Shaja i-70% yempumelelo entsha kwimizuzu embalwa

Iibhetri zeLithium ziimveliso zombane eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa ngoku kwiifowuni eziphathwayo, iikhompyutha zamanqaku kunye neemoto zombane. Kodwa iibhetri ze-lithium ziyaziwa ngobomi babo obude kunye nobomi obufutshane. Kutshanje, iqela elivela kwiYunivesithi yaseNanyang Technological yaseSingapore (iYunivesithi yaseNanyang Technological) iphuhlise uhlobo olutsha lokuzila. Le bhetri inokuhlawulwa ngokupheleleyo nge-70% yamandla kwimizuzu emibini kwaye ingasetyenziselwa iminyaka eyi-20, eyi-10 ixesha elide kunebhetri ngelo xesha.

Iibhetri ze-lithium zibandakanya ulwazi oluchanekileyo lwe-electrode (njenge-lithium cobalt oxygen), i-electrolyte kunye nolwazi olubi lwe-electrode (njenge-graphite). Ngethuba lenkqubo yokutshaja, i-lithium ion iphuma kwi-lithium cobalt-oxygen lattice ye-anode kwaye ifakwe kwi-flake graphite nge-electrolyte. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokukhupha, i-lithium ion ibalekela kwi-flake graphite lattice kwaye ifakwe kwi-lithium cobalt oksijini nge-electrolyte. Iibhetri zeLithium zikwabizwa ngokuba ziibhetri zesitulo sokugungqa ngenxa yokuba zigqithisela ngapha nangapha phakathi kwee-electrode ezilungileyo nezingalunganga ngexesha lokutshaja nokukhupha. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izazinzulu ziye zavelisa iintlobo ezintsha zeebhetri ze-lithium, ngokukodwa iibhetri ze-lithium-sulfur ezinkulu, iibhetri ze-lithium-oksijini kunye neebhetri ze-nano-silicon, kodwa ngenxa yokubunjwa kwazo, iindleko eziphezulu kunye nobomi obufutshane benkonzo, iziphumo ezininzi. abakhange banyuselwe.

Iibhetri ze-lithium zendabuko azikwazi ukuhlawuliswa ngokukhawuleza, ngokukodwa ngenxa yeempawu zokhuseleko lwe-electrode yegraphite. Xa ibhetri isebenza, i-membrane ye-electrolyte eqinile yenziwa phezu kwendawo ye-electrode, eya kuthintela ukunyathela kwe-lithium ion kunye nokucotha isantya sabo. Isici esahlukileyo solu hlobo olutsha lwebhetri ye-lithium kukuba isebenzisa i-ultra-long titanium dioxide i-nanotube gel njenge-cathode endaweni yezinto ze-graphite zendabuko. Le nto entsha ayifaki i-membrane ye-electrolyte, kwaye i-lithium ion inokufakwa ngokukhawuleza, ngaloo ndlela ifezekise ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza. Ngenxa yesakhiwo esikhethekileyo se-titanium dioxide ye-nanogel ene-dimensional, ibhetri entsha iphumelele ukuphumelela ngokubhekiselele kubomi benkonzo, enokuthi isetyenziswe kwakhona amashumi amawaka amaxesha. Ngexabiso lemini, ingasetyenziselwa iminyaka engaphezu kwama-20. Ukongeza, i-titanium dioxide (eyaziwa ngokuba yi-titanium dioxide) esetyenziswe kolu phando ineendleko eziphantsi, ukusetyenzwa okulula, ukuphindaphinda okulungileyo, ukuthembeka okuphezulu, kwaye inokudityaniswa ngokungenamthungo kunye nobuchwepheshe obukhoyo, kwaye amathuba okusebenza kwawo kwezoshishino abanzi kakhulu.

Iibhetri zeLithium zaphuma kwi-1970s. Ngowe-1991, u-Sony wazisa ibhetri yokuqala ye-lithium yorhwebo, eyaguqula i-electronics yabathengi. Nangona iibhetri ze-lithium zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi, ubomi babo bebhetri kunye nobomi benkonzo abufumananga impumelelo esebenzayo, ekwathintela ukuphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza kwezithuthi zombane kunye namanye amashishini. Le mpumelelo intsha inokuba neziphumo ezibanzi kwiindawo ezininzi. Kwizixhobo eziphathwayo, iibhetri ezintsha zinokuthintela ukukhuselwa okunyanzelekileyo kwezixhobo ezithile zombane. Ishishini lezithuthi zombane liya kuxhamla kakhulu, kungekuphela nje ngenxa yokuba ixesha lokutshaja lingancitshiswa ukusuka kwiiyure ezimbalwa ukuya kwimizuzu embalwa, kodwa nangenxa yokuba abasebenzisi abayi kutshintsha iibhetri ezibizayo (ezixabisa malunga ne-10,000 yeedola) ukuqhubela phambili ukukhuthaza inzuzo izithuthi zombane.

Nangona kunjalo, ngeli xesha, uphuhliso lweebhetri ze-lithium lujongene ne-bottleneck: ukuba ufuna ukunyusa umthamo, kufuneka unikele ngesantya sokutshaja kunye nobomi bomjikelezo, okunzima ukugcina umthamo ophezulu. Kwixesha elizayo, ukubuyisela iibhetri, kwelinye icala, kuyimfuneko ukuqhubela phambili uphando kwiimpawu zokhuseleko ezifana ne-electrolyte eqinile kunye ne-semi-solid, kwelinye icala, kuyimfuneko ukukhawulezisa uphando kunye nophuhliso lomthamo omkhulu. idatha ye-cathode ukufezekisa impumelelo kubuninzi bamandla ebhetri ye-lithium. Isishwankathelo, i-electrode efanelekileyo kunye ne-negative kunye nedatha ye-electrolyte yebhetri kufuneka isebenze kunye ukwenza inkqubela phambili enkulu ngokwefom kunye nomthamo.