Menene buƙatun manyan baturan lithium-ion masu inganci? Gabaɗaya magana, tsawon rai, ƙarfin kuzari mai yawa, da ingantaccen aikin aminci sune abubuwan da ake buƙata don auna batirin lithium-ion mai inganci. A halin yanzu ana amfani da batirin lithium-ion a duk fannonin rayuwar yau da kullun, amma mai ƙera ko alama ya bambanta. Akwai wasu bambance-bambance a rayuwar sabis da aikin aminci na baturan lithium-ion, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da ƙimar tsarin samarwa da kayan samarwa; waɗannan sharuɗɗan dole ne su zama sharuɗɗan ingantaccen lithium-ion;

1. Long rayuwar sabis

Rayuwar batir na biyu ya haɗa da alamomi guda biyu: rayuwar zagayowar da rayuwar kalanda. Rayuwar zagayowar yana nufin cewa bayan da batir ya ɗanɗana yawan adadin hawan keke da mai ƙera ya yi alƙawarin, ragowar ƙarfin har yanzu ya fi ko daidai da 80%. Rayuwar kalandar tana nufin cewa ragowar ƙarfin ba zai zama ƙasa da 80% a tsakanin lokacin da mai ƙera ya yi alkawari ba, ko an yi amfani da shi ko a’a.

Rayuwa ɗaya ce daga cikin mahimman alamun batir lithium masu ƙarfi. A gefe guda, babban aikin maye gurbin baturi yana da matukar damuwa kuma kwarewar mai amfani ba ta da kyau; a gefe guda, asali, rayuwa lamari ne mai tsada.

Rayuwar batirin lithium-ion yana nufin cewa ƙarfin batirin ya lalace zuwa ikon da ba a sani ba (a ɗakin zafin jiki na 25 ° C, daidaitaccen matsin yanayi, da 70% na ƙarfin baturin da aka sauke a 0.2C) bayan lokacin amfani , kuma ana iya ɗaukar rayuwa azaman ƙarshen rayuwa. A cikin masana’antar, ana lissafin rayuwar sake zagayowar ta yawan adadin hawan keke na cajin batirin lithium-ion mai cike da caji. A cikin aiwatar da amfani, wani nau’in electrochemical wanda ba zai iya jurewa ba yana faruwa a cikin baturin lithium-ion, wanda ke haifar da raguwar iya aiki, kamar lalatawar electrolyte, kashe kayan aiki, da rushewar sifofin lantarki masu kyau da mara kyau. haifar da raguwar adadin lithium ions intercalation da deintercalation. Jira Gwaje-gwaje sun nuna cewa mafi girman adadin fitarwa zai haifar da saurin rage ƙarfin aiki. Idan halin da ake fitarwa ya yi ƙasa, ƙarfin batirin zai kasance kusa da ƙarfin daidaitawa, wanda zai iya sakin ƙarin kuzari.

Rayuwar ka’idar batirin lithium-ion mai matsakaici kusan 800 ne, wanda shine matsakaici tsakanin batirin lithium-ion mai caji na kasuwanci. Lithium iron phosphate kusan 2,000 hawan keke ne, yayin da lithium titanate aka ce zai iya kai 10,000 cycles. A halin yanzu, manyan masana’antun batir sun yi alƙawarin fiye da sau 500 (cajin da fitarwa a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayi) a cikin ƙayyadaddun ƙwayoyin batirin su. Duk da haka, bayan an haɗa batura a cikin fakitin baturi, saboda al’amurran da suka dace, mafi mahimmancin abubuwan shine ƙarfin lantarki da na ciki Juriya ba zai iya zama daidai ba, kuma rayuwar sake zagayowar ta kusan sau 400. Tagar amfani da SOC da aka ba da shawarar shine 10% ~ 90%. Ba a ba da shawarar yin caji mai zurfi da caji ba, in ba haka ba zai haifar da lalacewar da ba za a iya jurewa ba ga ingantaccen tsarin baturi. Idan ana lissafta ta cajin m da ƙarancin ruwa, rayuwar sake zagayowar zata kasance aƙalla sau 1000. Bugu da kari, idan akai-akai ana fitar da batirin lithium-ion a cikin mawuyacin hali da yanayin zafi, rayuwar batir za ta ragu sosai zuwa kasa da sau 200.

