Esikhathini esedlule, ngenxa yobukhulu obuncane bemboni yokugcina amandla kanye neqiniso lokuthi alikangeni isikhathi esigcwele somnotho, ibhizinisi lokugcina amandla ezinkampanini ezihlukahlukene linesilinganiso esiphansi futhi ivolumu yebhizinisi incane. Eminyakeni yamuva, ngokuncipha kwezindleko zezimboni kanye nokukhuthazwa kwesidingo, ibhizinisi lokugcina amandla Lenza inqubekelaphambili ngokushesha.

Isitoreji samandla esijwayelekile sihlanganisa izinhlobo ezintathu zokugcina amandla kagesi, isitoreji samandla ashisayo kanye nesitoreji samandla e-hydrogen, okuyisitoreji samandla kagesi okuyinhloko. Isitoreji samandla kagesi sihlukaniswe isitoreji samandla e-electrochemical kanye nesitoreji samandla ngomshini. Isitoreji samandla e-electrochemical njengamanje siwubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla obusetshenziswa kakhulu obunamandla amakhulu okuthuthukiswa. Inezinzuzo zokungathinteki kangako izimo zendawo, isikhathi sokwakha esifushane, kanye nokonga. Inzuzo.

Mayelana nezinhlobo zesakhiwo, isitoreji samandla e-electrochemical ikakhulukazi sihlanganisa amabhethri e-lithium-ion, amabhethri okugcina umthofu, namabhethri e-sodium-sulfur.

Amabhethri okugcina amandla e-lithium-ion anezici zempilo ende, ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu, nokuvumelana nezimo kwemvelo okuqinile. Ngokuvuthwa kwemizila yokuthengisa kanye nokwehliswa okuqhubekayo kwezindleko, amabhethri e-lithium-ion kancane kancane ashintsha amabhethri okugcina okuhola okuphansi, aphezulu ekusebenzeni. Kumthamo ofakiwe wesitoreji samandla e-electrochemical kusukela ngo-2000 kuya ku-2019, amabhethri e-lithium-ion abalelwa ku-87%, osekuphenduke umzila wezobuchwepheshe ojwayelekile.

Amabhethri e-lithium-ion angahlukaniswa abe amabhethri asetshenziswayo, amandla nawokugcina amandla ngokuya ngezinkambu zawo zokufaka isicelo.

Izinhlobo zebhethri ezijwayelekile zamabhethri okugcina amandla zifaka amabhethri e-lithium iron phosphate namabhethri e-ternary lithium. Ngesixazululo senkinga yokuminyana kwamandla amabhethri e-lithium iron phosphate, ingxenye yamabhethri e-lithium iron phosphate iye yanda unyaka nonyaka.

Ibhethri ye-lithium iron phosphate inokuqina okushisayo okuqinile kanye nokuzinza okuphezulu kwesakhiwo sempahla ye-electrode eqondile. Ukuphepha kwayo nokuphila komjikelezo kungcono kunamabhethri e-lithium e-ternary, futhi ayinazo izinsimbi eziyigugu. Inenzuzo ebanzi yezindleko futhi ihambisana kakhulu nezidingo zezinhlelo zokugcina amandla.

isitoreji samandla e-electrochemical yezwe lami okwamanje sisekelwe ikakhulukazi kumabhethri e-lithium, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwawo sekuvuthiwe. Umthamo wayo ofakiwe uhlanganisa ngaphezu kwesigamu samandla afakiwe emakethe yezwe lami yokugcina amandla ngamakhemikhali.

Ngokusho kwedatha ye-GGII, ukuthunyelwa kwemakethe yamabhethri esitoreji samandla e-China ngo-2020 kuzoba ngu-16.2GWh, okuwukukhuphuka konyaka nonyaka ngama-71%, lapho isitoreji samandla kagesi singu-6.6GWh, esibalelwa ku-41%, kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla okuxhumana kungu-7.4GWh. , okulinganiselwa ku-46%. Ezinye zihlanganisa ezokuthutha zasemadolobheni. Amabhethri e-lithium okugcina amandla kwezokuthutha, imboni nakweminye imikhakha.

I-GGII ibikezela ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwamabhethri okugcina amandla e-China kuzofinyelela ku-68GWh ngo-2025, futhi i-CAGR izokweqa ama-30% kusukela ngo-2020 kuya ku-2025.

Amabhethri okugcina amandla agxila kumthamo webhethri, ukuzinza kanye nempilo, futhi acabangele ukungaguquguquki kwemojuli yebhethri, izinga lokunwetshwa kwempahla yebhethri kanye nokuminyana kwamandla, ukufana kokusebenza kwempahla ye-electrode nezinye izidingo zokuzuza impilo ende nezindleko eziphansi, kanye nenani lemijikelezo yokugcinwa kwamandla. amabhethri Isikhathi sokuphila ngokuvamile sidingeka ukuthi sibe ngaphezu kwezikhathi ezingu-3500.

