Ndezvipi zvinodiwa zvemhando yepamusoro lithium-ion mabhatiri? Kazhinji, hupenyu hurefu, kuwanda kwesimba, uye kuita kwakavimbika kuchengetedza ndizvo zvinodikanwa pakuyera bhatiri remhando yepamusoro lithium-ion. Lithium-ion mabhatiri parizvino ari kushandiswa muzvinhu zvese zvehupenyu hwezuva nezuva, asi mugadziri kana mucherechedzo wakasiyana. Pane mimwe misiyano muhupenyu hwebasa nekuchengetedzwa kwekuita kwemabhatiriyiti eioniyamu-ion, ayo ari pedyo chaizvo neyakaenzana maitiro ekugadzira uye zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira; zvinotevera mamiriro anofanira kunge ari mamiriro ehunhu-lithium-ion;

1. Hurefu hwehupenyu hwekushumirwa

Hupenyu hwebhatiri rechipiri hunosanganisira zviratidzo zviviri: hupenyu hwekutenderera uye hupenyu hwekarenda. Hupenyu hwekutenderera zvinoreva kuti mushure mekunge bhatiri raona huwandu hwemasekete akavimbiswa nemugadziri, iyo yakasara kugona ichiri yakakura kudarika kana yakaenzana ne80%. Hupenyu hwekarenda hunoreva kuti huwandu hwasara haungave husingasviki 80% mukati menguva yakavimbiswa nemugadziri, kunyangwe ikashandiswa kana kwete.

Hupenyu ndechimwe chezviratidzo zvakakosha zvesimba lithium mabhatiri. Kune rumwe rutivi, chiito chikuru chekutsiva bhatiri chinonetsa chaizvo uye ruzivo rwemushandisi haruna kunaka; kune rumwe rutivi, zvikurukuru, upenyu inhau inodhura.

Upenyu hwebhatiri relithium-ion zvinoreva kuti simba rebhatiri rinoora kusvika pachiyero chezita (pakamuri tembiricha ye25 ° C, yakajairwa atmospheric pressure, uye 70% yebhatiri simba rinoburitswa pa0.2C) mushure menguva yekushandiswa. , uye upenyu hunogona kurangarirwa somugumo woupenyu. Muindastiri, hupenyu hwekutenderera hunowanzo kuverengerwa nehuwandu hwekutenderera kwechaji yakazara uye yakaburitswa lithium-ion mabhatiri. Mukati mekushandiswa, isingadzokerike electrochemical reaction inoitika mukati me lithium-ion bhatiri, izvo zvinotungamira mukudzikira kwesimba, sekuparara kweelectrolyte, kuvharika kwezvinhu zvinoshanda, uye kudonha kweiyo yakanaka uye yakaipa electrode zvimiro. kutungamirira mukuderera kwehuwandu hwe lithium ions intercalation uye deintercalation. Mira. Ongororo dzinoratidza kuti chiyero chepamusoro chekubuda chinotungamira kukurumidza kuderedzwa kwesimba. Kana izvo zvinoyerera zvadzikira, bhatiri voltage ichave iri padyo neiyo equilibrium voltage, iyo inogona kuburitsa yakawanda simba.

Hupenyu hwekufungidzira hwe ternary lithium-ion bhatiri ndeye 800 cycles, iyo iri pakati pakati pekutengesa rechargeable lithium-ion mabhatiri. Lithium iron phosphate ingangoita zviuru zviviri, asi lithium titanate inonzi inokwanisa kusvika zviuru gumi. Parizvino, vanogadzira mabhatiri makuru vanovimbisa kanopfuura ka2,000 (kuchaja uye kuburitsa pasi pemamiriro akajairwa) mune zvakatemwa zvemaseru ebhatiri avo. Nekudaro, mushure mekunge mabhatiri aunganidzwa mubhatiri pack, nekuda kweyakaenderana nyaya, izvo zvakakosha zvinhu imagetsi uye zvemukati Kuramba hakugone kunyatso fanika, uye hupenyu hwayo hwekutenderera hunenge ka10,000 nguva. Iyo yakakurudzirwa SOC hwindo rekushandisa i500% ~ 400%. Kuchaja kwakadzika uye kuburitsa hakukurudzirwe, zvikasadaro zvinokonzeresa kukuvadza kusingachinjiki kune yakanaka uye yakaipa chimiro chebhatiri. Kana ichiverengerwa nemutengo wakadzika uye kudzika kwakadzika, hupenyu hwekutenderera hungave kanosvika ka10. Uye zvakare, kana mabhatiri e-lithium-ion achiwanzoburitswa munzvimbo dzakakwira-tembiricha, hupenyu hwebhatiri hunodzikiswa zvakanyanya kusvika pasi pe90 nguva.

