Ngokusetyenziswa okukhulayo kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion kwiidrones, izithuthi zombane (EV), kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla elanga, abavelisi beebhetri basebenzisa iteknoloji yanamhlanje kunye nokwakheka kweekhemikhali ukutyhala imida yokuvavanya ibhetri kunye nobuchule bokuvelisa.

Namhlanje, ukusebenza kunye nobomi bebhetri nganye, kungakhathaliseki ubungakanani, kunqunywe kwinkqubo yokuvelisa, kwaye izixhobo zokuvavanya zenzelwe ibhetri ethile. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba imarike yebhetri ye-lithium-ion ihlanganisa zonke iimo kunye nobuchule, kunzima ukwenza umvavanyi omnye, odibeneyo onokukwazi ukuphatha amandla ahlukeneyo, imisinga kunye nemilo yomzimba ngokuchaneka okufunekayo kunye nokuchaneka.

Ngenxa yemfuno ekhulayo yeebhetri ze-lithium-ion, sidinga ngokukhawuleza ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye nezisombululo zovavanyo eziguquguqukayo zokwandisa urhwebo phakathi kwezinto ezilungileyo kunye nezibi kunye nokuphumeza iindleko ezisebenzayo.

Iibhetri zeLithium-ion zintsonkothile kwaye zahlukene

Namhlanje, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zineentlobo ezahlukeneyo zobukhulu, i-voltages, kunye noluhlu lwezicelo, kodwa le teknoloji ayizange iqondwe xa iqala ukufakwa kwimarike. Iibhetri zeLithium-ion ekuqaleni zaziyilelwe izixhobo ezincinci, ezinje ngekhompyuter, iiselfowuni kunye nezinye izixhobo zombane eziphathwayo. Ngoku, imilinganiselo yabo inkulu kakhulu, njengeemoto zombane kunye nokugcinwa kwebhetri yelanga. Oku kuthetha ukuba uchungechunge olukhulu-ipakethi yebhetri ehambelanayo inombane ophezulu kunye nomthamo omkhulu, kwaye umthamo womzimba nawo mkhulu. Umzekelo, iipakethi zebhetri zezinye izithuthi zombane zinokumiselwa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100 kuthotho kunye nangaphezulu kwama-50 ngokuhambelanayo.

Iibhetri ezipakishweyo aziyonto intsha. Ipakethi yebhetri ye-lithium-ion etshajwayo etshajwayo kwakhona kwikhompyuter yencwadana eqhelekileyo ineebhetri ezininzi kuthotho, kodwa ngenxa yomthamo omkhulu wepakethi yebhetri, uvavanyo luba nzima ngakumbi kwaye lunokuchaphazela ukusebenza ngokubanzi. Ukuze ukusebenza kwayo yonke ipakethe yebhetri ifikelele kwelona nqanaba lifanelekileyo, ibhetri nganye kufuneka iphantse ifane nebhetri yayo engummelwane. Iibhetri ziya kuchaphazela omnye nomnye, ngoko ke ukuba ibhetri kuluhlu inomthamo ophantsi, ezinye iibhetri kwipakethi yebhetri ziya kuba ngaphantsi kweyona ndawo ifanelekileyo, kuba amandla abo aya kuthotywa ngokubeka iliso kwebhetri kunye nenkqubo yokulinganisa kwakhona ukuhambelana nokusebenza okuphantsi. Ibhetri. Njengoko kuthethwa, indle yempuku yonakalisa imbiza yesidudu.

