Ngaphambili, ngenxa yobungakanani obuncinci beshishini lokugcina amandla kunye nenyaniso yokuba alikangeni kwinqanaba elipheleleyo lezoqoqosho, ishishini lokugcina amandla kwiinkampani ezahlukeneyo linomlinganiselo ophantsi kwaye umthamo weshishini uncinci. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngokunciphisa iindleko zoshishino kunye nokukhuthazwa kwemfuno, ishishini lokugcina amandla Yenza inkqubela phambili ngokukhawuleza.

Ugcino lwamandla ngokubanzi lubandakanya iintlobo ezintathu zokugcina amandla ombane, ugcino lwamandla obushushu kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla e-hydrogen, apho ugcino lwamandla ombane yeyona nto iphambili. Ukugcinwa kwamandla ombane kwahlulwe kugcino lwamandla e-electrochemical kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla ngoomatshini. Ukugcinwa kwamandla e-Electrochemical okwangoku yeyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu kwitekhnoloji yokugcina amandla enesakhono esikhulu sophuhliso. Ineengenelo zokungachatshazelwa kangako ziimeko zejografi, ixesha elifutshane lokwakha, kunye noqoqosho. Inzuzo.

Ngokubhekiselele kwiintlobo zesakhiwo, ukugcinwa kwamandla e-electrochemical ikakhulu kubandakanya iibhetri ze-lithium-ion, iibhetri zokugcina ezikhokelayo, kunye neebhetri ze-sodium-sulfur.

Iibhetri zokugcina amandla e-lithium-ion zineempawu zobomi obude, ukuxinana kwamandla aphezulu, kunye nokuguquguquka okuqinileyo kokusingqongileyo. Ngokukhula kweendlela zokurhweba kunye nokunciphisa iindleko eziqhubekayo, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zithatha ngokuthe ngcembe iibhetri zokugcinwa kwexabiso eliphantsi, eziphezulu ekusebenzeni. Kwi-cumulative electrochemical energy storage efakwe amandla ukusuka kwi-2000 ukuya kwi-2019, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zibalelwa kwi-87%, eye yaba yindlela yeteknoloji eqhelekileyo.

Iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zingahlelwa zibe zisetyenzisiweyo, amandla kunye neebhetri zokugcina amandla ngokwemimandla yazo yesicelo.

Iintlobo zebhetri eziphambili zeebhetri zokugcina amandla ziquka iibhetri ze-lithium iron phosphate kunye neebhetri ze-ternary lithium. Ngesisombululo sengxaki yoxinano lwamandla kwiibhetri ze-lithium iron phosphate, umlinganiselo weebhetri ze-lithium iron phosphate uye wanda unyaka nonyaka.

Ibhetri ye-lithium ye-iron phosphate inozinzo olomeleleyo lwe-thermal kunye nozinzo oluphezulu lwesakhiwo semathiriyeli ye-electrode elungileyo. Ukhuseleko lwayo kunye nobomi bomjikelezo bungcono kuneebhetri ze-lithium ze-ternary, kwaye ayinayo isinyithi esixabisekileyo. Inenzuzo yeendleko ezibanzi kwaye ihambelana ngakumbi neemfuno zeenkqubo zokugcina amandla.

ilizwe lam yokugcina amandla e-electrochemical okwangoku isekelwe ikakhulu kwiibhetri ze-lithium, kwaye uphuhliso lwayo lukhulile. Umthamo wayo ofakelweyo owongezelekayo wenza ngaphezu kwesiqingatha somthamo uwonke ofakelweyo kwimarike yogcino lwamandla ekhemikhali yelizwe lam.

Ngokutsho kwedatha yeGGII, ukuthunyelwa kwemakethe yebhetri yokugcina amandla eChina ngo-2020 kuya kuba yi-16.2GWh, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka we-71%, apho ukugcinwa kwamandla ombane yi-6.6GWh, i-accounting ye-41%, kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla onxibelelwano yi-7.4GWh. , ibalelwa kuma-46%. Ezinye ziquka ukuhamba ngololiwe edolophini. Iibhetri zeLithium zokugcinwa kwamandla kwezothutho, kumashishini kunye nezinye iindawo.

I-GGII iqikelela ukuba ukuthunyelwa kwebhetri yokugcina amandla eTshayina kuya kufikelela kwi-68GWh ngo-2025, kwaye i-CAGR iya kudlula i-30% ukusuka ngo-2020 ukuya ku-2025.

Iibhetri zokugcina amandla zijolise kumthamo webhetri, uzinzo kunye nobomi, kwaye uqwalasele ukuguquguquka kwemodyuli yebhetri, izinga lokwandiswa kwezinto zebhetri kunye noxinano lwamandla, ukufana kwezinto ze-electrode kunye nezinye iimfuno zokuphumeza ubomi obude kunye neendleko eziphantsi, kunye nenani lemijikelo yokugcina amandla. Iibhetri Ubude bobomi bufuneka bube bukhulu kunamaxesha angama-3500.