2. Ƙananan kulawa, ƙananan amfani da farashi

Batirin da kansa yana da ƙarancin farashi a kilowatt-hour, wanda shine mafi ƙima. Baya ga abubuwan da aka ambata, ga masu amfani, ko farashin yana da arha da gaske ya dogara da “cikakkiyar farashin wutar lantarki.”

“Cikakken farashin wutar lantarki na wutar lantarki”, jimlar ƙarfin batirin lithium na wutar lantarki ana ninka shi ta adadin da’irori don samun jimlar ƙarfin da za a iya amfani da shi a cikin cikakken rayuwar batir, da jimlar farashin An raba fakitin batir da wannan jimlar don samun farashin kowane kilowatt na wutar lantarki a cikin cikakken tsarin rayuwa.

Farashin baturin da muke magana akai, kamar yuan 1,500/kWh, ya dogara ne kawai akan jimillar makamashin sabon tantanin halitta. A gaskiya ma, farashin wutar lantarki a kowace raka’a na rayuwa shine amfanin kai tsaye na abokin ciniki na ƙarshe. Mafi ilhama sakamakon shine idan ka sayi fakitin batir guda biyu tare da iko iri ɗaya akan farashi ɗaya, ɗayan zai kai ƙarshen rayuwa bayan sau 50 na caji da caji, ɗayan kuma ana iya sake amfani dashi bayan sau 100 na caji da fitarwa. Ana iya ganin waɗannan fakitin baturi biyu a kallo wanda ya fi arha.

Don sanya shi a fili, yana da tsawon rai, mai dorewa kuma yana rage farashi.

Baya ga farashin biyu na sama, ya kamata a yi la’akari da farashin kula da baturi. Kawai la’akari da ƙimar farko, zaɓi tantanin matsalar, ƙimar kulawa daga baya da farashin aiki sun yi yawa. Dangane da kulawar sel ɗin batirin da kansa, yana da mahimmanci a koma ga daidaitawa da hannu. Ginin aikin daidaitawa na BMS yana iyakance ta girman girman ƙirar sa na yanzu, kuma maiyuwa ba zai iya cimma daidaiton ma’auni tsakanin sel ba. Yayin da lokaci ke taruwa, matsalar bambancin matsi mai yawa a cikin fakitin batir zai faru. A irin waɗannan yanayi, dole ne a aiwatar da daidaiton hannu, kuma ana cajin sel batir masu ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki daban. Ƙananan mitar wannan yanayin, ƙananan farashin kulawa.

3. Babban ƙarfin ƙarfi / ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfi

Yawan makamashi yana nufin makamashin da ke ƙunshe a cikin nauyin naúra ko ƙarar naúra; makamashin lantarki da aka fitar ta matsakaicin ƙarar naúrar ko yawan baturi. Gabaɗaya, a cikin girma iri ɗaya, ƙarfin ƙarfin batirin lithium-ion ya ninka sau 2.5 na batir nickel-cadmium da ninki 1.8 na batir nickel-hydrogen. Sabili da haka, lokacin da ƙarfin batir yayi daidai, batirin lithium-ion zai fi na nickel-cadmium da nickel-hydrogen. Karamin girman da nauyi mai nauyi.

Ƙarfin ƙarfin baturi = ƙarfin baturi × dandamali na fitarwa / kaurin baturi / faɗin baturi / tsayin baturi.

Ƙarfin ƙarfi yana nufin ƙimar matsakaicin ƙarfin fitarwa a kowace naúrar nauyi ko girma. A cikin iyakance sararin hanyoyin motocin, ta hanyar ƙara yawa ne kawai za a iya inganta ƙarfin gaba ɗaya da ikon gaba ɗaya. Bugu da kari, tallafin jihar na yanzu yana amfani da karfin makamashi da karfin wutar lantarki a matsayin bakin kofa don auna matakin tallafin, wanda ke kara karfafa mahimmancin yawa.