Umjikelo wokukhupha intlawulo ubonisa ngakumbi indlela ibhetri enye enokunciphisa ngayo ukusebenza kwayo yonke ipakethe yebhetri. Ibhetri enomthamo ophantsi kwipakethi yebhetri iya kunciphisa imeko yayo yokutshaja ngesantya esikhawulezayo, okukhokelela kwinqanaba lombane elingakhuselekanga kwaye libangele ukuba yonke ipakethi yebhetri ingaphinde ikhutshwe. Xa ipakethi yebhetri itshajiwe, ibhetri enesona sixhobo sisezantsi siya kutshajiswa ngokupheleleyo kuqala, kwaye iibhetri ezishiyekileyo azisayi kuhlawuliswa ngaphezulu. Kwizithuthi zombane, oku kuya kubangela ukuncitshiswa komthamo osebenzayo webhetri okhoyo ngokubanzi, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswe uhambo lokuhamba ngesithuthi. Ukongeza, ukuthotywa kweebhetri ezinomthamo ophantsi kuya kukhawuleza kuba ifikelela kumbane ophezulu kakhulu ekupheleni kokutshaja kunye nokukhupha ngaphambi kokuba amanyathelo okhuseleko aqale ukusebenza.

Nokuba yeyiphi na isixhobo se-terminal, kokukhona iibhetri ezininzi kwipakethi yebhetri zipakishwe kuthotho kunye nokuhambelana, eyona ngxaki inkulu. Isisombululo esicacileyo kukuqinisekisa ukuba ibhetri nganye yenziwe ngokufanayo, kunye nokudibanisa iibhetri ezifanayo kwipakethi yebhetri efanayo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yolwahlulo lwenkqubo yokwenziwa kolwahlulo lokungasebenzi kwebhetri kunye nomthamo, uvavanyo lubaluleke kakhulu-hayi ukukhuphela ngaphandle iindawo ezineziphene kuphela, kodwa nokwahlula ukuba zeziphi iibhetri ezifanayo kwaye zeziphi iipakethe zebhetri ekufuneka zifakwe kuzo. ukukhupha ijika yebhetri ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa kunempembelelo enkulu kwiimpawu zayo kwaye ihlala iguquka.

Kutheni iibhetri zanamhlanje ze-lithium-ion zizisa imingeni emitsha yovavanyo?

Ukuvavanya ibhetri akukho nto entsha, kodwa ukususela ekufikeni kwayo, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ziye zabeka uxinzelelo olutsha ekuchanekeni, ukugqithisa kunye nobuninzi bebhodi yesekethe yezixhobo zokuvavanya.

Iibhetri zeLithium-ion zahlukile kuba zinomthamo oxineneyo wogcino lwamandla. Ukuba zihlawuliswe kwaye zikhutshwe ngokungafanelekanga, zinokubangela imililo kunye nokudubula. Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa kunye nokuvavanya, le teknoloji yokugcina amandla ifuna ukuchaneka okuphezulu kakhulu, kwaye izicelo ezininzi ezivelayo ziyayiqinisa ngakumbi le mfuneko. Ngokumalunga nokuma, ubungakanani, umthamo kunye nokubunjwa kweekhemikhali, iintlobo zeebhetri ze-lithium-ion zininzi kakhulu. Ngokuchasene noko, baya kuchaphazela nezixhobo zokuvavanya, kuba kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba ukutshaja okuchanekileyo kunye nokukhutshwa kwee-curves kulandelwa ngokuchanekileyo ukufezekisa umthamo omkhulu wokugcina kunye nokuthembeka. Kwaye umgangatho.

Ekubeni akukho bukhulu obufanelekileyo kuzo zonke iibhetri, ukukhetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuvavanya kunye nabavelisi abahlukeneyo beebhetri ze-lithium-ion ezahlukeneyo baya kwandisa iindleko zokuvavanya. Ukongeza, ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha eziqhubekayo kwimizi-mveliso kuthetha ukuba i-curve ehlala itshintsha-tshintsha i-charge-discharge iphuculwe ngakumbi, okwenza umvavanyi webhetri ibe sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sophuhliso lweteknoloji entsha yebhetri. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba zeziphi iikhemikhali kunye neepropathi zemishini yeebhetri ze-lithium-ion, kukho iindlela ezininzi zokutshaja kunye nokukhutshwa kwinkqubo yabo yokuvelisa, eyenza abavelisi beebhetri babeke uxinzelelo kubavavanyi bebhetri ukuba bafune ukuba babe nemisebenzi yovavanyo olulodwa.