2. Kugadziriswa kushoma, mutengo wekushandisa wakaderera

Iyo bhatiri pachayo ine mutengo wakaderera pa kilowatt-awa, iyo inodhura zvakanyanya intuitive. Mukuwedzera kune zvambotaurwa, kune vashandisi, kuti mutengo wakaderera zvakadii kunoenderana ne “yakazara hupenyu hwekutenderera mutengo wemagetsi.”

“Huzere hupenyu kutenderera mutengo wemagetsi”, iro simba rese remagetsi lithiamu bhatiri inowedzerwa nenhamba yemasekondi kuwana huwandu hwesimba iro rinogona kushandiswa muhupenyu hwakazara hwebhatiri, uye mutengo wese weiyo bhatiri pack rakakamurwa nemari iyi kuti uwane mutengo pa kilowatt yemagetsi muhupenyu hwakazara.

Mutengo webhatiri watinowanzo taura nezvawo, senge 1,500 yuan / kWh, unongotarirwa pasimba rezvese renhare nyowani yebhatiri. Kutaura zvazviri, mari yemagetsi pachikamu chehupenyu ndiyo inobatsira yakananga yemutengi wekupedzisira. Mhedzisiro yakanyanya kunaka ndeyekuti kana ukatenga mabhatiri maviri ane simba rimwechete pamutengo mumwe chete, imwe ichasvika kumagumo ehupenyu mushure menguva makumi mashanu yekuchaja nekuburitsa, uye imwe inogona kushandiswa zvakare mushure memazana zana ekuchaja nekuburitsa. Aya maviri mabhatiri mapakeji anogona kuoneka nekukasira izvo zvakachipa.

Kutaura zvakajeka, hupenyu hurefu, hunogara uye hunoderedza mari.

Pamusoro pemitengo miviri iri pamusoro, mutengo wekuchengetedza bhatiri unofanirwawo kutariswa. Ingofunga nezve mutengo wekutanga, sarudza sero dambudziko, iyo gare gare kugadzirisa mutengo uye mutengo wevashandi wakakwira zvakanyanya. Nezve kuchengetedzwa kwebhatiri sero pachayo, zvakakosha kutaura kune manual balancing. Iyo BMS’s yakavakirwa-mukati yakaenzana basa inoganhurwa nehukuru hweiyo dhizaini yekuenzanisa ikozvino, uye inogona kusakwanisa kuwana yakaringana chiyero pakati pemasero. Sezvo nguva inoungana, dambudziko rekunyanyisa kumanikidza musiyano mubhatiri pack richaitika. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, kuenzanisa kwebhuku kunofanirwa kuitwa, uye maseru ebhatiri ane akadzika kwazvo magetsi anobhadhariswa zvakasiyana. Iyo yakadzika kuwanda kweiyi mamiriro, iyo yakaderera iyo yekugadzirisa mutengo.

3. High simba density / high simba density

Kuwanda kwemagetsi zvinoreva simba riri muhuremu hweyuniti kana vhoriyamu yeyuniti; simba remagetsi rinoburitswa neavhareji yevhoriyamu yevhoriyamu kana huwandu hwebhatiri. Kazhinji, muvhoriyamu imwe chete, kuwanda kwesimba remabhatiri e-lithium-ion kakapetwa ka2.5 kune enickel-cadmium mabhatiri uye 1.8 nguva yebhatiri renickel-hydrogen. Naizvozvo, kana huwandu hwebhatiri hwakaenzana, mabhatiri e-lithium-ion anove ari nani pane nickel-cadmium uye nickel-hydrogen mabhatiri. Ukuru hudiki uye huremu hwakareruka.

Battery simba density = simba rebhatiri× chikuva chekuburitsa/kukora bhatiri/hupamhi hwebhatiri/hurefu hwebhatiri.

