Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sebhethri: umthamo omkhulu

Sibheke ngabomvu inkathi entsha yokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwamandla ahlanzekile. Esigcawini esiyisakhiwo sodumo sale nkathi, umuntu angabona izimoto ezintsha njengezimoto zikagesi zikaTesla zishayela phansi emigwaqweni, ezinganikwa amandla kaphethiloli kodwa ngamabhethri e-lithium ashajwe ngokugcwele. Amagalaji kaphethiloli asendleleni azothathelwa indawo yiziteshi zokushaja. Izindaba zakamuva ukuthi idolobha laseShanghai manje selimemezele inqubomgomo yamahhala yezimoto zikagesi zakwaTesla futhi lisekela ukukhiqizwa kwazo okusheshayo kwamashaja amakhulu eChina.

Kodwa ikusasa eliqhakazile lingase lifiphazwe yiqiniso lokuthi amabhethri emoto kagesi awahlukile kangako kumabhethri omakhalekhukhwini. Abasebenzisi bamaselula bavame ukukhathazeka ngempilo yebhethri. Izingcingo zabantu abaningi zisuke zigcwele ekuseni, kuthi uma sekuntambama kube nesidingo sokuthi uwashaje kanye ngosuku. Amakhompyutha aphathekayo anenkinga efanayo futhi angaphelelwa ijusi esikhathini esingangehora. Kungabatshazwa ukusetshenziswa kwezimoto zikagesi ngoba azihambi ibanga elide uma zishayisa futhi zidinga ukushajwa njalo. Imodeli kaTesla okwamanje iyona kuphela imoto kagesi emakethe, okuyinto emangalisayo. IModel iyona edonsa amehlo kakhulu, ibanga elingamakhilomitha angu-480 ngeshaji elilodwa.

Kungani amabhethri engahlali? Inani lamandla into engawagcina endaweni ethile libizwa ngokuthi ukuminyana kwamandla. Ukuminyana kwamandla ebhethri kuphansi. Ngokwamandla akhiqizwa ikhilogremu ngayinye, singasebenzisa amamegajoule angu-50 kaphethiloli ngosuku, kuyilapho amabhethri e-lithium enesilinganiso esingaphansi kwe-megajoule eyi-1. Ezinye izinhlobo zamabhethri nazo zizulazula kumazinga aphansi kakhulu. Ngokusobala, asikwazi ukwenza ibhethri lingapheli; Ukuze sikhulise umthamo webhethri, singagxila kuphela ekuthuthukiseni ukuminyana kwamandla ebhethri, kodwa kunobunzima obuningi. Yibuphi ubunzima ngalobu buchwepheshe? Intatheli ixoxisane no-Liu Run, uprofesa wesayensi yamakhemikhali eNyuvesi yaseZhejiang, futhi yahlaziya imfihlakalo yesakhiwo sangaphakathi sebhethri ye-lithium evame ukusetshenziswa (ibhethri ye-lithium ngamafuphi).

Ama-Electrolyte abaluleke kakhulu

Ngenxa yokudluliselwa kwama-electron, ibhethri linganikeza amandla. Uma ibhethri lixhunywe kwisekhethi, iswishi iyacisha futhi intambo ivuliwe. Kuleli qophelo, ama-electron aphuma kutheminali eyinegethivu futhi ageleze kumjikelezo aye kutheminali ephozithivu. Kule nqubo, izinto zikagesi zizogcina ifoni yakho isebenza, njengokushayela imoto kagesi yakwaTesla.

Ama-electron kumabhethri e-lithium ahlinzekwa yi-lithium. Uma ugcwalisa ibhethri nge-lithium, ukuminyana kwamandla akunyuki? Ngeshwa, ukuze ibhethri ye-lithium iphinde ishajwe, ukwakheka kwayo kwangaphakathi kufanele kuhlolwe ngokwemiyezo yayo ethile yamandla. U-Liu uveze ukuthi ukwakheka kwangaphakathi kwamabhethri e-lithium kuqukethe ama-electrolyte, idatha engalungile, idatha eqondile kanye nezikhala, ngayinye enenqubo yayo ekhethekile, idlala indima eyingqayizivele futhi ibalulekile. Lesi sakhiwo sikhawulela ukuminyana kwamandla amabhethri e-lithium-ion.

Esokuqala ama-electrolyte, okungamapayipi abalulekile kumabhethri. Lapho ibhethri liphuma, ama-athomu e-lithium alahlekelwa ama-electron abe yi-lithium ion, futhi lapho eshajwa, kufanele agijime esuka kolunye uhlangothi lwebhethri aye komunye aphinde abuyele emuva. Kusho uLiu. I-electrolyte igcina ama-ion e-lithium, ezigxotsheni ezisenyakatho naseningizimu yebhethri, ukhiye wokuhamba ngebhayisikili okuqhubekayo. Ama-electrolyte afana nemifula, i-lithium ion ifana nezinhlanzi. Uma umfula womile futhi izinhlanzi zingakwazi ukufinyelela ngaphesheya, amabhethri e-lithium ngeke asebenze kahle.

Ubuhle be-electrolyte ukuthi ithwala kuphela i-lithium ion, hhayi ama-electron, iqinisekisa ukuthi ibhethri liphuma kuphela lapho isekethe ixhunyiwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-lithium ion, ngokusho kwe-electrolyte, ihamba ngendlela ehlelekile futhi echazwe kahle, ngakho-ke ama-electron ahlala ehamba ngendlela eyodwa, enza okwamanje.

Izigxobo ezizinzile nezingezinhle

Ama-Electrolyte awanikezi amandla, kodwa ayasinda futhi abalulekile kumabhethri e-lithium-ion. Ngakho-ke kungani ingekho idatha engalungile esekelwe ku-graphite? I-graphite, into esetshenziselwa ukwenza umkhondo wepensela, ayinasibopho sokuhlinzeka ngama-electron. ‘Lokhu okokuqinisekisa ukuthi isikhathi sokushaja silungile,’ kusho uMnu. Liu.