Amabhethri omakhalekhukhwini bakuqala ngeke ahlale isikhathi eside. Ubuchwepheshe obunika amandla omakhalekhukhwini besimanje busekelwe emisakazweni emidala yezindlela ezimbili eyayisetshenziswa ematekisini nasezimotweni zamaphoyisa ngeminyaka yawo-1940. Amaphoyisa aseSweden asebenzisa umakhalekhukhwini wokuqala ngo-1946. Le foni isebenzisa umsakazo futhi ingathola izingcingo eziyisithupha ngaphambi kokuphela kwebhethri. Ibhethri lokuqala elasetshenziswa ukusebenzisa umakhalekhukhwini empeleni kwakuyibhethri lemoto elixhunywe ngqo kumakhalekhukhwini, kunebhethri elihlukile elifana nomakhalekhukhwini banamuhla. Omakhalekhukhwini abaningi bakudala bangasetshenziswa ezimotweni kuphela ngoba badinga amandla amaningi ebhethri.

Ibhethri elincane elingasetshenziswa namuhla alikakasungulwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lawa maselula okuqala ayemakhulu kakhulu, esindayo futhi eningi. Ngokwesibonelo, u-Eriksson wayenomakhalekhukhwini ngeminyaka yawo-1950, onesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-80! Ekupheleni kweminyaka yawo-1960, omakhalekhukhwini abakhona bebengasebenza kuphela endaweni eyodwa yokushaya ucingo, futhi uma umsebenzisi eseyishiyile indawo yocingo ebangeni elithile, Ngeke kusebenze. Unjiniyela eBell Labs wasungula lobu buchwepheshe ngeminyaka yawo-1970.

Ngenkathi i-prototype yeselula yokuqala yesimanje ivela ngo-1973, yayikwazi ukusebenza ngokuzimela futhi isebenze ezindaweni eziningi zezingcingo. Lawa mafoni abukeka njengamafoni amancane anemfashini namafoni ahlakaniphile esinawo namuhla, futhi angasebenza imizuzu engama-30 kuphela ngaphandle kokushaja ibhethri yefoni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lawa mabhethri empilo emfushane adinga amahora angu-10 agcwele ukuze ashaje! Ngokuphambene, omakhalekhukhwini banamuhla bangashajwa ngogesi wasekhaya, indawo yokushaja imoto, noma ngisho ne-USB emizuzwini embalwa.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, omakhalekhukhwini baye bashintsha futhi bathuthuka.

Ngawo-1980, amafoni omakhalekhukhwini aqala ukuthandwa kakhulu futhi asebenzayo, kodwa asabalulekile ezimotweni ngenxa yesidingo esikhulu samabhethri kumamodeli okuqala. Bambalwa abantu abangazikhipha emotweni, ngakho igama elithi ifoni yemoto livame ukusetshenziswa ukuchaza le mishini. Ezinye zingaphathwa ngesikhwama futhi zingafakwa amabhethri amakhulu adingekayo omakhalekhukhwini.

Ngawo-1990, omakhalekhukhwini namabhethri kwaba kuncane futhi kwaba mancane, futhi amanethiwekhi awasebenzisayo aba ngcono. Amasistimu ocingo afana ne-GSM, TDMA, ne-CDMA avele. Ngo-1991, amanethiwekhi ocingo edijithali aze avela e-United States naseYurophu. Lawa mafoni ungaphathwa nawe, futhi intuthuko ekwenziweni kwamabhethri amancane nama-computer chips iwenze abe nesisindo esiphakathi kuka-100 no-200 amagremu, okuwusayizi wesitini noma isikhwama esinesisindo esingamaphawundi angu-20 kuya kwangu-80 eminyakeni edlule. Ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu kwebhethri leselula.

Amafoni ahlakaniphile aguqule omakhalekhukhwini besimanje

Ngokushesha phambili ku-2018, cishe wonke umuntu une-smartphone. Uma kuqhathaniswa nesizukulwane sokuqala samaselula ngeminyaka yawo-1950, ama-smartphones afana nezinto eziku-Star Trek! Ungashayela abangani, ujabulele izingxoxo zevidiyo, ulande umculo owuthandayo, uthumele imilayezo yombhalo, futhi ubhukhe isidlo sakusihlwa Oda izimbali noshokoledi wosuku lwakho ngesikhathi esifanayo. Kusukela kumabhethri omakhalekhukhwini kuya kumabhethri emoto, amabhethri nawo asehambe ibanga elide. Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule, kuye kwavela izinhlobo eziningana zamabhethri omakhalekhukhwini.

Ibhethri leselula le-Ni-Cd

Ngeminyaka yawo-1980 kanye nawo-1990s, amabhethri e-nickel-cadmium noma amabhethri e-nickel-cadmium bekungamabhethri okuzikhethela. Inkinga enkulu ukuthi ziningi, okwenza ifoni ibe nkulu futhi ibe nkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemva kokuwakhokhisa izikhathi ezimbalwa, azokwakha okuthiwa umphumela wenkumbulo, futhi awahlali eshajile njalo. Lokhu kuholela ebhethrini likamakhalekhukhwini elifile, okusho ukuchitha imali eningi ukuthenga amafoni amaningi. Lawa mabhethri aphinde abe nokuthambekela kokukhiqiza ukushisa, okungabangela ukuphazamiseka, futhi enye yezingxenye zebhethri i-cadmium, enobuthi futhi okufanele ilahlwe ngemva kokuba ibhethri seliphelile.

