Isinyathelo sokugcina ekukhiqizweni kwebhethri ye-lithium ukubeka ibanga nokuhlola ibhethri ye-lithium ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana kwemojuli yebhethri nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwemojuli yebhethri. Njengoba kwaziwa yibo bonke, amamojula akhiwe ngamabhethri anokungaguquguquki okuphezulu anempilo ende yesevisi, kuyilapho amamojula anokungaguquguquki kahle ajwayele ukushajwa kakhulu futhi aphume ngokweqile ngenxa yomphumela webhakede, futhi ukuphila kwebhethri kwawo kuyancipha kuyashesha. Isibonelo, amandla ebhethri ahlukene angabangela ukujula kokukhipha okuhlukile kweyunithi yezinhlamvu yebhethri ngayinye. Amabhethri anamandla amancane nokusebenza kabi azofinyelela esimweni sokushajwa ngokugcwele kusenesikhathi. Ngenxa yalokho, amabhethri anomthamo omkhulu nokusebenza kahle awakwazi ukufinyelela esimweni sokushajwa esigcwele. Amandla kagesi ebhethri angahambisani enza ukuthi ibhethri ngalinye entanjeni ehambisanayo lishaje elinye. Ibhethri elinamandla kagesi aphezulu lishaja ibhethri nge-voltage ephansi, esheshisa ukuwohloka kokusebenza kwebhethri futhi idle amandla ayo yonke intambo yebhethri. Ibhethri elinezinga eliphezulu lokuzikhulula linokulahlekelwa umthamo omkhulu. Amazinga okuzikhipha angahambelani adala umehluko esimweni sokushajwa namandla omthamo wamabhethri, okuthinta ukusebenza kwezintambo zebhethri. Futhi ngakho-ke lo mehluko webhethri, ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kuzothinta impilo yemojuli yonke.

Isithombe

I-FIG. I-1.OCV- i-voltage yokusebenza – idayagramu ye-polarization voltage

Ukuhlukaniswa kwebhethri nokuhlolwa ukugwema ukukhipha amabhethri angahambisani ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwebhethri nokuhlola ukuzikhipha ngokwakho kuyadingeka. Ngokuvamile, ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwebhethri kuhlukaniswe nge-ohm ukumelana kwangaphakathi kanye ne-polarization yangaphakathi ukumelana. Ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwe-Ohm kuqukethe izinto ze-electrode, i-electrolyte, ukumelana ne-diaphragm kanye nokumelana nokuxhumana kwengxenye ngayinye, kufaka phakathi impedance ye-elekthronikhi, i-ionic impedance kanye ne-impedance yokuxhumana. Ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwe-polarization kubhekisela ekuphikiseni okubangelwa i-polarization ngesikhathi sokuphendula kwe-electrochemical, okuhlanganisa ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwe-electrochemical polarization kanye ne-concentration polarization ukumelana kwangaphakathi. Ukumelana ne-ohmic kwebhethri kunqunywa ukuguquguquka okuphelele kwebhethri, futhi ukumelana ne-polarization kwebhethri kunqunywa i-coefficient yesigaba esiqinile sokusabalalisa se-lithium ion kwinto esebenzayo ye-electrode. Ngokuvamile, ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwamabhethri e-lithium akunakuhlukaniswa nenqubo yokuklama, impahla ngokwayo, imvelo kanye nezinye izici, ezizohlaziywa futhi zihunyushwe ngezansi.

Okokuqala, inqubo design

(1) Ukwakhiwa kwama-electrode okuhle nokubi kunokuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-ejenti eqhubayo, okuholela ekuvinjweni okukhulu kokudluliselwa kwe-elekthronikhi phakathi kwezinto ezibonakalayo nomqoqi, okungukuthi, i-impedance ephezulu ye-elekthronikhi. Amabhethri e-lithium ashisa ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kunqunywa ukuklama kwebhethri, isibonelo, ibhethri yamandla ukucabangela ukusebenza kwezinga, idinga ingxenye ephezulu ye-ejenti eqhubayo, efanelekile ukushaja kwesilinganiso esikhulu nokukhipha. Umthamo webhethri ungumthamo owengeziwe, ingxenye yempahla ephozithivu nenegethivu izoba phezulu kancane. Lezi zinqumo zenziwa ekuqaleni kokwakheka kwebhethri futhi azikwazi ukushintshwa kalula.

