Zithini iimfuno zebhetri ekumgangatho ophezulu we-lithium-ion? Ngokubanzi, ubomi obude, uxinano oluphezulu lwamandla, kunye nokusebenza okukhuselekileyo kokukhusela zizinto ezifunekayo zokulinganisa ibhetri ye-lithium-ion ekumgangatho ophezulu. Iibhetri zeLithium-ion okwangoku zisetyenziswa kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi bemihla ngemihla, kodwa umenzi okanye uphawu lwahlukileyo. Kukho umahluko kubomi benkonzo kunye nokusebenza kukhuseleko lweebhetri ze-lithium-ion, ezinxulumene kakhulu nemilinganiselo yenkqubo yokuvelisa kunye nezinto zokuvelisa; le miqathango ilandelayo kufuneka ibe yimeko ye-lithium-ion ekumgangatho ophezulu;

1. Ubomi benkonzo ende

Ubomi bebhetri yesibini bubandakanya izibonakaliso ezimbini: ubomi bomjikelezo kunye nobomi bekhalenda. Ubomi bomjikelezo buthetha ukuba emva kokuba ibhetri ifumene inani lemijikelo ethenjiswe ngumenzi, umthamo oseleyo usemkhulu okanye ulingana ne-80%. Ubomi bekhalenda buthetha ukuba umthamo oseleyo awuyi kuba ngaphantsi kwe-80% kwixesha elithenjiswe ngumenzi, kungakhathaliseki ukuba liyasetyenziswa okanye hayi.

Ubomi sesinye sezibonakaliso eziphambili zamandla ebhetri ye-lithium. Kwelinye icala, isenzo esikhulu sokutshintsha ibhetri siyingxaki ngokwenene kwaye namava omsebenzisi awalunganga; kwelinye icala, ngokusisiseko, ubomi ngumbandela weendleko.

Ubomi bebhetri ye-lithium-ion buthetha ukuba amandla ebhetri abola kumthamo wegama (kwiqondo lokushisa le-25 ° C, uxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lwe-atmospheric, kunye ne-70% yomthamo webhetri ekhutshwe kwi-0.2C) emva kwexesha lokusetyenziswa. , kwaye ubomi bunokugqalwa njengesiphelo sobomi. Kwishishini, ubomi bomjikelezo ngokuqhelekileyo bubalwa ngenani lemijikelezo yeebhetri ze-lithium-ion ezihlawulwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye zikhutshwe. Kwinkqubo yokusetyenziswa, ukuphendulwa kwe-electrochemical engenakuguqulwa kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwebhetri ye-lithium-ion, ekhokelela ekunciphiseni umthamo, njengokubola kwe-electrolyte, ukuvalwa kwezinto ezisebenzayo, kunye nokuwa kwezakhiwo ze-electrode ezintle kunye ezimbi. kukhokelela ekwehleni kwinani le-lithium ion kunye nokuncipha. Yima. Uvavanyo lubonisa ukuba inqanaba eliphezulu lokukhutshwa liya kukhokelela ekunciphiseni amandla ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba ukukhutshwa ngoku kuphantsi, ivolthi yebhetri iya kuba kufutshane ne-equilibrium voltage, enokuthi ikhuphe amandla amaninzi.

Ubomi bethiyori ye-ternary lithium-ion ibhetri malunga nemijikelo ye-800, ephakathi phakathi kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion ezinokutshajwa kwakhona. I-Lithium iron phosphate imalunga nee-2,000 cycles, ngelixa i-lithium titanate kuthiwa ikwazi ukufikelela kwimijikelezo ye-10,000. Okwangoku, abavelisi bebhetri abaqhelekileyo bathembisa ngaphezu kwamaxesha e-500 (ukuhlawula kunye nokukhutshwa phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo) kwiinkcukacha zeeseli zabo ze-ternary battery. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokuba iibhetri zihlanganiselwe kwipakethe yebhetri, ngenxa yemicimbi engaguquguqukiyo, ezona zinto zibalulekileyo zii-voltage kunye nezangaphakathi Ukuchasana akunakuba ngokufanayo, kwaye ubomi bayo bomjikelo bumalunga namaxesha angama-400. Ifestile ecetyiswayo yokusetyenziswa kweSOC yi-10% ~ 90%. Ukutshaja okunzulu kunye nokukhutshwa akukhuthazwa, ngaphandle koko kuya kubangela umonakalo ongenakuguqulwa kwisakhiwo esilungileyo nesibi sebhetri. Ukuba ibalwa ngentlawulo enzulu kunye nokukhutshwa okuncinci, ubomi bomjikelezo buya kuba ngamaxesha angama-1000 ubuncinane. Ukongeza, ukuba iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zihlala zikhutshwa kwiindawo eziphakamileyo kunye nobushushu obuphezulu, ubomi bebhetri buya kuncitshiswa kakhulu bube ngaphantsi kwamaxesha angama-200.

