Dangane da nau’ikan kayan lantarki daban-daban da aka yi amfani da su a cikin batirin lithium ion, batirin lithium ion sun kasu zuwa batir lithium ion ruwa (Liquid Lithium-Ion Battery, wanda ake magana da shi a matsayin LIB) da batir Lithium-ion Polymer (wanda aka gajarta a matsayin PLB).

Batirin lithium ion (Li-ion)

Batirin lithium-ion mai caji a halin yanzu shine baturin da aka fi amfani dashi a cikin samfuran dijital na zamani kamar wayoyin hannu da kwamfutocin littafin rubutu, amma ya fi “ƙugiya” kuma ba zai iya wuce kima ko fitar da shi yayin amfani da shi (zai lalata baturin ko sa ya zama. rushewa). Don haka, akwai abubuwan kariya ko da’irori masu kariya akan baturin don hana lalacewar baturi mai tsada. Bukatun cajin baturin lithium-ion suna da girma sosai. Don tabbatar da cewa daidaiton ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana tsakanin ± 1%, manyan masana’antun na’urori na semiconductor sun haɓaka nau’ikan cajin baturi na lithium-ion ICs don tabbatar da aminci, abin dogaro, da caji mai sauri.

Wayoyin hannu suna amfani da baturan lithium-ion. Yin amfani da batir lithium-ion daidai yana da matukar mahimmanci don tsawaita rayuwar baturi. Ana iya yin shi ta zama lebur rectangular, cylindrical, rectangular da nau’in maɓalli bisa ga buƙatun samfuran lantarki daban-daban, kuma yana da fakitin baturi wanda ya ƙunshi batura da yawa a jere da layi ɗaya. Matsakaicin ƙarfin ƙarfin baturi na lithium-ion shine gabaɗaya 3.7V saboda canje-canje na kayan aiki, kuma shine 3.2V don lithium iron phosphate (wanda ake kira ferrophosphorus daga baya). Ƙarshen cajin wutar lantarki lokacin da cikakken caji shine gabaɗaya 4.2V, kuma ferrophosphorus shine 3.65V. Ƙarshen wutar lantarki na batirin lithium-ion shine 2.75V～3.0V (ma’aikatar baturi tana ba da kewayon ƙarfin ƙarfin aiki ko ƙarfin fitarwa na ƙarshe, sigogin sun ɗan bambanta, gabaɗaya 3.0V, da baƙin ƙarfe 2.5V). Ana ci gaba da fitarwa ƙasa da 2.5V (ferro-phosphorus 2.0V) ana kiransa wuce gona da iri, kuma yawan fitar da wuta zai lalata baturin.

Batirin lithium-ion tare da nau’in nau’in kayan lithium cobalt oxide kamar yadda ingantaccen lantarki bai dace da babban fitarwa na yanzu ba. Yawan fitarwa na yanzu zai rage lokacin fitarwa (mafi girman zafin jiki a ciki da asarar kuzari) kuma yana iya zama haɗari; amma lithium iron phosphate Ana iya cajin baturin lithium tabbataccen electrode abu da fitarwa tare da babban halin yanzu na 20C ko fiye (C shine ƙarfin baturin, kamar C=800mAh, 1C cajin caji, wato cajin halin yanzu shine 800mA. ), wanda ya dace musamman ga motocin lantarki. Don haka, masana’antar samar da baturi tana ba da matsakaicin fitarwa na yanzu, wanda yakamata ya zama ƙasa da matsakaicin yawan fitarwa yayin amfani. Batirin lithium-ion suna da takamaiman buƙatu don zafin jiki. Masana’antar tana ba da kewayon zafin jiki na caji, kewayon zafin jiki da kewayon zafin ajiya. Yin cajin wuce gona da iri zai haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin ga baturin lithium-ion. Cajin halin yanzu na batir lithium-ion yakamata ya dogara ne akan shawarwarin masana’antun baturi, kuma yakamata a buƙaci da’ira mai iyaka a halin yanzu don gujewa wuce gona da iri. Gabaɗaya, ƙimar caji shine 0.25C～1C. Yawancin lokaci ya zama dole don gano zafin baturin yayin babban caji na yanzu don hana zafi fiye da lalata baturin ko haifar da fashewa.

Cajin baturi na Lithium-ion ya kasu kashi biyu: na farko na caji na yau da kullun, da canzawa zuwa cajin wutar lantarki akai-akai lokacin da yake kusa da ƙarshen ƙarfin lantarki. Misali, baturi mai karfin 800 mAh, karfin cajin karshe shine 4.2V. Ana cajin baturin tare da madaurin halin yanzu na 800mA (yawan caji na 1C). A farkon, ana ƙara ƙarfin baturi tare da babban gangara. Lokacin da ƙarfin baturi ya kusa 4.2V, ana canza shi zuwa cajin wutar lantarki akai-akai na 4.2V. A hankali na yanzu yana raguwa kuma ƙarfin lantarki yana canzawa kaɗan. Lokacin da cajin halin yanzu ya ragu zuwa 1 / 10-50C (Saitunan masana’anta daban-daban, ba ya shafar amfani), ana ɗaukar shi kusa da cikakken caji, kuma ana iya ƙare cajin (wasu caja suna fara mai ƙidayar lokaci bayan 1/10C). , Bayan wani ɗan lokaci Ƙarshen caji).