Koyaya, akwai wani sabani tsakanin ƙarfin kuzari da aminci. Yayin da ƙarfin kuzari ke ƙaruwa, aminci koyaushe zai fuskanci sabbin ƙalubale masu wahala.

4. Babban ƙarfin lantarki

Tun da graphite lantarki da ake amfani da m azaman anode kayan, da ƙarfin lantarki na lithium-ion batura an yafi ƙaddara ta kayan halaye na cathode kayan. Matsakaicin iyakar ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfe na phosphate na lithium shine 3.6V, kuma matsakaicin ƙarfin ƙarfin baturi na lithium na ternary da lithium manganate shine kusan 4.2V (ɓangare na gaba zai bayyana Me yasa matsakaicin ƙarfin ƙarfin batirin Li-ion ba zai wuce 4.2V ba. ). Ƙaddamar da batura masu ƙarfin lantarki hanya ce ta fasaha don baturan lithium-ion don ƙara ƙarfin kuzari. Don haɓaka ƙarfin fitarwa na tantanin halitta, ana buƙatar ingantaccen kayan lantarki tare da babban yuwuwar, kayan lantarki mara kyau tare da ƙarancin ƙarfi da electrolyte tare da madaidaicin babban ƙarfin lantarki.

5. Babban ƙarfin makamashi

Ingantaccen Coulomb, wanda kuma ake kira ingancin caji, yana nufin ƙimar ƙarfin fitarwar baturi zuwa ƙarfin caji yayin zagayowar guda ɗaya. Wato, yawan fitar da takamaiman ƙarfin don cajin takamaiman ƙarfin.

Don ingantaccen kayan lantarki, shine ƙarfin shigar lithium / iyawar delithium, wato, ƙarfin fitarwa / ƙarfin caji; don kayan lantarki mara kyau, shine ƙarfin cirewar lithium / ƙarfin shigar lithium, wato, ƙarfin fitarwa / ƙarfin caji.

A lokacin da ake yin caji, wutar lantarki takan koma makamashin sinadarai, yayin da ake fitar da makamashin, makamashin sinadari ya koma makamashin lantarki. Akwai ƙayyadaddun inganci a cikin shigarwa da fitarwa na makamashin lantarki yayin tafiyar matakai guda biyu, kuma wannan ingancin yana nuna aikin baturi kai tsaye.

Daga mahangar ƙwararrun ilimin lissafi, ƙwarewar Coulomb da ƙarfin kuzari sun bambanta. Isaya shine rabo na wutar lantarki ɗayan kuma rabon aiki.

Ingantaccen kuzarin batirin ajiya da ingancin Coulomb, amma daga bayanin lissafi, akwai alaƙar wutar lantarki tsakanin su biyun. Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na caji da fitarwa ba daidai yake ba, matsakaicin ƙarfin wutan lantarki yana ƙasa da matsakaicin ƙarfin cajin

Ana iya tantance aikin baturin ta ƙarfin ƙarfin baturin. Daga kiyaye makamashi, makamashin wutar lantarki da ya ɓace galibi ana canza shi zuwa ƙarfin zafi. Sabili da haka, ƙarfin kuzarin na iya yin nazarin zafin da batir ke fitarwa yayin aiwatar da aiki, sannan ana iya nazarin alakar da ke tsakanin juriya da zafi. Kuma an san cewa kuzarin makamashi na iya yin hasashen ragowar kuzarin batirin da sarrafa amfanin batir mai ma’ana.

Saboda galibi ba a amfani da ikon shigarwa don canza kayan aiki zuwa yanayin caji, amma ana cinye wani ɓangare na shi (alal misali, halayen gefen da ba za a iya juyawa ba suna faruwa), don haka ingancin Coulomb galibi ƙasa da 100%. Amma dangane da baturan lithium-ion na yanzu, ingancin Coulomb na iya kaiwa 99.9% da sama.