2. Ukugcinwa okuncinci, iindleko zokusetyenziswa eziphantsi

Ibhetri ngokwayo inexabiso eliphantsi nge-kilowatt-yure, eyona ndleko i-intuitive. Ukongeza koku kuchazwe ngentla, kubasebenzisi, nokuba indleko ziphantsi ngokwenene kuxhomekeke “kumjikelo wobomi opheleleyo weendleko zombane.”

“Ixabiso elipheleleyo lomjikelo wobomi bombane”, amandla ewonke amandla ebhetri ye-lithium aphindaphindwa ngenani lemijikelo ukufumana isixa esipheleleyo samandla anokusetyenziswa kumjikelezo wobomi bebhetri, kunye nexabiso lilonke ibhetri ipakethe yahlulwe ngesi samba ukufumana ixabiso ngekilowathi nganye yombane kumjikelo wobomi obupheleleyo.

Ixabiso lebhetri esihlala sithetha ngalo, elifana ne-1,500 yuan/kWh, lisekelwe kuphela kumandla ewonke ebhetri entsha. Ngapha koko, indleko zombane kwiyunithi yobomi sisibonelelo esithe ngqo kumthengi wokugqibela. Esona siphumo esine-intuitive kukuba ukuba uthenge iipakethi ezimbini zebhetri ngamandla afanayo ngexabiso elifanayo, enye iya kufikelela ekupheleni kobomi emva kwamaxesha e-50 yokutshaja kunye nokukhupha, kwaye enye ingaphinda isetyenziswe emva kwamaxesha e-100 yokutshaja kunye nokukhupha. Ezi pack zimbini zebhetri zinokubonwa ngokujonga okungabizi kakhulu.

To put it bluntly, it is long life, durable and reduces costs.

Ukongeza kwezi ndleko zimbini zingentla, iindleko zokulondolozwa kwebhetri nazo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Qwalasela nje iindleko zokuqala, khetha iseli yengxaki, iindleko zokuyilungisa kamva kunye neendleko zabasebenzi ziphezulu kakhulu. Ngokumalunga nokugcinwa kwebhetri ngokwayo, kubalulekile ukubhekisela kwi-balance balance. Umsebenzi wokulinganisa owakhelwe-ngaphakathi we-BMS ulinganiselwe ngobungakanani boyilo lwayo lokulinganisa ngoku, kwaye ayinakukwazi ukufikelela kwibhalansi efanelekileyo phakathi kweeseli. Njengoko ixesha liqokelelana, ingxaki yokumahluko ogqithisileyo woxinzelelo kwipakethi yebhetri iya kwenzeka. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ukulinganisa ngesandla kufuneka kwenziwe, kwaye iiseli zebhetri ezinombane ophantsi kakhulu zihlawuliswa ngokwahlukileyo. Okuya kusezantsi ukuphindaphindeka kwale meko, kokukhona iindleko zokuyigcina zisezantsi.

3. Ubuninzi bamandla aphezulu / ubuninzi bamandla aphezulu

Ubuninzi bamandla bubhekisa kumandla aqulethwe kubunzima beyunithi okanye kumthamo weyunithi; amandla ombane akhutshwa ngumyinge weyunithi yomthamo okanye ubunzima bebhetri. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kumthamo ofanayo, ubuninzi bamandla ebhetri ye-lithium-ion yi-2.5 amaxesha ebhetri ye-nickel-cadmium kunye namaxesha angama-1.8 eebhetri ze-nickel-hydrogen. Ngoko ke, xa amandla ebhetri elingana, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ziya kuba ngcono kune-nickel-cadmium kunye neebhetri ze-nickel-hydrogen. Ubungakanani obuncinci kunye nobunzima obulula.

Ubuninzi bamandla ebhetri=umthamo webhetri× iqonga lokukhupha/ubukhulu bebhetri/ububanzi bebhetri/ubude bebhetri.

