi izinhlelo ze-solar photovoltaic zinamandla anjalo. Kodwa-ke, indawo yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile ye-CCMUA yakhiwe ikakhulukazi amathangi avulekile, futhi ama-solar avamile aphezu kophahla awakwazi ukwakha isikali esithile sokuhlinzeka ngamandla.

Ngaphandle kwalokhu, i-CCMUA isavuliwe ithenda. UMnu Helio Sage, owabamba iqhaza kuthenda, wabonisa inkolelo yakhe yokuthi ngokusebenzisa amanye amaphrojekthi angeziwe, uhlelo lwe-photovoltaic olufana negaraji lelanga lizosetshenziswa ngaphezu kwe-sedimentation tank evulekile. Njengoba iphrojekthi inengqondo kuphela uma i-CCMUA ingakwazi ukuzuza ukonga ugesi ngokushesha, ukuklanywa kohlelo akumele kube namandla kuphela, kodwa futhi kungabizi kakhulu.

NgoJulayi 2012, i-CCMUA Solar Centre yethula uhlelo lokukhiqiza amandla elanga angu-1.8 MW, oluhlanganisa amaphaneli elanga angaphezu kuka-7,200 futhi lumboze ichibi elivulekile lamahektha ayi-7. Ukusungulwa komklamo kulele ekufakweni kwesistimu ye-canopy engamamitha angu-8-9, engeke iphazamise ukusetshenziswa, ukusebenza noma ukulungiswa kwamanye amachibi emishini.

Isakhiwo se-solar photovoltaic siyi-anti-corrosion (amanzi anosawoti, i-carbonic acid ne-hydrogen sulfide) design, kanye ne-carport canopy eguquliwe eyenziwe ngu-Schletter (umnikezeli owaziwayo wezinhlelo zamabakaki we-photovoltaic, kuhlanganise ne-carports). Ngokwe-PPA, i-CCMUA ayinazo izindleko zezakhiwo futhi ayinasibopho sanoma yiziphi izindleko zokusebenza nezokulungisa. Ukuphela kwesibopho sezezimali se-CCMUA ukukhokha inani elinqunyiwe lamandla elanga iminyaka eyi-15. I-CCMUA ilinganisela ukuthi izokonga izigidi zamaRandi ezindlekweni zikagesi.

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi isistimu ye-solar photovoltaic izokhiqiza cishe amahora angama-kilowatt-amahora angu-2.2 (kWh) kagesi unyaka ngamunye, futhi ukusebenza okusekelwe kusizindalwazi esisebenzisanayo se-CCMUA kuzoba ngcono. Iwebhusayithi ibonisa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla amanje nanqwabelene kanye nezimfanelo zemvelo, futhi ikhombisa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kwamanje ngesikhathi sangempela, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi.

West Basin Municipal Water District, EI Segundo, California

I-West Basin Municipal Water District (West Basin Municipal Water District) iyisikhungo somphakathi esizinikele ekusunguleni izinto ezintsha kusukela ngo-1947, sihlinzeka ngamanzi okuphuza nawokubuyiselwa kabusha kumakhilomitha-skwele angu-186 entshonalanga yeLos Angeles. I-West Basin iyindawo yesithupha enkulu yamanzi eCalifornia, ekhonza abantu abacishe babe yisigidi.

Ngo-2006, i-West Basin yanquma ukufaka izinhlelo zokuphehla amandla elanga elanga ezikhungweni zayo zamanzi ezibuyiselwe, ngethemba lokuthola izinzuzo zesikhathi eside zezezimali nezemvelo. NgoNovemba 2006, i-Sun Power yasiza i-West Basin ukuthi ifake futhi iqedele uhlelo lwe-photovoltaic, olunamamojula angu-2,848 futhi lukhiqize ama-kilowatts angu-564 wamanje oqondile. Uhlelo lufakwe phezulu kwethangi lokugcina ukhonkolo ongaphansi komhlaba endaweni. Uhlelo lokuphehla amandla elanga e-West Basin lwe-solar photovoltaic lungakwazi ukukhiqiza cishe amahora angama-kilowatt angu-783,000 wamandla ahlanzekile avuselelekayo unyaka ngamunye, kuyilapho lwehlisa izindleko zezikhungo zomphakathi ngaphezu kwe-10%. Kusukela kwafakwa uhlelo lwe-photovoltaic ngo-2006, ukuphuma kwamandla okuqongelelayo kusukela ngoJanuwari 2014 bekungama-gigawatts (GWh) angu-5.97. Isithombe esingezansi sibonisa uhlelo lwe-photovoltaic eWest Basin.