Ngokombono weemeko zesicelo, iibhetri zokugcina amandla zisetyenziselwa ubukhulu becala kunye neenkonzo ezincedisayo zokumodareyitha amandla, ukudibanisa igridi yamandla avuselelekayo, i-microgrid kunye nezinye iindawo.

Isikhululo sesiseko se-5G sisixhobo esisisiseko se-5G network. Ngokubanzi, izikhululo zesiseko esikhulu kunye nezikhululo zesiseko ezincinci zisetyenziswa kunye. Ekubeni ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngamaxesha amaninzi kwixesha le-4G, inkqubo yokugcinwa kwamandla e-lithium ephezulu iyafuneka. Phakathi kwazo, iibhetri zokugcina amandla zingasetyenziswa kwisikhululo sesiseko esikhulu. Ukusebenza njengobonelelo lombane olungxamisekileyo kwizikhululo ezisisiseko kunye nokuthatha indima yokutsheva okuphezulu kunye nokuzaliswa kwentlambo, ukuphuculwa kombane kunye nokutshintshwa kwe-lead-to-lithium yinto eqhelekileyo.

Kwiimodeli zoshishino ezifana nokuhanjiswa kwamandla okushisa kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla okwabelwana ngawo, ukulungiswa kwenkqubo kunye nezicwangciso zokulawula nazo ziyizinto ezibalulekileyo ezibangela ukungafani kwezoqoqosho phakathi kweeprojekthi. Ukugcinwa kwamandla ngumgaqo-nkqubo, kwaye abathengisi bezisombululo ngokubanzi abaqonda ukugcinwa kwamandla, iigridi zamandla, kunye nokuthengiselana kulindeleke ukuba bavelele kukhuphiswano olulandelayo.

Ipateni yemarike yogcino lwebhetri

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zabathathi-nxaxheba kwiimarike zenkqubo yokugcina amandla: abavelisi beebhetri kunye ne-PCS (i-converter yokugcina amandla) abavelisi.

Abavelisi beebhetri abasebenzisa iibhetri zokugcina amandla bamelwe yi-LG Chem, i-CATL, i-BYD, i-Paineng Technology, njl., ngokusekelwe kwisiseko sokuvelisa ibhetri yokwandisa ezantsi.

Ishishini lebhetri yeCATL kunye nabanye abavelisi basalawulwa ngamabhetri amandla, kwaye baqhelana nenkqubo ye-electrochemical. Okwangoku, ngokuyininzi babonelela ngeebhetri zokugcina amandla kunye neemodyuli, ezikummandla ophezulu we-industrial chain; I-Paineng Technology igxile kwimarike yokugcina amandla kwaye inomsebenzi omde we-industrial chain , Ukwazi ukubonelela abathengi ngezisombululo ezidibeneyo kwiinkqubo zokugcina amandla ezihambelana neemveliso.

Ukusuka kwimbono yophuhliso lweemarike, kwimarike yasekhaya, i-CATL kunye ne-BYD zombini zinandipha izabelo ezikhokelayo; kwimakethi yaphesheya, ukuhanjiswa kwemveliso yogcino lwamandla e-BYD ngo-2020 phakathi kweenkampani eziphezulu zasekhaya.

Abavelisi be-PCS, abamelwe yi-Sungrow, baneziteshi zamazwe ngamazwe ze-inverter industry ukuqokelela imigangatho ekhulileyo kumashumi eminyaka, kwaye badibanise izandla kunye ne-Samsung kunye nabanye abavelisi beeseli zebhetri ukwandisa umlambo.

Iibhetri zokugcina amandla kunye nemigca yokuvelisa ibhetri yamandla inobuchwepheshe obufanayo. Ke ngoko, iinkokeli zebhetri zamandla zangoku zinokuthembela kwitekhnoloji yazo kunye neenzuzo zesikali kwibala lebhetri ye-lithium ukungena kwindawo yokugcina amandla kunye nokwandisa ubume beshishini labo.

Ukujonga ipateni yokhuphiswano lweshishini lehlabathi lokugcina amandla, kuba iTesla, i-LG Chem, i-Samsung SDI kunye nabanye abavelisi baqala kwangoko kwimakethi yokugcina amandla aphesheya, kwaye imfuno yentengiso yangoku kwindawo yokugcina amandla isuka kumazwe angaphandle, ekhaya. ugcino lwamandla Imfuno incinci. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imfuno yokugcina amandla yandisiwe ngokuqhambuka kwemarike yemoto yombane.

Iinkampani zasekhaya ngoku zisebenzisa iibhetri zokugcina amandla zikwabandakanya iYiwei Lithium Energy, iGuoxuan Hi-Tech, kunye nePenghui Energy.