Ukuchaneka ngokucacileyo bubuchule obuyimfuneko. Akuthethi nje ukukwazi ukugcina ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwangoku kwinqanaba eliphantsi kakhulu, kodwa libandakanya ukukwazi ukutshintsha ngokukhawuleza phakathi kweendlela zokutshaja kunye nokukhupha kunye naphakathi kwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo akhoyo. Ezi mfuno aziqhutywa kuphela yimfuneko yokuvelisa ubuninzi beebhetri ze-lithium-ion ezineempawu ezihambelanayo kunye nomgangatho. Abavelisi bebhetri banethemba lokusebenzisa iinkqubo zovavanyo kunye nezixhobo njengezixhobo ezitsha ukwenza inzuzo ekhuphisanayo kwimarike, njengokutshintsha ukutshaja. I-algorithm yokwandisa umthamo.

Nangona iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo zifuneka kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeebhetri, abavavanyi banamhlanje benzelwe ubungakanani obuthile bebhetri. Umzekelo, ukuba uvavanya ibhetri enkulu, ufuna umsinga omkhulu, oguqulela kwi-inductance enkulu kunye neengcingo ezityebileyo kunye nezinye iimpawu. Ke kukho imiba emininzi ebandakanyekayo xa usenza umvavanyi onokuphatha imisinga ephezulu. Nangona kunjalo, iifektri ezininzi azivelisi uhlobo olunye lwebhetri. Basenokuvelisa iseti epheleleyo yeebhetri ezinkulu kumthengi ngelixa behlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno zovavanyo kwezi bhetri, okanye banokuvelisa iseti yeebhetri ezincinci ezinomsinga omncinci womthengi we-smartphone. .

Esi sizathu sokunyuka kweendleko zokuvavanya-umvavanyi webhetri ulungiselelwe okwangoku. Abavavanyi abanokusingatha imisinga ephezulu badla ngokuba nkulu kwaye babiza kakhulu kuba abafuni kuphela iiwafers ezinkulu ze-silicon, kodwa kunye namacandelo ombane kunye neengcingo ukuhlangabezana nemithetho ye-electromigration kunye nokunciphisa ukuhla kwamandla ombane weparasitic kwinkqubo. Umzi-mveliso kufuneka ulungiselele izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo nangaliphi na ixesha ukuhlangabezana nokuveliswa kunye nokuhlolwa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeebhetri. Ngenxa yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeebhetri eziveliswa ngumzi-mveliso ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, abanye abavavanyi banokungahambelani nezi bhetri ezithile kwaye banokushiywa bengasetyenziswanga, nto leyo eyandisa ngakumbi iindleko kuba umvavanyi lutyalo-mali olukhulu.

Nokuba yeyemizi-mveliso eqhelekileyo kunye nesahlumayo yokuvelisa ubuninzi beebhetri ze-lithium-ion eziqhelekileyo, okanye abavelisi bebhetri abafuna ukusebenzisa inkqubo yovavanyo ukwenza izinto ezintsha kunye nokudala iimveliso zebhetri ezintsha, kufuneka basebenzise izixhobo zovavanyo eziguquguqukayo ukuziqhelanisa noluhlu olubanzi lwebhetri. iibhetri. Umthamo kunye nobukhulu bomzimba, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa utyalo-mali oluyinkunzi, kunye nokuphucula imbuyekezo kutyalo-mali lwezixhobo zovavanyo.

Xa uzama ukwandisa ngokufanelekileyo isisombululo sovavanyo lokudibanisa olunye, kukho iimfuno ezininzi eziphikisanayo. Ayikho i-panacea yazo zonke iintlobo zezisombululo zovavanyo lwebhetri ye-lithium-ion, kodwa i-Texas Instruments (TI) iphakamise uyilo lwereferensi olunciphisa urhwebo phakathi kweendleko-ukusebenza kunye nokuchaneka.

Isisombululo sovavanyo oluchanekileyo, olufanelekileyo kwizicelo eziphezulu zangoku

Iimfuno ezizodwa zovavanyo lwebhetri ziya kuhlala zikhona, kwaye zifuna isisombululo esilinganayo ngokufanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kwiintlobo ezininzi zeebhetri ze-lithium, nokuba ibhetri encinci ye-smart phone okanye ipakethe enkulu yebhetri yemoto yombane, kunokubakho izixhobo zokuvavanya iindleko.