(2) kune-binder eningi kakhulu kufomula ye-electrode eqondile nengalungile. I-binder ngokuvamile iwumsebenzi we-polymer (i-PVDF, i-SBR, i-CMC, njll.) esebenza ngokuqinile kokwahlukanisa. Nakuba ingxenye ephakeme ye-binder esilinganisweni sangempela inenzuzo ukuthuthukisa amandla okuhlubula ama-pole, ayibi kubi ukumelana kwangaphakathi. Ekwakhekeni kwebhethri ukuxhumanisa ubudlelwano phakathi kwesilinganiso se-binder ne-binder, esizogxila ekuhlakazweni kwe-binder, okungukuthi, inqubo yokulungiselela udaka, ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhlakazwa kwe-binder.

(3) Izithako azihlakazwanga ngokulinganayo, i-agent conductive ayihlakazwanga ngokugcwele, futhi isakhiwo esihle senethiwekhi ye-conductive asenziwa. Njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 2, u-A uyindaba yokuhlakazwa kahle kwe-ejenti yokuqhuba, futhi u-B uyindaba yokuhlakazeka okuhle. Lapho inani le-ejenti eqhubayo lifana, ukuguqulwa kwenqubo yokunyakazisa kuzothinta ukuhlakazeka kwe-ejenti eqhubayo kanye nokumelana kwangaphakathi kwebhethri.

Umfanekiso 2. Ukuhlakazwa okungekuhle kwe-ejenti eqhubayo (A) Ukuhlakazwa okufanayo kwe-ejenti yokuhambisa (B)

(4) I-binder ayincibiliki ngokuphelele, futhi ezinye izinhlayiya ze-micelle zikhona, okuholela ekumelaneni okuphezulu kwangaphakathi kwebhethri. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuxuba okomile, ukuxuba okomile noma inqubo yokuxuba okumanzi, kuyadingeka ukuthi i-binder powder ichithwe ngokuphelele. Asikwazi ukuphishekela ukusebenza kahle kakhulu futhi sizibe imfuneko yenhloso yokuthi isibophezelo sidinga isikhathi esithile ukuze sihlakazwe ngokugcwele.

(5) Ukuminyana kwe-electrode compaction kuzothinta ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwebhethri. I-compact density ye-electrode plate incane, futhi i-porosity phakathi kwezinhlayiya ngaphakathi kwepuleti ye-electrode iphezulu, engahambisani nokudluliswa kwama-electron, futhi ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwebhethri kuphezulu. Uma ishidi le-electrode lihlanganiswe kakhulu, izinhlayiya ze-electrode powder zingase zigaywe ngokweqile, futhi indlela yokudlulisela i-electron iba yinde ngemva kokuchotshozwa, okungahambisani nokushaja nokukhipha ukusebenza kwebhethri. Kubalulekile ukukhetha ukuqina kokuqina okulungile.

(6) I-welding embi phakathi kwe-electrode lug enhle nengalungile kanye nomqoqi we-fluid, i-virtual welding, ukumelana nebhethri ephezulu. Imingcele ye-welding efanele kufanele ikhethwe ngesikhathi sokushisela, futhi imingcele ye-welding efana namandla okushisela, i-amplitude kanye nesikhathi kufanele kuthuthukiswe nge-DOE, futhi izinga lokushisela kufanele lihlulelwe ngamandla we-welding nokubukeka.

(7) ukujikajika okungalungile noma i-lamination engalungile, igebe phakathi kwe-diaphragm, ipuleti eliqondile nepuleti elingalungile likhulu, futhi i-ion impedance inkulu.

(8) I-electrolyte yebhethri ayingenwa ngokugcwele kuma-electrode kanye ne-diaphragm ephozithivu nenegethivu, futhi imvume yokuklama i-electrolyte ayanele, okuzophinde kuholele ekubambeni okukhulu kwe-ionic yebhethri.