Abubuwan da ke tasiri: lalacewar electrolyte, wucewa ta hanyar dubawa, canje -canje a cikin tsari, ilimin halittar jiki, da haɓaka kayan aiki na lantarki zai rage ingancin Coulomb.

Bugu da kari, yana da kyau a ambaci cewa lalatawar baturi ba ta da tasiri kan ingancin Coulomb kuma ba shi da alaƙa da yanayin zafi.

Nauyin na yanzu yana nuna girman wucewa na yanzu ta kowane yanki. Yayin da yawa na yanzu ya karu, halin yanzu da aka wuce ta tari yana ƙaruwa, ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki yana raguwa saboda juriya na ciki, kuma ingancin Coulomb yana raguwa saboda ƙaddamar da hankali da sauran dalilai. Daga ƙarshe ya haifar da raguwa a cikin ingantaccen makamashi.

6. Kyakkyawan aikin zafi mai kyau

Lithium-ion batura suna da kyakkyawan yanayin zafin zafin jiki, wanda ke nufin cewa ainihin batirin yana cikin yanayin zafin jiki mafi girma, kuma kayan baturi masu kyau da mara kyau, masu rarrabewa da electrolyte suma na iya kula da kwanciyar hankali mai kyau, suna iya yin aiki akai-akai a yanayin zafi, da rayuwa ba za ta hanzarta ba. Babban zafin jiki ba shi da sauƙi don haifar da hatsarori masu gudu.

Zazzabi na batirin lithium-ion yana nuna yanayin zafi na batirin, kuma jigonsa shine sakamakon ƙaruwar zafi da canja wurin zafi na batirin lithium-ion. Nazarin yanayin zafi na batirin lithium-ion, da kuma samar da yanayin zafi da yanayin canja wurin zafi a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban, na iya sa mu gane muhimmiyar hanyar halayen halayen sinadarai a cikin batirin lithium-ion.

Halayen rashin tsaro na batir lithium-ion, gami da yawan cajin baturi da zubar da ruwa, saurin caji da fitarwa, gajeriyar kewayawa, yanayin cin zarafi na inji, da zafin zafin jiki mai zafi, na iya haifar da halayen haɗari masu haɗari a cikin baturi da haifar da zafi, kai tsaye lalata mummunan tabbataccen electrodes Passivation fim akan farfajiya.

Lokacin da yawan zafin jiki ya tashi zuwa 130 ° C, fim ɗin SEI akan farfajiyar wutar lantarki mara kyau ya lalace, yana haifar da babban aiki na lithium carbon korau electrode da za a fallasa zuwa electrolyte don fuskantar tashin hankali-raguwa, da zafi da cewa. faruwa yana sa batir ya shiga cikin haɗari.

Lokacin da zazzabi na ciki na baturi ya haura sama da 200 ° C, fim ɗin wucewa akan madaidaicin murfin wutar lantarki yana lalata ingantaccen lantarki don samar da iskar oxygen, kuma yana ci gaba da yin martani da ƙarfi tare da electrolyte don samar da babban adadin zafi da samar da babban matsin ciki. . Lokacin da zafin baturi ya kai sama da 240°C, yana tare da wani tashin hankali exothermic dauki tsakanin lithium carbon korau electrode da mai ɗaure.

Matsalar zazzabi na batirin lithium-ion yana da babban tasiri akan amincin batirin lithium-ion. Yanayin amfani da kansa yana da takamaiman zafin jiki, kuma zafin baturin lithium ion shima zai bayyana lokacin amfani da shi. Muhimmin abu shine cewa zafin jiki zai yi babban tasiri akan tasirin sunadarai a cikin batirin lithium-ion. Yawan zafin jiki ma yana iya lalata rayuwar sabis na batirin lithium-ion, kuma a cikin mawuyacin hali, zai haifar da matsalolin tsaro ga batirin lithium-ion.

7. Kyakkyawan ƙarancin zafin jiki

Baturan lithium-ion suna da kyakkyawan yanayin zafin zafin jiki, wanda ke nufin cewa a ƙananan yanayin zafi, ions lithium da kayan lantarki a cikin baturin har yanzu suna riƙe da babban aiki, babban ƙarfin saura, rage lalacewar ƙarfin fitarwa, da babban adadin caji.