Ngokombono wezimo zohlelo lokusebenza, amabhethri okugcina amandla asetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ezinsizakalweni zokusiza amandla okushintsha amandla aphezulu kanye nemvamisa, ukuxhumeka kwegridi yamandla avuselelekayo, i-microgrid nezinye izinkambu.

Isiteshi sesisekelo se-5G siyisisetshenziswa esiyisisekelo senethiwekhi ye-5G. Ngokuvamile, iziteshi ze-macro base kanye neziteshi ezincane zisetshenziswa ndawonye. Njengoba ukusetshenziswa kwamandla izikhathi eziningana kunesikhathi se-4G, isistimu yokugcina amandla ye-lithium ephakeme kakhulu iyadingeka. Phakathi kwazo, amabhethri okugcina amandla angasetshenziswa esiteshini se-macro base. Ukusebenza njengesiphakeli samandla esiphuthumayo seziteshi eziyisisekelo nokwenza indima yokushefa okuphezulu kanye nokugcwaliswa kwesigodi, ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla kanye nokushintshwa kwe-lead-to-lithium kuwumkhuba ojwayelekile.

Kumamodeli ebhizinisi afana nokusatshalaliswa kwamandla ashisayo kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla okwabelwana ngawo, amasu okuthuthukisa uhlelo namasu okulawula nakho kuyizici ezibalulekile ezibangela umehluko wezomnotho phakathi kwamaphrojekthi. Ukugcinwa kwamandla kuwukuziphatha okuphambene, futhi bonke abathengisi bezixazululo abaqonda isitoreji samandla, amagridi kagesi, nemisebenzi kulindeleke ukuthi bagqame emqhudelwaneni olandelayo.

Iphethini yemakethe yebhethri yesitoreji samandla

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zabahlanganyeli emakethe yesistimu yokugcina amandla: abakhiqizi bebhethri kanye ne-PCS (isiguquli sokugcina amandla) abakhiqizi.

Abakhiqizi bebhethri abasebenzisa amabhethri okugcina amandla bamelwe i-LG Chem, i-CATL, i-BYD, i-Paineng Technology, njll., ngokusekelwe kusisekelo sokukhiqiza amaseli ebhethri ukuze andise phansi nomfula.

Ibhizinisi lebhethri le-CATL nabanye abakhiqizi lisabuswa amabhethri kagesi, futhi bajwayelene kakhulu nesistimu ye-electrochemical. Njengamanje, ikakhulukazi bahlinzeka ngamabhethri okugcina amandla namamojula, asezingeni eliphezulu leketanga lezimboni; I-Paineng Technology igxile emakethe yokugcina amandla futhi inochungechunge olude lwezimboni , Ikwazi ukunikeza amakhasimende izixazululo ezihlanganisiwe zezinhlelo zokugcina amandla afana nemikhiqizo.

Ngokombono wokuthuthukiswa kwemakethe, emakethe yasekhaya, i-CATL ne-BYD zombili zijabulela amasheya ahamba phambili; emakethe yaphesheya kwezilwandle, ukuthunyelwa komkhiqizo wokugcina amandla we-BYD ngo-2020 kukleliswa phakathi kwezinkampani eziphezulu zasekhaya.

Abakhiqizi be-PCS, abamelwe yi-Sungrow, baneziteshi zamazwe ngamazwe zemboni ye-inverter ukuze iqongelele izindinganiso ezivuthiwe amashumi eminyaka, futhi bahlanganyele izandla nabakwaSamsung nabanye abakhiqizi bamaseli ebhethri ukuze andise phezulu nomfula.

Amabhethri okugcina amandla nemigqa yokukhiqiza ibhethri yamandla anobuchwepheshe obufanayo. Ngakho-ke, abaholi bamanje bebhethri lamandla bangathembela kubuchwepheshe babo futhi balinganise izinzuzo endaweni yebhethri ye-lithium ukuze bangene endaweni yokugcina amandla futhi bandise isakhiwo sabo sebhizinisi.

Uma sibheka iphethini yokuncintisana yenkampani yemboni yokugcina amandla emhlabeni wonke, ngoba i-Tesla, i-LG Chem, i-Samsung SDI kanye nabanye abakhiqizi baqale ekuqaleni kwemakethe yokugcina amandla yaphesheya kwezilwandle, futhi isidingo semakethe samanje endaweni yokugcina amandla sivela kakhulu emazweni angaphandle, asekhaya. ukugcinwa kwamandla Isidingo sincane uma kuqhathaniswa. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, isidingo sokugcinwa kwamandla siye sandiswa ngokuqhuma kwemakethe yezimoto zikagesi.

Izinkampani zasekhaya okwamanje zisebenzisa amabhethri okugcina amandla futhi zifaka i-Yiwei Lithium Energy, i-Guoxuan Hi-Tech, ne-Penghui Energy.

