Fumana 70% katleho e ncha ka metsotso e seng mekae

Libetri tsa lithium ke lihlahisoa tse tloaelehileng tsa elektronike tse seng li sebelisoa ka mehala ea cellular, lik’homphieutha tsa libuka le likoloi tsa motlakase. Empa libeteri tsa lithium li boetse li tsejoa ka bophelo ba bona bo bolelele le bophelo bo bokhutšoanyane. Haufinyane tjena, sehlopha se tsoang Singapore’s Nanyang Technological University (Nanyang Technological University) se hlahisitse mofuta o mocha oa lebelo. Betri ena e ka tjhajoa ka botlalo ka 70% ea matla ka metsotso e ‘meli mme e ka sebelisoa lilemo tse 20, e leng nako e telele ea 10 ho feta betri ka nako eo.

Libetri tsa lithium li entsoe haholo ka tlhaiso-leseling e nepahetseng ea elektrode (joalo ka lithium cobalt oxygen), electrolyte le tlhahisoleseling e mpe ea elektrode (joalo ka graphite). Nakong ea ts’ebetso ea ho tjhaja, li-ion tsa lithium li theoha ho tloha ho lithium cobalt-oxygen lattice ea anode ‘me li kenngoa ka har’a graphite ea flake ka electrolyte. Nakong ea ts’ebetso ea ho ntša, li-ion tsa lithium li baleha letlapeng la graphite la flake ‘me li kenngoa ka har’a lithium cobalt oksijene ka electrolyte. Libetri tsa lithium li boetse li bitsoa li-betri tsa rocking chair hobane li fetela pele le morao pakeng tsa li-electrode tse ntle le tse mpe nakong ea ho tjhaja le ho ntša. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, bo-rasaense ba ‘nile ba hlahisa mefuta e mecha ea libeteri tsa lithium, haholo-holo matla a maholo a lithium-sulfur libeteri, libeteri tsa lithium-oksijene le libeteri tsa nano-silicon, empa ka lebaka la ho hlophisoa ha tsona, litšenyehelo tse phahameng, le bophelo bo khutšoanyane ba tšebeletso, liphello tse ngata. ha li so phahamisoe.

Libetri tsa setso tsa lithium ha li khone ho qosoa ka potlako, haholo-holo ka lebaka la litšobotsi tsa tšireletso tsa li-electrode tsa graphite. Ha betri e sebetsa, lesela le tiileng la electrolyte le thehoa holim’a electrode, e tla thibela mehato ea li-ion tsa lithium le ho fokotsa lebelo la tsona. Ntho e ikhethang ea mofuta ona o mocha oa betri ea lithium ke hore e sebelisa gel ea ultra-long titanium dioxide nanotube e le cathode ho e-na le lisebelisoa tsa setso tsa graphite. Boitsebiso bona bo bocha ha bo etse lesela la electrolyte, ‘me li-ion tsa lithium li ka kenngoa ka potlako, kahoo li finyella ho tjhaja ka potlako. Ka lebaka la sebopeho se ikhethileng sa nanogel ea titanium dioxide e le ‘ngoe, betri e ncha e fihletse katleho ho latela bophelo ba ts’ebeletso, e ka sebelisoang hape ka makhetlo a mashome a likete. Ka litšenyehelo tsa letsatsi, e ka sebelisoa ka lilemo tse fetang 20. Ho feta moo, titanium dioxide (eo hangata e tsejoang e le titanium dioxide) e sebelisitsoeng thutong ena e na le litšenyehelo tse tlaase, ho sebetsa habonolo, ho pheta-pheta hantle, ho tšepahala ho phahameng, ‘me e ka hokahanngoa ka mokhoa o se nang moeli le theknoloji e teng, ‘me tebello ea ts’ebeliso ea eona ea indasteri e pharaletseng haholo.

Libetri tsa lithium li ile tsa tsoa ka bo-1970. Ka 1991, Sony e ile ea hlahisa libeteri tsa pele tsa khoebo tsa lithium, tse ileng tsa fetola lisebelisoa tsa elektronike tsa bareki. Le hoja libeteri tsa lithium li ‘nile tsa sebelisoa haholo, bophelo ba bona ba betri le bophelo ba tšebeletso ha bo e-s’o fihlele katleho e sebetsang, e leng ho thibelang tsoelo-pele e potlakileng ea likoloi tsa motlakase le liindasteri tse ling. Katleho ena e ncha e ka ba le litlamorao tse fapaneng libakeng tse ngata. Lisebelisoa tsa cellular, libeteri tse ncha li ka thibela tšireletso e tlamang ea lisebelisoa tse itseng tsa elektroniki. Indasteri ea likoloi tsa motlakase le eona e tla rua molemo haholo, eseng feela hobane nako ea ho tjhaja e ka fokotsoa ho tloha lihora tse ‘maloa ho isa metsotsong e seng mekae, empa hape hobane basebelisi ba ke ke ba tlameha ho fetola libeteri tse theko e boima (tse bitsang $10,000) ho ntšetsa pele melemo ea likoloi tsa motlakase.

Leha ho le joalo, ka nako ena, nts’etsopele ea libeteri tsa lithium e tobane le bothata: haeba u batla ho eketsa bokhoni, u tlameha ho tela lebelo la ho tjhaja le bophelo ba potoloho, e leng ho leng thata ho boloka matla a phahameng. Nakong e tlang, ho nkela libeteri sebaka, ka lehlakoreng le leng, hoa hlokahala ho ntšetsa pele lipatlisiso mabapi le likarolo tsa polokeho tse kang li-electrolyte tse tiileng le tse tiileng, ka lehlakoreng le leng, hoa hlokahala ho potlakisa lipatlisiso le nts’etsopele ea matla a maholo. data ea cathode ho fihlela katleho ea matla a matla a betri ea lithium. Ka kakaretso, li-electrode tse ntle le tse mpe le data ea electrolyte ea betri li tlameha ho sebetsa ‘moho ho etsa tsoelo-pele e kholo ho latela sebopeho le bokhoni.