Ngokusetshenziswa okwandayo kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion kuma-drones, ezimotweni zikagesi (EV), kanye nesitoreji samandla elanga, abakhiqizi bebhethri nabo basebenzisa ubuchwepheshe besimanje kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali ukuze baphoqe imikhawulo yokuhlolwa kwebhethri namandla okwenza.

Kulezi zinsuku, ukusebenza nempilo yebhethri ngalinye, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lingakanani, kunqunywa enqubweni yokukhiqiza, futhi okokusebenza kokuhlola kuklanyelwe ibhethri elithile. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi imakethe yebhethri ye-lithium-ion ihlanganisa zonke izimo namandla, kunzima ukudala umhloli oyedwa, ohlanganisiwe ongakwazi ukuphatha amakhono ahlukene, imisinga kanye nokuma komzimba ngokunemba okudingekayo nokunemba.

Ngenxa yesidingo esikhulayo esikhulayo samabhethri e-lithium-ion, sidinga ngokushesha izixazululo zokuhlola ezisebenza kahle nezivumelana nezimo ukuze sikhulise ukuhwebelana phakathi kobuhle nobubi futhi sizuze ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwezindleko.

Amabhethri e-lithium-ion ayinkimbinkimbi futhi ahlukahlukene

Namuhla, amabhethri e-lithium-ion anobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, ama-voltage, kanye nobubanzi bokusebenza, kodwa lobu buchwepheshe abubonwanga lapho buqala ukufakwa emakethe. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion ekuqaleni ayeklanyelwe amadivaysi amancane uma kuqhathaniswa, njengamakhompyutha wamabhuku, omakhalekhukhwini kanye nezinye izinto zikagesi eziphathwayo. Manje, ubukhulu bazo bukhulu kakhulu, njengezimoto zikagesi kanye nesitoreji sebhethri yelanga. Lokhu kusho ukuthi iphakethe lebhethri eliwuchungechunge elikhudlwana linevoltheji ephezulu kanye nomthamo omkhulu, kanye nevolumu ebonakalayo nayo inkulu. Isibonelo, amaphakethe ebhethri ezinye izimoto zikagesi angalungiswa aze afike ku-100 ochungechungeni nangaphezulu kwama-50 ngokuhambisana.

Amabhethri astakiwe awayona into entsha. Iphakethe lebhethri le-lithium-ion elishajwa kabusha kukhompuyutha yezincwadi ezijwayelekile liqukethe amabhethri amaningi ochungechungeni, kodwa ngenxa yevolumu enkulu yephakethe lebhethri, ukuhlola kuba nzima kakhulu futhi kungase kuthinte ukusebenza kukonke. Ukuze ukusebenza kwephakethe lebhethri lonke kufinyelele ezingeni elilungile, ibhethri ngalinye kufanele licishe lifane nebhethri elingumakhelwane walo. Amabhethri azothintana, ngakho-ke uma ibhethri ochungechungeni linomthamo ophansi, amanye amabhethri ephaketheni lebhethri azoba ngaphansi kwesimo esifanele, ngoba amandla awo azokwehliswa uhlelo lokuqapha ibhethri kanye nesistimu yokulinganisa kabusha ukuze ifane nokusebenza okuphansi kakhulu. Ibhethri. Njengoba isisho sisho, indle yegundane lonaka ibhodwe lophuthu.