Kuwanda kwesimba kunoreva kukosha kwesimba rekubuda kwepamusoro pahuremu hweyuniti kana vhoriyamu. Munzvimbo yakaganhurirwa yemotokari dzemumigwagwa, chete nekuwedzera kuwanda kwesimba simba rese pamwe nesimba rose zvinogona kunyatso kuvandudzwa. Mukuwedzera, hurumende yemazuva ano rubatsiro inoshandisa simba remagetsi uye simba remagetsi sechikumbaridzo chekuyera chiyero chekubatsira, izvo zvinowedzera kusimbisa kukosha kwehuwandu.

Nekudaro, pane kumwe kupokana pakati pesimba density uye kuchengeteka. Sezvo kuwanda kwesimba kunowedzera, chengetedzo ichagara yakatarisana nematambudziko matsva uye akaoma.

4. High voltage

Sezvo magirafu emagetsi achinyanya kushandiswa seanode zvinhu, voltage ye lithium-ion mabhatiri anonyanya kutariswa nehunhu hwezvinhu zvecathode zvinhu. Muganho wepamusoro wevoltage ye lithium iron phosphate ndeye 3.6V, uye iyo yakanyanya voltage ye ternary lithium uye lithium manganate mabhatiri ndeye 4.2V (chikamu chinotevera chichatsanangura Sei iyo yakanyanya voltage yeLi-ion bhatiri isingapfuuri 4.2V ) Iko kugadzirwa kwemabhatiri e-high-voltage inzira yehunyanzvi ye lithium-ion mabhatiri kuwedzera simba remagetsi. Kuti uwedzere simba rekubuda kwesero, chinhu chakanaka che electrode ine simba rakakwirira, chinhu chisina kunaka che electrode ine simba rakaderera uye electrolyte ine yakagadzikana yakakwirira voltage inodiwa.

5. Kushanda nesimba kwepamusoro

Kushanda kweCoulomb, kunonziwo kuchaja kunyatsoita, kunoreva chiyero chekuburitsa bhatiri kune huwandu hwekuchaja panguva imwe chete. Ndiko kuti, iyo muzana yekuburitsa chaiyo kugona kubhadharisa chaiyo huwandu.

Nokuda kwezvinhu zvakanaka zve electrode, ndiyo lithium insertion capacity/delithium capacity, kureva kuti, discharge capacity/charge capacity; yezvinhu zvisina kunaka zvemagetsi, ndiyo lithiamu kubvisa chinzvimbo / lithium yekuisa inokwana, ndiko kuti, kuburitsa kugona / kubhadharisa kugona.

Munguva yekuchaja, simba remagetsi rinoshandurwa kuita kemikari simba, uye panguva yekuburitsa, simba remakemikari rinoshandurwa kuita simba remagetsi. Pane humwe hunobudirira mukupinza uye kubuda kwesimba remagetsi panguva yemaitiro maviri ekushandura, uye kushanda uku kunoratidza zvakananga kushanda kwebhatiri.

Kubva pamaonero ehunyanzvi fizikisi, kushanda kweCoulomb uye kushanda nesimba kwakasiyana. Imwe chiyero chemagetsi uye imwe chiyero chebasa.

Kushanda kwesimba kwebhatiri rekuchengetedza uye kugona kweCoulomb, asi kubva pakutaura kwemasvomhu, pane hukama hwemagetsi pakati pezviviri izvi. Ivhareji yemagetsi ekuchaja uye kuburitsa haina kuenzana, avhareji magetsi ekubuda kazhinji kazhinji akaderera pane avhareji voltage yemari

Kushanda kwebhatiri kunogona kuongororwa nekushanda kwesimba kwebhatiri. Kubva pakuchengetedza simba, simba remagetsi rakarasika rinonyanya kushandurwa kuva simba rekupisa. Naizvozvo, kugona kwesimba kunogona kuongorora kupisa kunogadzirwa nebhatiri panguva yekushanda, uyezve hukama pakati pekupokana kwemukati uye kupisa kunogona kuongororwa. Uye zvinozivikanwa kuti kugona kwesimba kunogona kufanotaura simba rakasara rebhatiri uye kugadzirisa mashandisiro ebhatiri.

Nekuti simba rekupinza hariwanzo shandiswa kushandura chinhu chinoshanda kuita chaja, asi chikamu chayo chinopedzwa (semuenzaniso, zvisingadzoreki maitiro anoitika), saka iyo Coulomb inoshanda kazhinji isingasviki 100%. Asi maererano neazvino mabhatiri e-lithium-ion ane chekuita, kushanda kweCoulomb kunogona kusvika 99.9% uye pamusoro.