Isifunda Samanzi sase-Rancho California, i-Santa Rosa Yabuyisela Isitshalo Samanzi, i-Murrieta, eCalifornia

Selokhu yasungulwa ngo-1965, i-Rancho California Water District (iSifunda Samanzi Sase-Rancho California, i-RCWD) ihlinzeke ngamanzi okuphuza, ukukhucululwa kwendle, kanye nezinsiza zokwelashwa zokuphinda zisetshenziswe kabusha ezindaweni ezingaphakathi kwebanga elingamakhilomitha-skwele angu-150. Indawo yesevisi yiTemecula/RanchoCalifornia, okuhlanganisa iTemecula City, izingxenye zeMurrieta City, nezinye izindawo eziseRiverside County.

I-RCWD inombono obheke phambili futhi izwela kakhulu imvelo kanye nezindleko zamasu. Bebhekene nokukhuphuka kwezindleko zesikhungo somphakathi kanye nezindleko zamandla zonyaka ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezi-5 zamadola aseMelika, babheke ukukhiqizwa kwamandla elanga njengenye indlela. Ngaphambi kokucabangela izinhlelo ze-solar photovoltaic, ibhodi labaqondisi be-RCWD lihlole uchungechunge lwezinketho zamandla avuselelekayo, okuhlanganisa amandla omoya, amachibi okugcina amapompo, njll.

NgoJanuwari 2007, iqhutshwa yi-California Solar Energy Program, i-RCWD yathola umklomelo wokusebenza kuphela ongu-$0.34 nge-kilowatt-hora kagesi phakathi neminyaka emihlanu ngaphansi kwamandla okusebenza komphakathi wendawo. I-RCWD isebenzisa i-PPA nge-SunPower, ngaphandle kwezindleko ezinkulu. I-RCWD idinga kuphela ukukhokhela ugesi okhiqizwa uhlelo lwe-photovoltaic. Uhlelo lwe-photovoltaic luxhaswe ngemali, luphethwe futhi luqhutshwa yi-SunPower.

Kusukela kwafakwa i-RCWD’s 1.1 MW DC photovoltaic system ngo-2009, le ndawo ibijabulela izinzuzo eziningi. Isibonelo, i-Santa Rosa Water Reclamation Facility (I-Santa Rosa Water Reclamation Facility) ingonga u-US$152,000 ezindlekweni ngonyaka, iqeda cishe u-30% wezidingo zamandla zesitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba i-RCWD ikhetha i-Renewable Energy Credits (RECs) ehlobene nesistimu yayo ye-photovoltaic, inganciphisa ngaphezu kwamakhilogremu ayizigidi ezingu-73 zokukhishwa kwekhabhoni eyingozi eminyakeni engu-30 ezayo, futhi ibe nomthelela omuhle emakethe emvelweni.

Uhlelo lwe-solar photovoltaic kulindeleke ukuthi longe imali efinyelela ku-6.8 million US dollar ezindlekweni zikagesi esifundeni eminyakeni engu-20 ezayo. Isistimu ye-solar photovoltaic efakwe esitshalweni se-RCWD i-Santa Rosa iyisistimu yokulandelela etshekile. Uma kuqhathaniswa nesistimu yokutsheka engaguquki yendabuko, izinga layo lokukhiqiza amandla lembuyiselo licishe libe ngama-25%. Ngakho-ke, kufana nesistimu ye-photovoltaic ye-axis eyodwa futhi ehleliwe Uma kuqhathaniswa nesistimu ye-tilt, ukuphumelela kwezindleko nakho kuthuthukisiwe kakhulu. Ukwengeza, uhlelo lokulandelela i-oblique ludinga indawo enkulu ukuze ugweme ukuvala umugqa wesithunzi ngomugqa, futhi kufanele uqondiswe emgqeni oqondile. Uhlelo lokulandelela i-oblique lunemikhawulo yalo. Ngokufana nesistimu yokulandelela i-axis eyodwa, kufanele yakhiwe endaweni evulekile futhi engavinjelwe unxande.