Umjikelezo wokukhipha ukushajwa ukhombisa futhi ukuthi ibhethri elilodwa linganciphisa kanjani ukusebenza kwalo lonke iphakethe lebhethri. Ibhethri elinomthamo ophansi kakhulu ephaketheni lebhethri lizonciphisa isimo salo sokushajwa ngesivinini esisheshayo, okuholela ezingeni le-voltage elingaphephile futhi kubangele ukuthi lonke iphakethe lebhethri lingasashajwa. Uma ibhethri ishajwa, ibhethri elinamandla aphansi lizoshajwa ngokugcwele kuqala, futhi amabhethri asele ngeke aphinde ashajwe. Ezimotweni ezisebenza ngogesi, lokhu kuzoholela ekuncipheni komthamo webhethri elitholakalayo lilonke elisebenzayo, ngaleyo ndlela kwehlise ibanga lokuhamba kwemoto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucekelwa phansi kwamabhethri anamandla aphansi kuzoshesha ngoba afinyelela amandla kagesi aphezulu kakhulu ekupheleni kokushajwa nokushajwa ngaphambi kokuba izinyathelo zokuvikela ukuphepha ziqale ukusebenza.

Kungakhathalekile ukuthi iyini idivayisi yetheminali, uma amabhethri engeziwe ephaketheni lebhethri enqwabelana kuchungechunge nokuhambisana, kuba bucayi kakhulu inkinga. Isixazululo esisobala siwukuqinisekisa ukuthi ibhethri ngalinye lenziwa ngokufana ncamashi, kanye nokuhlanganisa amabhethri afanayo kuphakethe lebhethri elifanayo. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yomehluko wenqubo yokukhiqiza yokungasebenzi kahle kwebhethri namandla, ukuhlola sekubaluleke kakhulu-hhayi kuphela ukuze kukhiphe izingxenye ezingasebenzi kahle, kodwa futhi nokuhlukanisa ukuthi yimaphi amabhethri afanayo nokuthi yimaphi amaphakethe ebhethri okufanele afakwe kuwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushajwa kanye ukukhulula ijika lebhethri ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza kunethonya elikhulu ezicini zayo futhi ishintsha njalo.

Kungani amabhethri e-lithium-ion esimanje eletha izinselele ezintsha zokuhlola?

Ukuhlolwa kwebhethri akuyona into entsha, kodwa kusukela ekufikeni kwayo, amabhethri e-lithium-ion afake ingcindezi entsha ekunembeni, ekuphumeni nasekugxineni kwebhodi lesifunda lemishini yokuhlola.

Amabhethri e-lithium-ion ahlukile ngoba anomthamo wokugcina amandla aminyene kakhulu. Uma ekhokhiswa futhi ekhishwe ngokungafanele, angabangela imililo nokuqhuma. Enqubweni yokukhiqiza nokuhlola, lobu buchwepheshe bokugcina amandla budinga ukunemba okuphezulu kakhulu, futhi izicelo eziningi ezivelayo ziqhubeza phambili le mfuneko. Ngokuphathelene nokuma, usayizi, umthamo kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali, izinhlobo zamabhethri e-lithium-ion ziningi kakhulu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, zizophinde zithinte imishini yokuhlola, ngoba zidinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukushaja nokukhipha amajika afanele kulandelwa ngokunembile ukuze kuzuzwe umthamo omkhulu wokugcina nokuthembeka. Futhi izinga.

Njengoba kungekho usayizi owodwa ofanele wonke amabhethri, ukukhetha imishini yokuhlola efanele kanye nabakhiqizi abahlukene bamabhethri e-lithium-ion ahlukene kuzonyusa izindleko zokuhlola. Ukwengeza, ukuqamba okusha okuqhubekayo kwemboni kusho ukuthi ijika lokushaja elishintsha njalo lithuthukiswa, okwenza isihloli sebhethri sibe ithuluzi elibalulekile lokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obusha bebhethri. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi yiziphi izakhiwo zamakhemikhali nemishini yamabhethri e-lithium-ion, kunezindlela eziningi zokushaja nokukhipha enqubweni yabo yokukhiqiza, okwenza abakhiqizi bebhethri babeke ingcindezi kubahloli bebhethri ukuze badinge ukuthi babe nemisebenzi yokuhlola eyingqayizivele.