Zvinokurudzira zvinhu: kuparara kwe electrolyte, interface passivation, shanduko muchimiro, morphology, uye conductivity ye electrode inoshanda zvinhu zvinoderedza kugona kweCoulomb.

Uye zvakare, zvakakosha kuti titaure kuti kuora kwebhatiri hakuna mhedzisiro pakuita kweCoulomb uye kune chekuita nekupisa.

Ikozvino kuwanda kunoratidza saizi yekudarika ikozvino paruniti nzvimbo. Sezvo huwandu hwazvino hunowedzera, iyo yazvino inopfuudzwa ne stack inowedzera, simba remagetsi rinodzikira nekuda kwekupokana kwemukati, uye kushanda kweCoulomb kunodzikira nekuda kwekusungwa polarization uye zvimwe zvikonzero. Pakupedzisira kutungamirira mukuderedzwa kwesimba rekushandisa.

6. Kunaka kwepamusoro tembiricha kuita

Lithium-ion mabhatiri ane yakanaka yepamusoro-tembiricha kuita, izvo zvinoreva kuti bhatiri musimboti uri munzvimbo yepamusoro tembiricha, uye zvinhu zvakanaka uye zvisina kunaka zvebhatiri, zvinoparadzanisa uye electrolyte zvinogonawo kuchengetedza kugadzikana kwakanaka, zvinogona kushanda zvakajairika pakupisa kwakanyanya, uye hupenyu hauzowedzerwe. Kupisa kwakanyanya hakusi nyore kukonzeresa tsaona dzinotiza.

Iyo tembiricha yebhatiri ye lithium-ion inoratidza kupisa kwebhatiri, uye hunhu hwayo mhedzisiro yechizvarwa chekupisa uye kutamisa kupisa kwe lithium-ion bhatiri. Kudzidza maitiro ekupisa emabhatiri e-lithium-ion, uye kugadzirwa kwavo kwekupisa uye hunhu hwekutamisa kupisa pasi pemamiriro akasiyana, zvinogona kutiita kuti tizive nzira yakakosha yekuchinja kwemakemikari exothermic mukati me lithium-ion mabhatiri.

Maitiro asina kuchengetedzeka emabhatiri e-lithium-ion, anosanganisira kuwandisa kwebhatiri uye kuwandisa, kukurumidza kuchaja uye kuburitsa, pfupi saiti, mechanical abuse mamiriro ezvinhu, uye tembiricha yekupisa kwekushisa, zvinogona kukonzeresa njodzi mukati mebhatiri uye kuburitsa kupisa, nekuparadza zvakananga zvakaipa uye. positive electrodes Passivation firimu pamusoro pemvura.

Kana tembiricha yemusero yakwira kusvika pa130°C, firimu reSEI riri pamusoro peiyo negative electrode rinoora, zvichikonzera kuti high-activity lithium carbon negative electrode ionekwe kuelectrolyte kuti iite zvechisimba oxidation-reduction reaction, uye kupisa uko. zvinoitika zvinoita kuti bhatiri ripinde munzvimbo ine njodzi huru.

Kana tembiricha yemukati yebhatiri ichikwira pamusoro pe200 ° C, firimu rekufambisa riri panzvimbo yakanaka ye electrode rinoparadza electrode yakanaka kuti ibudise oxygen, uye inoramba ichiita zvechisimba ne electrolyte kuti ibudise huwandu hwekupisa uye kuumba simba guru remukati. . Kana tembiricha yebhatiri ichisvika pamusoro pe240 ° C, inoperekedzwa nechisimba exothermic reaction pakati pe lithium carbon negative electrode uye binder.

Dambudziko rekushisa kwemabhatiri e-lithium-ion rine simba guru pakuchengetedzwa kwemabhatiri e-lithium-ion. Iyo nharaunda yekushandisa pachayo ine imwe tembiricha, uye tembiricha ye lithium ion bhatiri ichaonekwawo kana ichishandiswa. Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti tembiricha ichave nekukanganisa kukuru kumakemikari ekuita mukati meiyo lithiamu-ion bhatiri. Kupisa kwakanyanya kunogona kutokuvadza hupenyu hwesevhisi yebhatiri ye-lithium-ion, uye mumatambudziko akaomarara, zvinokonzeresa matambudziko ekuchengetedza bhatiri re lithium-ion.