Ukuze kuphunyezwe ukuchaneka okuchanekileyo, intlawulo epheleleyo kunye nokukhupha ulawulo lwangoku oluchanekileyo olufunwa ziibhetri ezininzi ze-lithium-ion kwimarike, i-Texas Instruments ‘yemodyuli yereferensi yokuhlola ibhetri uyilo lwereferensi yoyilo lwe-50-A, 100-A, kunye ne-200-A isebenzisa izicelo. I-50-A Kwaye indibaniselwano ye-100-A uyilo lokuvavanya ibhetri ukwenza inguqulo yemodyuli enokufikelela kwintlawulo ephezulu kunye nenqanaba lokukhutshwa kwe-200-A. Umzobo webhloko yesi sisombululo uboniswe kuMfanekiso 2.

Ngokomzekelo, i-TI ithatha i-loop eqhubekayo yangoku kunye nesigxina sokulawula i-voltage yoyilo lwereferensi yomvavanyi webhetri kwizicelo eziphezulu zangoku, ezixhasa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50A yentlawulo kunye nesantya sokukhupha. Olu yilo lwereferensi lusebenzisa umlawuli we-LM5170-Q1 we-multiphase we-bidirectional yangoku kunye ne-INA188 i-amplifier ye-instrumentation yokulawula ngokuchanekileyo ikhoyo ngoku egeleza ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle kwebhetri. I-INA188 iphumeza kwaye ibeke iliso kwi-loop yolawulo lwangoku, kwaye ekubeni yangoku inokuhamba kuyo nayiphi na indlela, i-multiplexer ye-SN74LV4053A inokulungelelanisa igalelo le-INA188 ngokufanelekileyo.

Esi sisombululo sithile senza iqonga eliguquguqukayo lezicelo ezifuna i-high current okanye i-multiphase ngokudibanisa ezininzi ii-technologies eziphambili ze-TI, ezibonisa ukuba nokwenzeka kokwakha isisombululo sovavanyo esingabizi kakhulu. Esi sisombululo sibhetyebhetye kwaye sijonge phambili asifezekisi kuphela iimfuno zanamhlanje, kodwa sixela kwangaphambili indlela yokukhula kwexesha elizayo leebhetri zeemoto, eziya kuthi kungekudala zinyuse imfuno yesakhono somhloli wangoku ukudlula i-50A.

Isixhobo sokuvavanya ibhetri yeLithium-ion yokwandisa utyalo-mali

Uyilo lwereferensi yomvavanyi webhetri yemodyuli ye-Texas Instruments isombulula ukuchaneka okuphezulu, okuphezulu-yangoku kunye neengxaki zokuguquguquka kwezixhobo zokuvavanya ibhetri ye-lithium-ion. Olu yilo lwereferensi lugubungela iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemilo zebhetri ezikhoyo, ubungakanani, kunye nomthamo, kwaye unokumelana nezicelo ezivelayo, ezinje ngeepakethi ezinkulu zebhetri kwizithuthi zombane kunye nezityalo zamandla elanga, kunye neebhetri ezinobungakanani obuncinci obufumaneka kubathengi be-elektroniki njengeefowuni ezihlakaniphile. .

Uyilo lwereferensi yovavanyo lwebhetri ye-lithium-ion lukwenza ukuba utyale imali kwisixhobo sokuvavanya ibhetri esezantsi kwaye uyisebenzise ngokufanayo, ukuphelisa isidingo sotyalo-mali olubiza kakhulu kwizakhiwo ezininzi ezinamanqanaba ahlukeneyo angoku. Ukukwazi ukusebenzisa izixhobo zovavanyo kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zangoku kunokwandisa utyalo-mali kwizixhobo zovavanyo lwebhetri ngowona mlinganiselo mkhulu, ukunciphisa ixabiso elipheleleyo, kunye nokubonelela ngokuguquguquka ukulungelelanisa neemfuno eziguqukayo zovavanyo lwebhetri ye-lithium-ion.
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