Ukunemba ngokusobala kuyikhono elidingekayo. Akusho nje kuphela ikhono lokugcina ukunemba kokulawula kwamanje okuphezulu ezingeni eliphansi kakhulu, kodwa futhi kuhlanganisa ikhono lokushintsha ngokushesha phakathi kwezindlela zokushaja nokukhipha kanye naphakathi kwamazinga ahlukene amanje. Lezi zidingo aziqhutshwa kuphela isidingo sokukhiqiza ngobuningi amabhethri e-lithium-ion anezici ezingaguquki kanye nekhwalithi. Abakhiqizi bamabhethri futhi bathemba ukusebenzisa izinqubo zokuhlola nezisetshenziswa njengamathuluzi amasha ukuze bakhe inzuzo yokuncintisana emakethe, njengokushintsha ukushaja. I-algorithm yokwandisa umthamo.

Nakuba kudingeka ukuhlola okuhlukahlukene ezinhlotsheni ezihlukene zamabhethri, abahloli banamuhla bathuthukiselwe osayizi abathile bebhethri. Isibonelo, uma uhlola ibhethri elikhulu, udinga isimanje esikhulu, esihumusha ku-inductance emikhulu nezintambo ezishubile nezinye izici. Ngakho-ke kunezici eziningi ezihilelekile lapho udala umhloli okwazi ukuphatha imisinga ephezulu. Nokho, izimboni eziningi azikhiqizi kuphela uhlobo olulodwa lwebhethri. Angase akhiqizele ikhasimende isethi ephelele yamabhethri amakhulu kuyilapho ehlangabezana nazo zonke izimfuneko zokuhlola zalawa mabhethri, noma angase akhiqize isethi yamabhethri amancane anamandla amancane ekhasimende le-smartphone. .

Lesi yisizathu sokukhuphuka kwezindleko zokuhlola-isihloli sebhethri sithuthukiselwe ukusebenza kwamanje. Abahloli abakwazi ukuphatha imisinga ephakeme ngokuvamile bakhulu futhi babiza kakhulu ngoba abadingi nje kuphela ama-wafer ama-silicon amakhulu, kodwa futhi nezingxenye kazibuthe kanye nezintambo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nemithetho yokufuduka kwe-electromigration nokunciphisa ukwehla kwamandla e-parasitic ohlelweni. Ifekthri idinga ukulungisa izinto ezihlukahlukene zokuhlola nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ukuze ihlangabezane nokukhiqizwa nokuhlolwa kwezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamabhethri. Ngenxa yezinhlobo ezahlukene zamabhethri akhiqizwa ifekthri ngezikhathi ezihlukene, abanye abahloli bangase bangasebenzisani nalawa mabhethri athile futhi bangase bashiywe bengasetshenziswa, okuphinde kwenyuse izindleko ngoba umhloli uwutshalomali olukhulu.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi okwezimboni ezivamile nezisafufusa zokukhiqiza ngobuningi bamabhethri e-lithium-ion avamile, noma abakhiqizi bamabhethri abafuna ukusebenzisa inqubo yokuhlola ukuze basungule futhi bakhe imikhiqizo emisha yebhethri, badinga ukusebenzisa imishini yokuhlola eguquguqukayo ukuze bavumelane nohlu olubanzi lwebhethri. amabhethri. Amandla nosayizi obonakalayo, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezimali, futhi kuthuthukiswe imbuyiselo yokutshalwa kwezimali kwezinto zokuhlola.

Uma uzama ukuthuthukisa kahle isisombululo sokuhlola esisodwa sokuhlanganisa, kunezidingo eziningi ezingqubuzanayo. Ayikho i-panacea yazo zonke izinhlobo zezixazululo zokuhlola ibhethri ye-lithium-ion, kodwa i-Texas Instruments (TI) iphakamise idizayini yesithenjwa enciphisa ukuhwebelana phakathi kokuphumelela kwezindleko nokunemba.