Uxinaniso lwamandla lubhekisa kwixabiso lamandla okukhutshwa aphezulu ngeyunithi yobunzima okanye umthamo. Kwisithuba esilinganiselweyo sezithuthi zendlela, kuphela ngokonyusa uxinano amandla apheleleyo kunye namandla apheleleyo anokuphuculwa ngokufanelekileyo. Ukongeza, inkxaso-mali karhulumente yangoku isebenzisa ukuxinana kwamandla kunye nokuxinana kwamandla njengombundu wokulinganisa inqanaba leenkxaso, eliqinisa ngakumbi ukubaluleka koxinano.

Nangona kunjalo, kukho ukungqubana okuthile phakathi koxinano lwamandla kunye nokhuseleko. Njengoko uxinano lwamandla lusanda, ukhuseleko luya kuhlala lujongene nemingeni emitsha kunye nobunzima.

4. Umbane ophezulu

Kuba i-graphite electrode zisetyenziswa njengezinto ze-anode, ivolthi yeebhetri ze-lithium-ion ubukhulu becala imiselwe ziimpawu ezibonakalayo zezinto zekathode. Umda ophezulu we-voltage ye-lithium iron phosphate yi-3.6V, kwaye ubuninzi bombane we-ternary lithium kunye neebhetri ze-lithium manganate malunga ne-4.2V (inxalenye elandelayo iya kuchaza Kutheni ibhetri ye-Li-ion ingenakudlula i-4.2V ). Ukuphuhliswa kweebhetri ze-high-voltage yindlela yobugcisa kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion ukwandisa ubuninzi bamandla. Ukwandisa i-voltage ye-output yeseli, i-electrode i-positive material ene-high-high, i-electrode engafanelekanga kunye ne-electrolyte ene-stable high voltage iyadingeka.

5. Ukusebenza kwamandla aphezulu

Ukusebenza kweCoulomb, ekwabizwa ngokuba kukutshaja ngokufanelekileyo, kubhekiselele kumlinganiselo wokukhupha ibhetri kumthamo wokutshaja ngexesha lomjikelo ofanayo. Oko kukuthi, ipesenti yokukhupha umthamo othile wokubiza umthamo othile.

Kwizinto eziphathekayo ze-electrode, yi-lithium yokufaka umthamo / umthamo we-delithium, oko kukuthi, ukukhupha umthamo / umthamo wokuhlawula; ngenxa yezinto ezimbi ze-electrode, ngumthamo wokususwa kwe-lithium / umthamo wokufakwa kwe-lithium, oko kukuthi, umthamo wokukhupha / umthamo wokutshaja.

During the charging process, electrical energy is converted into chemical energy, and during the discharging process, chemical energy is converted into electrical energy. There is a certain efficiency in the input and output of electrical energy during the two conversion processes, and this efficiency directly reflects the performance of the battery.

From the perspective of professional physics, Coulomb efficiency and energy efficiency are different. One is the ratio of electricity and the other is the ratio of work.

Ukusebenza kwamandla kwebhetri yokugcina kunye nokusebenza kweCoulomb, kodwa ukusuka kwintetho yemathematics, kukho ubudlelwane bevolthi phakathi kwezi zimbini. Umbane ophakathi wentlawulo kunye nokukhutshelwa ayilingani, i-avareji yombane wokukhutshwa ngokubanzi ungaphantsi komndilili wombane wentlawulo

Ukusebenza kwebhetri kunokujongwa ngokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla ebhetri. Ukusuka kugcino lwamandla, amandla ombane alahlekileyo aguqulwa ikakhulu abe ngamandla obushushu. Ke ngoko, amandla ombane anokuhlalutya ubushushu obuveliswe yibhetri ngexesha lokusebenza, emva koko kuhlalutywe ubudlelwane phakathi kokuchasana kwangaphakathi kunye nobushushu. Kwaye kuyaziwa ukuba ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunokuqikelela amandla aseleyo ebhetri kwaye ulawule ukusetyenziswa okunengqiqo kwebhetri.

Ngenxa yokuba amandla okufakwayo ahlala engasetyenziselwa ukuguqula izinto ezisebenzayo zibe yimeko ehlawuliswayo, kodwa inxalenye yayo idliwe (umzekelo, ukuphendulwa kwecala elingenakuguqulwa kwenzeka), ngoko ukusebenza kweCoulomb ngokuqhelekileyo kungaphantsi kwe-100%. Kodwa ngokubhekiselele kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion zangoku, ukusebenza kweCoulomb kunokufikelela kwi-99.9% nangaphezulu.