(9) Inqubo yokwakheka impofu, i-graphite anode surface SEI ayizinzile, ithinta ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwebhethri.

(10) Okunye, njengokungapakishwa kahle, ukushisela okungalungile kwezindlebe ze-pole, ukuvuza kwebhethri nokuqukethwe okuphezulu komswakama, kunomthelela omkhulu ekuphikisweni kwangaphakathi kwamabhethri e-lithium.

Okwesibili, izinto zokwakha

(1) Ukumelana nezinto ze-anode ne-anode kukhulu.

(2) Ithonya lezinto ezibonakalayo ze-diaphragm. Njengokuqina kwe-diaphragm, usayizi we-porosity, usayizi we-pore nokunye. Ukuqina kuhlobene nokuphikiswa kwangaphakathi, ukuncishiswa kokumelana kwangaphakathi kuncane, ukuze kuzuzwe ukushaja kwamandla aphezulu nokukhishwa. Njengoba kuncane ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphansi kwamandla athile emishini, ukushuba kwamandla okubhoboza kuba ngcono. Ubukhulu bembotshana kanye nosayizi wembotshana we-diaphragm kuhlobene nokuphazamiseka kokuthuthwa kwe-ion. Uma usayizi we-pore mncane kakhulu, uzokwandisa i-ion impedance. Uma usayizi we-pore mkhulu kakhulu, angeke akwazi ukuhlukanisa ngokuphelele impushana enhle nebi, ezoholela kalula kumjikelezo omfushane noma ibhoboze i-lithium dendrite.

(3) Ithonya lezinto ze-electrolyte. I-ionic conductivity kanye ne-viscosity ye-electrolyte ihlobene ne-ionic impedance. Uma kukhulu ukuvikeleka kokudluliselwa kwe-ionic, kukhulu ukumelana nebhethri kwangaphakathi, kanye nokubonakala kubucayi kakhulu enqubweni yokushaja nokukhipha.

(4) Ithonya lempahla ye-PVDF enhle. Ingxenye ephezulu ye-PVDF noma isisindo esiphezulu samangqamuzana nayo izoholela ekuphikisweni okuphezulu kwangaphakathi kwebhethri ye-lithium.

(5) Ithonya lezinto ezinhle zokuqhuba. Ukukhethwa kohlobo lwe-ejenti yokuqhuba nakho kuyisihluthulelo, njenge-SP, KS, i-graphite conductive, i-CNT, i-graphene, njll., ngenxa ye-morphology ehlukene, ukusebenza kwe-conductivity yebhethri ye-lithium kuhluke kakhulu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha i-ejenti conductive ene-conductivity ephezulu futhi ifanele ukusetshenziswa.

(6) ithonya lezinto eziwusizo nezingezinhle zezindlebe zesigxobo. Ubukhulu bendlebe yesigxobo buncane, i-conductivity impofu, ukuhlanzeka kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo akuphakeme, i-conductivity impofu, futhi ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwebhethri kuphezulu.

(7) i-foil yethusi ifakwe i-oxidized futhi ishiselwe kabi, futhi impahla ye-aluminium foil ine-conductivity engalungile noma i-oxide ebusweni, okuzoholela ekuqineni okukhulu kwangaphakathi kwebhethri.

Isithombe

Ezinye izici

(1) Ukuchezuka kwethuluzi lokuhlola ukumelana kwangaphakathi. Ithuluzi kufanele lihlolwe njalo ukuze kuvinjelwe imiphumela yokuhlolwa engalungile ebangelwa ithuluzi elingalungile.

(2) Ukumelana nebhethri okungavamile okubangelwa ukusebenza okungalungile.

(3) Indawo yokukhiqiza engalungile, njengokulawula okuxekethile kothuli nomswakama. Uthuli workshop idlula indinganiso, kuzoholela ekwandeni ukumelana kwangaphakathi ibhethri, self-ukukhipha kubhebhetheke. Umswakama wokusebenzela uphezulu, uzophinde ube yingozi ekusebenzeni kwebhethri ye-lithium.