7. Good low temperature performance

Lithium-ion mabhatiri ane yakanaka yakaderera-tembiricha kushanda, izvo zvinoreva kuti pakadzika tembiricha, iyo lithium ion uye electrode zvinhu mukati mebhatiri zvichiri kuchengetedza basa rakakwirira, kukwirira kwakasara kusimba, kuderedzwa kwekuburitsa simba kuderera, uye hombe inobvumidzwa yekuchaja.

Sezvo tembiricha inodonha, iyo yakasara simba re lithium-ion bhatiri inoora kuita inokurumidza mamiriro. Iyo yakadzika tembiricha, inokurumidza iyo kugona kuora. Kuchaja nechisimba patembiricha yakaderera kunokuvadza zvakanyanya, uye zviri nyore kwazvo kukonzera tsaona dzinotiza dzinopisa. Pakupisa kwakadzika, basa re lithium ions uye electrode inoshanda zvinhu zvinoderera, uye chiyero icho lithium ions inopinzwa mu negative electrode material inoderera zvakanyanya. Kana magetsi ekunze achibhadhariswa pasimba rinopfuura simba rinobvumidzwa rebhatiri, huwandu hwakawanda hwei lithiamu ions inoungana yakatenderedza yakashata electrode, uye iyo lithium ions yakadzika mune iyo electrode yanonoka kuwana maerekitironi uye wozonanga zvakananga pa pamusoro pemagetsi ekugadzira lithiamu elemental makristasi. Iyo dendrite inokura, inopinda mudiaphragm zvakananga, uye inobaya electrode yakanaka. Inokonzera kupfupika kwedunhu pakati pezvakanaka uye zvisina kunaka electrodes, izvo zvinotungamirira kune kupisa kwemhepo.

Pamusoro pekuderera kwakanyanya kwesimba rekubuda, lithium-ion mabhatiri haagone kubhadhariswa pakudziya kwakadzika. Munguva yakaderera-kuchajisa, kupindirana kwe lithium ions pane graphite electrode yebhatiri uye lithium plating reaction inobatana uye inokwikwidzana. Pasi pemamiriro ekushisa kwakadzika, kupararira kwe lithium ions mu graphite kunodzivirirwa, uye conductivity ye electrolyte inoderera, izvo zvinotungamirira kuderera kwehuwandu hwekupindirana uye inoita kuti lithium plating reaction iwedzere kuitika panzvimbo yegraphite. Zvikonzero zvikuru zvekudzikira kwehupenyu hwemabhatiri e-lithium-ion kana ichishandiswa pakudziya kwakaderera ndiko kuwedzera kwemukati meedance uye kuderera kwesimba nekuda kwekunaya kwe lithium ions.

8. Kuchengeteka kwakanaka

Kuchengetedzwa kwemabhatiri e-lithium-ion kunosanganisira kwete chete kugadzikana kwezvinhu zvemukati, asiwo kubudirira kwebheteri kuchengetedza matanho ekubatsira. Kuchengetedzwa kwezvinhu zvemukati kunoreva zvinhu zvakanaka uye zvisina kunaka, diaphragm uye electrolyte, zvine kugadzikana kwakanaka kwekupisa, kugarisana kwakanaka pakati pe electrolyte uye electrode zvinhu, uye yakanaka murazvo retardancy ye electrolyte pachayo. Matanho anobatsira ekuchengetedza anoreva dhizaini yekuchengetedza vharafu yesero, iyo fuse dhizaini, tembiricha-inonzwa kuramba dhizaini, uye kunzwa kwakakodzera. Mushure mekunge sero rimwe rakundikana, rinogona kudzivirira kukanganisa kupararira uye kushanda chinangwa chekuzviparadzanisa.

9. Kuenderana kwakanaka

Kuburikidza ne “barrel effect” tinonzwisisa kukosha kwekuenderana kwebhatiri. Kubatana kunoreva mabhatiri maseru anoshandiswa mune imwechete bhatiri pack, kugona, yakavhurika redunhu voltage, yemukati kuramba, kuzvidzora-yega uye mamwe ma parameter madiki zvakanyanya, uye mashandiro akafanana. Kana kugadzikana kwesero rebhatiri neiro rayo rakanakisa kushanda kusiri kwakanaka, hukuru hwaro hunowanzogadziriswa kunze mushure mekunge boka raumbwa. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti huwandu hwebhatiri pack mushure mekuita mapoka hunotarwa nediki diki sero, uye hupenyu hwebhatiri paki hushoma pane hupenyu hwesero pfupi.