Abakhiqizi abakhulu basezingeni eliphambili mayelana nokuphepha komkhiqizo kanye nezitifiketi. Isibonelo, isixazululo sesitoreji samandla sasekhaya senkathi ye-Ningde siphumelele izivivinyo ezinhlanu, okuhlanganisa i-IEC62619 ne-UL 1973, futhi i-BYD BYDCube T28 iphase i-German Rheinland TVUL9540A yokuhlola ukubaleka okushisayo. Lena imboni ngemva kokumiswa kwemboni yokugcina amandla. Ukugxila kulindeleke ukuthi kukhule nakakhulu.

Kusukela ekuthuthukisweni kwemakethe yasekhaya yokugcina amandla, ngokombono wokuthuthukiswa kwemakethe yokugcina amandla yasekhaya, imakethe entsha yokugcina amandla yasekhaya enesilinganiso samayuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-100 eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo kanye nemikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu yamabhizinisi anjalo. njengoba i-Ningde Times kanye ne-Yiwei Lithium Energy emkhakheni webhethri lamandla zikwazi ukwenza amabhizinisi asekhaya. Ububi besiteshi somkhiqizo waseChina, ngenkathi izinkampani zasekhaya zabelana ngezinga lokukhula kwemboni, isabelo sazo semakethe emakethe yomhlaba kulindeleke ukuthi sikhule kakhulu.

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Energy Storage Battery Industry Chain

Ekwakhekeni kwesistimu yokugcina amandla, ibhethri liyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yesistimu yokugcina amandla. Ngokwezibalo ze-BNEF, izindleko zebhethri zingaphezu kuka-50% wezinhlelo zokugcina amandla.

Izindleko zesistimu yebhethri yokugcina amandla zakhiwe izindleko ezihlanganisiwe ezifana namabhethri, izingxenye zesakhiwo, i-BMS, amakhabethe, izinto ezisizayo, nezindleko zokukhiqiza. Amabhethri abiza cishe u-80% wezindleko, futhi izindleko zePhakethi (okuhlanganisa izingxenye zesakhiwo, i-BMS, ikhabhinethi, izinto ezisizayo, izindleko zokukhiqiza, njll.) zibalelwa cishe ku-20% wezindleko zalo lonke iphakethe lebhethri.

Njengezimboni ezingaphansi ezinobunzima obuphezulu bobuchwepheshe, amabhethri kanye ne-BMS kunezithiyo zobuchwepheshe eziphakeme kakhulu. Izithiyo eziyinhloko ukulawula izindleko zebhethri, ukuphepha, ukuphathwa kwe-SOC (State of Charge), nokulawula ibhalansi.

Inqubo yokukhiqiza yesistimu yebhethri yokugcina amandla ihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili. Esigabeni sokukhiqiza imojula yebhethri, amaseli adlule ekuhlolweni ahlanganiswa abe amamojula ebhethri ngokusika ithebhu, ukufakwa kwamaseli, ukubunjwa kwethebhu, i-laser welding, ukupakishwa kwamamojula nezinye izinqubo; esigabeni somhlangano wesistimu, badlula ukuhlolwa Amamojula webhethri namabhodi wesifunda se-BMS ahlanganiswe ohlelweni oluqediwe, bese ufaka isixhumanisi sokupakisha somkhiqizo oqediwe ngemuva kokuhlolwa okuyinhloko, ukuguga okuphezulu kokushisa nokuhlolwa kwesibili.

Uchungechunge lwemboni yebhethri yokugcina amandla:

Umthombo: I-Ningde Times Prospectus
Inani lokugcinwa kwamandla akuyona nje umnotho wephrojekthi ngokwayo, kodwa futhi livela ezinzuzweni zokwenziwa kwesistimu. Ngokuvumelana ne “Imibono Eqondisayo Ekusheshiseni Ukuthuthukiswa Kwesitoreji Samandla Amasha (Okusalungiswa Kokuphawula)”, isimo sokugcinwa kwamandla njengebhizinisi elizimele lemakethe kulindeleke ukuthi siqinisekiswe. Ngemva komnotho wamaphrojekthi okugcina amandla ngokwawo aseduze nomkhawulo wokutshala izimali, ukulawulwa kwesistimu yokugcina amandla kanye namasu okucaphuna Kuthinta ngokuphawulekayo imali engenayo yezinsizakalo ezihambisanayo.

Uhlelo lwamanje lokugcina amandla e-electrochemical lusesesigabeni sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa, izinga lomkhiqizo nelokwakha akukakaqediwe, futhi inqubomgomo yokuhlola isitoreji isazokwethulwa.

Njengoba izindleko ziqhubeka nokuwa kanye nezicelo zezentengiselwano zivuthwa kakhulu, izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla e-electrochemical ziye zaba sobala kakhulu futhi kancane kancane ziye zaba inkambiso yokufakwa kokugcina amandla amasha. Ngokuzayo, njengoba umphumela wesikali wemboni yebhethri ye-lithium uqhubeka ubonakala, kusekhona indawo enkulu yokunciphisa izindleko kanye namathemba entuthuko abanzi.