Izinto ezichaphazelayo: ukuchithwa kwe-electrolyte, i-interface passivation, utshintsho kwisakhiwo, i-morphology, kunye ne-conductivity yezinto ezisebenzayo ze-electrode ziya kunciphisa ukusebenza kweCoulomb.

Ukongeza, kufanelekile ukukhankanya ukuba ukubola kwebhetri kunefuthe elincinci ekusebenzeni kweCoulomb kwaye kunento encinci yokwenza nobushushu.

Uxinano lwangoku lubonisa ubungakanani bento edlulayo ngoku kwiyunithi yendawo. Njengoko ingxinano yangoku isanda, ikhoyo ngoku egqithiswe sisitaki iyanda, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla ombane kuyehla ngenxa yokuchasana kwangaphakathi, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kweCoulomb kuncipha ngenxa yepolarization yoxinaniso kunye nezinye izizathu. Ekugqibeleni kukhokelela ekunciphiseni kokusebenza kwamandla.

6. Ukusebenza kakuhle kobushushu obuphezulu

Iibhetri zeLithium-ion zisebenza kakuhle kubushushu obuphezulu, oko kuthetha ukuba isiseko sebhetri sikwisimo sobushushu esiphezulu, kwaye izinto zebhetri ezilungileyo nezingalunganga, isahluli kunye ne-electrolyte nazo zinokugcina uzinzo olungileyo, zinokusebenza ngesiqhelo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, kwaye ubomi abuyi kukhawuleziswa. Ubushushu obuphezulu akulula ukwenza iingozi zokubaleka ezishushu.

Ubushushu bebhetri ye-lithium-ion bubonisa imeko yokufudumala kwebhetri, kwaye isiseko sayo sisiphumo sokuvelisa ukushisa kunye nokutshintshwa kobushushu bebhetri ye-lithium-ion. Ukufunda iimpawu zokufudumala kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion, kunye nokuveliswa kobushushu kunye neempawu zokutshintshwa kobushushu phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo, kunokusenza siqonde indlela ebalulekileyo yokuphendula kweekhemikhali exothermic ngaphakathi kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion.

Ukuziphatha okungakhuselekanga kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion, kubandakanywa ukutshaja kwebhetri kunye nokukhupha, ukuhlawuliswa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokukhutshwa, isiphaluka esifutshane, iimeko zokusetyenziswa kakubi komatshini, kunye nokushisa okuphezulu kwe-thermal, kunokubangela ngokukhawuleza ukuphendula okuyingozi ngaphakathi kwebhetri kwaye kuvelise ukushisa, ukutshabalalisa ngokuthe ngqo okubi kunye electrode positive Ifilimu yokuphumelela kumphezulu.

Xa ubushushu beseli bunyukela kwi-130 ° C, ifilimu ye-SEI kumphezulu we-electrode engeyiyo iyabola, ibangela ukuba i-lithium carbon negative electrode ibonakale kwi-electrolyte ukuze ingene kwi-reaction enobundlobongela yokunciphisa i-oxidation, kunye nobushushu obuya kuncipha. iyenzeka yenza ibhetri ingene kwindawo yomngcipheko ophezulu.

Xa ubushushu bangaphakathi bebhetri buphakama ngaphezu kwe-200 ° C, ifilimu yokugqithisa kwi-electrode ekhangayo ichitha i-electrode efanelekileyo ukuvelisa i-oksijini, kwaye iyaqhubeka isabela ngobundlobongela kunye ne-electrolyte ukuvelisa ubushushu obukhulu kwaye yenze uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwangaphakathi. . Xa ubushushu bebhetri bufikelela ngaphezu kwe-240 ° C, luhamba kunye nesenzo esinobundlobongela phakathi kwe-lithium carbon negative electrode kunye ne-binder.

Ingxaki yobushushu beebhetri ze-lithium-ion zinempembelelo enkulu kukhuseleko lweebhetri ze-lithium-ion. Indawo yokusetyenziswa ngokwayo inobushushu obuthile, kwaye ubushushu bebhetri ye-lithium ion iya kubonakala xa isetyenziswa. Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ukushisa kuya kuba nefuthe elikhulu kwi-chemical reaction ngaphakathi kwebhetri ye-lithium-ion. Ukushisa okuphezulu kakhulu kunokonakalisa ubomi benkonzo yebhetri ye-lithium-ion, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, kuya kubangela iingxaki zokhuseleko kwibhetri ye-lithium-ion.