Abavelisi bentloko bakwinqanaba eliphambili malunga nokhuseleko lwemveliso kunye nesatifikethi. Ngokomzekelo, isisombululo se-Ningde sokugcina amandla ekhaya siphumelele iimvavanyo ezintlanu, kuquka i-IEC62619 kunye ne-UL 1973, kunye ne-BYD BYDCube T28 iphumelele i-German Rheinland TVUL9540A uvavanyo lwe-thermal runaway. Eli lishishini emva komgangatho weshishini lokugcina amandla. Ugxininiso kulindeleke ukuba lunyuke ngakumbi.

Ukusuka kuphuhliso lwemarike yasekhaya yokugcina amandla, ngokwembono yophuhliso lwemarike yasekhaya yokugcina amandla, imakethi entsha yokugcina amandla yasekhaya ene-100 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan kule minyaka mihlanu izayo kunye neemveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu wamashishini anjalo. njengeNingde Times kunye neYiwei Lithium Energy kwintsimi yebhetri yamandla bayakwazi ukwenza amashishini asekhaya. Ukungalungi kwetshaneli yebrand yaseTshayina, ngelixa iinkampani zasekhaya zabelana ngesantya sokukhula koshishino, isabelo sabo semakethi kwimarike yehlabathi kulindeleke ukuba sinyuke kakhulu.

Uhlalutyo lwe-Energy Storage Ibhetri yeShishini

Ekubunjweni kwenkqubo yokugcina amandla, ibhetri iyona nxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yokugcina amandla. Ngokwezibalo ze-BNEF, iindleko zebhetri ziba ngaphezu kwe-50% yeenkqubo zokugcina amandla.

Iindleko zenkqubo yebhetri yokugcina amandla ihlanganiswe neendleko ezidibeneyo ezifana neebhetri, iinxalenye zesakhiwo, i-BMS, iikhabhinethi, izinto ezincedisayo, kunye neendleko zokuvelisa. Iibhetri zenza malunga ne-80% yeendleko, kunye neendleko zePakethi (kubandakanywa neengxenye zesakhiwo, i-BMS, ikhabhinethi, izinto ezincedisayo, iindleko zokuvelisa, njl.) I-akhawunti malunga ne-20% yeendleko zepakethi yebhetri yonke.

Njengamashishini amancinci anobunzima obuphezulu bobugcisa, iibhetri kunye ne-BMS zinemiqobo ephezulu yobugcisa. Imiqobo engundoqo kulawulo lweendleko zebhetri, ukhuseleko, ulawulo lwe-SOC (State of Charge), kunye nolawulo lokulinganisela.

Inkqubo yemveliso yenkqubo yebhetri yokugcina amandla ihlukaniswe ngamacandelo amabini. Kwicandelo lokuvelisa imodyuli yebhetri, iiseli eziye zadlula ukuhlolwa zihlanganiswe kwiimodyuli zebhetri ngokusika ithebhu, ukufakwa kweeseli, ukubunjwa kwethebhu, i-laser welding, ukupakishwa kwemodyuli kunye nezinye iinkqubo; kwicandelo lendibano yenkqubo, badlula ukuhlolwa Iimodyuli zebhetri kunye neebhodi zesekethe ze-BMS zihlanganiswe kwinkqubo egqityiweyo, kwaye emva koko faka ikhonkco lokupakisha imveliso egqityiweyo emva kokuhlolwa okuphambili, ukuguga okuphezulu kunye nokuhlolwa kwesibini.

Isixokelelwano sogcino lwebhetri kwishishini:

Umthombo: INingde Times Prospectus
Ixabiso lokugcinwa kwamandla alukho nje uqoqosho lweprojekthi ngokwayo, kodwa luvela nakwiinzuzo zokuphucula inkqubo. Ngokutsho kwe “Iimbono eziKhokelelwayo zokuKhawulezisa uPhuhliso lweSitoreji saMandla amatsha (iSiqulunqo sokuphawula)”, imeko yokugcinwa kwamandla njengequmrhu elizimeleyo lemarike kulindeleke ukuba liqinisekiswe. Emva kokuba uqoqosho lweeprojekthi zokugcina amandla ngokwazo zisondele kumda wotyalo-mali, ulawulo lwenkqubo yokugcina amandla kunye nezicwangciso zokucaphuna Kuchaphazela kakhulu ingeniso yeenkonzo ezincedisayo.

Inkqubo yangoku yokugcina amandla e-electrochemical isekwinqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso, imigangatho yemveliso kunye nokwakhiwa ayikagqitywa, kwaye umgaqo-nkqubo wokuhlola ukugcinwa awukaqaliswa.

Njengoko iindleko ziqhubeka nokuwa kunye nezicelo zorhwebo zikhula ngakumbi, izibonelelo zeteknoloji yokugcina amandla e-electrochemical ziye zacaca ngakumbi kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe ziye zaba yinto ehamba phambili yofakelo olutsha lokugcina amandla. Kwixesha elizayo, njengoko isiphumo sesikali soshishino lwebhetri ye-lithium lubonisa ngakumbi, kusekho igumbi elikhulu lokunciphisa iindleko kunye nophuhliso olubanzi lwamathemba.