Amabhethri e-NiMH

Umjikelezo olandelayo wamabhethri omakhalekhukhwini, i-Ni-MH, owaziwa nangokuthi i-Ni-MH, waqala ukusetshenziswa ngasekupheleni kwawo-1990. Azinabo ubuthi futhi zinomthelela omncane enkumbulo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo lwebhethri luncane futhi lulula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banganciphisa isikhathi sokushaja futhi bavumele abasebenzisi ukuthi balule isikhathi sokukhuluma ngaphambi kokufa

Okulandelayo yibhethri ye-lithium. Zisasetshenziswa nanamuhla. Mancane, alula, futhi aphila isikhathi eside. Isikhathi sokushaja sifushane. Zingenziwa zibe yizimo nosayizi abaningi abahlukene ukuze zilingane izitayela ezahlukene zomakhalekhukhwini, ngakho noma iyiphi inkampani ingazisebenzisa kumakhalekhukhwini wayo. Asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka ngomphumela wenkumbulo, ngakho-ke zingashajwa izikhathi eziningi futhi ziphephile endaweni ezungezile. Nokho, zibiza kakhulu kunamamodeli amadala amabhethri.

lithium battery

Ukuthuthukiswa kwakamuva kwamabhethri omakhalekhukhwini Isithonjana se-lithium polymer, esinamandla angaphezu kwama-40% kunebhethri ye-Ni-MH endala. Akhanya kakhulu futhi azikho izinkinga zenkumbulo eziholela ezinkingeni zokushaja. Kodwa-ke, lawa mabhethri awakasetshenziswa kabanzi, futhi aseyivelakancane.

Ngamafuphi, ubuchwepheshe beselula nebhethri buye benza intuthuko enkulu ngesikhathi esifushane. 1. Isekhethi yokuvikela ibhethri iphukile noma ayikho isekethe yokuvikela: Lesi simo sivame ukwenzeka ebhethri elikhiphekayo likamakhalekhukhwini. Abantu abaningi bathanda ukuthenga ibhethri eshibhile kunebhethri yokuqala, futhi lawa mabhethri avamise ukunqamula amakhona ukuze kwandiswe inzuzo empintshayo. Isekhethi yokuvikela ngokwayo ijwayele ukuba nezinkinga nokuvuvukala kwebhethri. Thatha ibhethri ye-lithium njengesibonelo. Ibhethri liyakhukhumala ngokwanele ukuthi lingaqhuma.

2. Ukusebenza kabi kweshaja: izinkinga zebhethri ezibangelwa ishaja kufanele kube yizona ezivame kakhulu. Ezimweni eziningi, abasebenzisi bangase bangabi nandaba kangako nokukhethwa kweshaja yomakhalekhukhwini, futhi ngokuvamile basebenzisa ishaja ukushaja. Lawa mashaja angase abe amashaja ashibhile athengiswa emgwaqeni ngaphandle kwesistimu yesekethe yokuvikela ephelele, noma angaba amashaja omkhiqizo wamathebulethi asekhaya. Umsinga wokushaja kungenzeka ube mkhulu. Inkinga yokushaja ngezikhathi ezithile ayinkulu, kodwa uma iyinde Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, maningi amathuba okuthi ibhethri livuvukale.

Ikakhulukazi, abanye abasebenzisi bathanda ukudlala ngenkathi beshaja. Le foni ephathekayo isendaweni yokushisa ephezulu isikhathi eside. Ukushaja okuntantayo okuqhubekayo ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu kuzodala ukusabela kwe-electrolyte. Ukwenza kanjalo isikhathi eside kuzothinta impilo yebhethri futhi kubangele kalula izinkinga ngokunwetshwa.

3. Ifoni ephathekayo ayisetshenziswa isikhathi eside: Uma ifoni ephathekayo ingasetshenziswa isikhathi eside, kuzoba nezinkinga ngokunwetshwa kwebhethri. Lokhu kungenxa yokugcinwa kwebhethri isikhathi eside, i-voltage yehla ngaphansi kwe-2v, ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kwenzeka, futhi kukhona isigubhu segesi ngaphakathi kwebhethri ye-lithium, nayo eningi Abangane bavame ukuthola isizathu sokuvuvukala kwebhethri. ibhethri lomakhalekhukhwini lapho uqaqa iselula endala. Ngakho-ke uma ufuna ukugcina ibhethri isikhathi eside, indlela enokwethenjelwa kakhulu ukuyishaja isesimweni sokushajwa uhhafu njalo.

Indlela yokuvimbela izinkinga

Ngokuvamile sisebenzisa izinhlobo ezimbili zamabhethri e-lithium, i-lithium ion polymer namabhethri e-lithium. Owokuqala awunawo i-electrolyte. Inkinga ukuthi iqala ukuvuvukala. Ukuqhumisa igobolondo kuzovutha futhi ngeke kuqhume kungazelelwe. Inezinga elithile lokuqapha futhi iphephe kakhudlwana. Lapho sinenketho, sizozama ukuthenga lawa mabhethri.

Kubasebenzisi, kungcono ukusebenzisa umakhalekhukhwini ukushaja ngokuqondile ukushaja kwansuku zonke (ngisho noma ibhethri likhipheka), futhi usebenzise ishaja yasekuqaleni ukushaja. Zama ukugwema ukusebenzisa amashaja ezinkampani zangaphandle noma ukushaja kwendawo yonke (amabhethri akhiphekayo). Ungazami ukuthenga amabhethri ahambisanayo enkampani yangaphandle ngentengo ephansi (angakhishwa), futhi uzame ukungadlali imidlalo emikhulu noma ukusebenzisa izinhlelo ezenza ifoni yakho ishise ngenkathi ishaja.