7. Ukusebenza kakuhle kweqondo lokushisa eliphantsi

Iibhetri ze-Lithium-ion zinomgangatho ophantsi wokushisa ophantsi, oku kuthetha ukuba kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi, i-lithium ion kunye nezinto ze-electrode ngaphakathi kwebhetri zisagcina umsebenzi ophezulu, umthamo ophezulu wokushiya, ukunciphisa ukuchithwa kwamandla okukhutshwa, kunye nexabiso elikhulu elivumelekileyo lokutshaja.

Njengoko iqondo lokushisa liyehla, umthamo oseleyo webhetri ye-lithium-ion ubola kwimeko ekhawulezayo. Okukhona iqondo lobushushu lisezantsi, kokukhona ukubola komthamo ngokukhawuleza. Ukutshaja ngenkani kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi kuyingozi kakhulu, kwaye kulula kakhulu ukubangela iingozi ezibalekayo. Kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi, umsebenzi we-lithium ion kunye nezinto ezisebenzayo ze-electrode ziyancipha, kwaye isantya apho i-lithium ion ifakwe kwizinto ezimbi ze-electrode iyancitshiswa kakhulu. Xa unikezelo lwamandla lwangaphandle luhlawuliswa kumandla angaphezu kwamandla avumelekileyo ebhetri, isixa esikhulu se-lithium ion siqokelela malunga ne-electrode engalunganga, kwaye ii-ion ze-lithium ezifakwe kwi-electrode zide kakhulu ukuba zifumane ii-electron kwaye zifake ngqo kwi-electrode. umphezulu we-electrode ukwenza i-lithium elemental crystals. I-dendrite ikhula, ingena kwi-diaphragm ngokuthe ngqo, kwaye igqobhoze i-electrode efanelekileyo. Ibangela isiphaluka esifutshane phakathi kwee-electrodes ezilungileyo kunye ezimbi, ezikhokelela ekubalekeni kwe-thermal.

Ukongeza kokuwohloka okukhulu kwamandla okukhutshwa, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion azikwazi ukuhlawuliswa kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi. Ngexesha lokutshaja okuphantsi kobushushu, ukudityaniswa kwe-ion ze-lithium kwi-electrode yegraphite yebhetri kunye ne-lithium plating reaction kunye nokukhuphisana. Phantsi kweemeko zobushushu obuphantsi, ukusasazwa kwee-ion ze-lithium kwigraphite kuyathintelwa, kwaye ukuqhutywa kwe-electrolyte kuncipha, nto leyo ekhokelela ekwehleni kwezinga lokuhlangana kwaye yenza ukusabela kwe-lithium plating kwenzeke ngakumbi kumphezulu wegraphite. Izizathu eziphambili zokunciphisa ubomi beebhetri ze-lithium-ion xa zisetyenziswe kumaqondo okushisa aphantsi kukunyuka kwe-impedance yangaphakathi kunye nokuthotywa kwamandla ngenxa yemvula ye-lithium ion.

8. Ukhuseleko olulungileyo

Ukhuseleko lweebhetri ze-lithium-ion alubandakanyi nje ukuzinza kwezinto zangaphakathi, kodwa kunye nokusebenza kweendlela zokuncedisa ukhuseleko lwebhetri. Ukukhuselwa kwezinto zangaphakathi kubhekiselele kwizinto ezintle kunye nezibi, i-diaphragm kunye ne-electrolyte, enozinzo oluhle lwe-thermal, ukuhambelana kakuhle phakathi kwe-electrolyte kunye ne-electrode material, kunye nokutshatyalaliswa komlilo okulungileyo kwe-electrolyte ngokwayo. Amanyathelo ancedisayo okhuseleko abhekiselele kuyilo lwevalvu yokhuseleko yeseli, uyilo lwefuse, uyilo olungevayo kubushushu, kunye novakalelo lufanelekile. Emva kokuba iseli enye ingaphumeleli, inokuthintela impazamo ukuba ingasasazeki kwaye isebenze injongo yokuzahlula.

9. Ukungqinelana okuhle

Through the “barrel effect” we understand the importance of battery consistency. Consistency refers to the battery cells used in the same battery pack, the capacity, open circuit voltage, internal resistance, self-discharge and other parameters are extremely small, and the performance is similar. If the consistency of the battery cell with its own excellent performance is not good, its superiority is often smoothed out after the group is formed. Studies have shown that the capacity of the battery pack after grouping is determined by the smallest capacity cell, and the battery pack life is less than the life of the shortest cell.