Yayin da zafin jiki ya faɗi, ragowar ƙarfin baturin lithium-ion yana ruɓe zuwa wani yanayi mai ƙarfi. Ƙananan zafin jiki, saurin lalata iya aiki. Yin caji na tilas a ƙananan zafin jiki yana da matuƙar illa, kuma yana da sauƙin haifar da hatsarorin gudu na zafi. A ƙananan yanayin zafi, ayyukan lithium ions da kayan aiki masu aiki na lantarki suna raguwa, kuma adadin da aka saka ion lithium a cikin kayan lantarki mara kyau yana raguwa sosai. Lokacin da aka yi cajin wutar lantarki ta waje a ƙarfin da ya wuce ƙarfin batir, adadin lithium ions mai yawa ya taru a kusa da electrode mara kyau, kuma ions lithium da ke cikin lantarki sun yi latti don samun electrons sannan kuma kai tsaye ajiya akan na’urar. saman lantarki don samar da lu’ulu’u na elemental lithium. Dendrite yana girma, yana shiga diaphragm kai tsaye, kuma ya huda tabbataccen lantarki. Yana haifar da ɗan gajeren zango tsakanin madaidaitan wayoyin lantarki masu kyau da mara kyau, wanda hakan yana haifar da guduwa daga yanayin zafi.

Baya ga mummunan lalacewar karfin fitar da shi, ba za a iya cajin batirin lithium-ion a ƙarancin zafi. A lokacin cajin ƙaramin zafin jiki, haɗaɗɗen ion lithium a kan ƙirar graphite na baturi da haɗarin haɗarin lithium suna zama tare kuma suna gasa da juna. A ƙarƙashin ƙananan yanayin zafin jiki, an hana watsa ions lithium a cikin graphite, kuma haɓakawar wutar lantarki yana raguwa, wanda ke haifar da raguwa a cikin adadin haɗin kai kuma yana sa saurin ɗaukar lithium zai iya faruwa a farfajiyar hoto. Babban dalilan raguwar rayuwar batirin lithium-ion lokacin da ake amfani da su a ƙananan yanayin zafi shine karuwar rashin ƙarfi na cikin gida da lalacewar iya aiki saboda hazo na ion lithium.

8. Kyakkyawan tsaro

Kariyar batirin lithium-ion ya haɗa ba kawai kwanciyar hankali na kayan cikin gida ba, har ma da tasirin matakan kariya na batirin. Amintattun kayan cikin gida yana nufin abubuwa masu kyau da marasa kyau, diaphragm da electrolyte, waɗanda ke da kwanciyar hankali mai ɗorewar zafi, kyakkyawar jituwa tsakanin electrolyte da kayan wutan lantarki, da kyakkyawan jinkirin harshen wutar lantarki kanta. Matakan taimako na aminci suna nufin ƙirar bawul ɗin aminci na tantanin halitta, ƙirar fuse, ƙirar juriya mai zafin zafi, da hankali ya dace. Bayan tantanin halitta ɗaya ya kasa, zai iya hana kuskuren yadawa kuma ya yi hidimar manufar keɓewa.

9. Kyakkyawan daidaito

Ta hanyar “tasirin ganga” mun fahimci mahimmancin daidaiton batir. Daidaituwa yana nufin sel ɗin batirin da ake amfani da su a cikin fakitin baturi ɗaya, iya aiki, ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai buɗewa, juriya na ciki, fitar da kai da sauran sigogi ƙanana kaɗan, kuma aikin yayi kama. Idan daidaiton sel na batir tare da ingantaccen aikin sa bai yi kyau ba, galibi ana fifita fifikon sa bayan an kafa ƙungiyar. Bincike ya nuna cewa ƙarfin fakitin batir bayan haɗawa an ƙaddara shi ta ƙaramin sel mai iya aiki, kuma rayuwar fakitin batirin bai wuce rayuwar ɗan ƙaramin sel ba.