Isixazululo sokuhlola esinembe kakhulu, esilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza zamanje

Izidingo zesimo sokuhlolwa kwebhethri eziyingqayizivele zizohlala zikhona, futhi sidinga isisombululo esiyingqayizivele ngokulinganayo. Kodwa-ke, ezinhlotsheni eziningi zamabhethri e-lithium, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ibhethri elincane le-smart phone noma iphakethe lebhethri elikhulu lemoto kagesi, kungaba khona imishini yokuhlola engabizi kakhulu.

Ukuze kuzuzwe ukushaja okunembayo, kwesikali esigcwele kanye nokukhipha ukunemba kokulawula kwamanje okudingwa amabhethri amaningi e-lithium-ion emakethe, idizayini yereferensi yesihloli sebhethri ye-Texas Instruments ye-50-A, 100-A, kanye ne-200-A isebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza. 50-A Kanye nenhlanganisela yedizayini yokuhlola ibhethri engu-100-A ukuze udale inguqulo yemodular engafinyelela inkokhiso ephezulu kanye nezinga lokushajwa elingu-200-A. Umdwebo webhulokhi walesi sixazululo uboniswa kuMfanekiso 2.

Isibonelo, i-TI ithatha iluphu yokulawula i-voltage engaguquki yamanje futhi engaguquki yomklamo wereferensi womhloli webhethri wezinhlelo zokusebenza zamanje eziphezulu, ezisekela ukushaja okungafika kokungu-50A nezinga lokukhipha. Lo mklamo wereferensi usebenzisa isilawuli samanje se-LM5170-Q1 se-multiphase bidirectional kanye ne-INA188 instrumentation amplifier ukuze ulawule ngokunembile ukungena nokuphuma kwamanje kwebhethri. I-INA188 isebenzisa futhi iqaphe iluphu yokulawula yamanje engaguquki, futhi njengoba yamanje ingageleza kunoma iyiphi indlela, i-multiplexer ye-SN74LV4053A ingalungisa okokufaka kwe-INA188 ngokufanele.

Lesi sixazululo esithile sakha inkundla eguquguqukayo yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga izinga eliphezulu lamanje noma i-multiphase ngokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obuningi obubalulekile be-TI, okubonisa ukuba nokwenzeka kokwakha isisombululo sokuhlola esingabizi kakhulu. Lesi sixazululo esiguquguqukayo nesibheke phambili asigcini nje ngokuhlangabezana nezidingo zanamuhla, kodwa futhi sibikezela inkambiso yokukhula yesikhathi esizayo yamabhethri ezimoto, okuzokwandisa maduzane isidingo sekhono lamanje lomhloli ukuze lidlule i-50A.

Ukwandisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwemishini yokuhlola ibhethri ye-lithium-ion

Idizayini yereferensi yesihloli sebhethri esiyimodulayo ye-Texas Instruments ixazulula izinkinga zokunemba okuphezulu, zamanje kanye neziguquguqukayo zemishini yokuhlola ibhethri ye-lithium-ion. Lo mklamo wereferensi uhlanganisa izinhlobonhlobo zomumo webhethri otholakalayo, osayizi, namandla, futhi ungabhekana nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezivelayo, njengamaphakethe amabhethri amakhulu ezimotweni zikagesi nasezimbonini zamandla elanga, namabhethri anosayizi omncane abavame ukutholakala kuma-electronics abathengi njengama-smart phone. .

Idizayini eyinkomba yokuhlola ibhethri ye-lithium-ion ikuvumela ukuthi utshale imali kumishini yokuhlola ibhethri yamanje ephansi futhi uyisebenzise ngokuhambisana, ususa isidingo sokutshala imali ezibizayo ezakhiweni eziningi ezinamaleveli ahlukahlukene amanje. Ikhono lokusebenzisa okokusebenza kokuhlola kububanzi obuhlukahlukene bamanje lingakhulisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kumishini yokuhlola ibhethri ngokwezinga elikhulu, lehlise inani lezindleko, futhi linikeze ukuguquguquka kokuvumelana nezidingo eziguqukayo zokuhlolwa kwebhethri le-lithium-ion.
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