Funda ngakumbi malunga neetekhnoloji ezithatha indawo ezintathu

UGqr. Zhang uchaze obu buchwephesha buthathu bulandelayo bebhetri eshushu, uninzi lwazo zisaselebhu. Nangona kusekho indlela ende yokuya kwimveliso yorhwebo, sikholelwa ukuba uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lweemveliso ze-elektroniki eziphathwayo ziya kwandisa iindleko zeebhetri, ezingathandabuzekiyo eziya kukhawulezisa ukuphazamiseka kwezobuchwepheshe kunye nezorhwebo.

Iifowuni eziphathwayo, iitafile, kunye nezixhobo ezinxitywayo zonke ziyakhula, kodwa ibhetri yenye yeebhotile zabo. Uninzi lwabasebenzisi abatsha be-smartphone baphoxekile bubomi bebhetri. Ngaphambili, bebesebenzisa iiselfowuni zabo kangangeentsuku ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-7, kodwa ngoku kufuneka bahlawule yonke imihla.

Iibhetri zeLithium zezona zixhaphakileyo, zithandwa ngabaxhasi kunye nabangaphakathi kwishishini, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha, abanako ukwanela ukuphinda kabini ubuninzi bamandla abo. Kwiifowuni ezihlakaniphile, abantu bachitha ixesha elininzi kwi-intanethi, ngokukhawuleza, kunye nenkxaso yeechips kufuneka zikhawuleze. Kwangaxeshanye, nangona kuphuculwe zonke iindlela zokonga amandla, izikrini ziba nkulu kwaye iindleko zamandla ziyenyuka. UGqr. Zhang Yuegang, ingcali yebhetri yamazwe ngamazwe kwi-Academy yaseShayina yeSayensi, uthe iibhetri zeveki ezinokutshajwa kwakhona kwii-smartphones zisenokunganeli.

Ubuninzi bamandla sesinye sezibonakaliso eziphambili zokulinganisa umgangatho webhetri, kwaye isicwangciso sayo kukugcina amandla amaninzi nangaphezulu kwiibhetri ezincinci nezincinci. Ngokomzekelo, iibhetri ze-lithium ze-BYD, ezibalwa ngobunzima kunye nomthamo, okwangoku zisebenzisa i-100-125 watt-iyure / kg kunye ne-240-300 watt-iyure / ilitha ngokulandelanayo. Ibhetri yelaptop yePanasonic esetyenziswa kwimoto yombane yeTesla Model S inobuninzi bamandla obuyi-170 watt-yure ngekhilogram. Kwingxelo yethu yangaphambili, inkampani yaseMelika i-Enevate iphucule idatha ye-cathode ukunyusa ubuninzi bamandla ebhetri ye-lithium ngaphezu kwe-30%.

Ukwandisa ukuxinana kwamandla ebhetri ngokukhawuleza, kufuneka uthembele kwiteknoloji yebhetri yesizukulwana esilandelayo. UZhang Yuegang wasazisa kwezi teknoloji zintathu zilandelayo zebhetri ye-thermal, uninzi lwazo ziseselebhu. Nangona kusekho indlela ende yokuya kwimveliso yorhwebo, sikholelwa ukuba uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lweemveliso ze-elektroniki eziphathwayo ziya kwandisa iindleko zeebhetri, eziya kukhawulezisa ukuphazamiseka kweteknoloji kunye neshishini.

Ibhetri yeSulfur yeLithium

Ibhetri ye-lithium-sulfur ibhetri ye-lithium enesulfure njenge-electrode efanelekileyo kunye ne-metal lithium njenge-electrode engafanelekanga. Ubuninzi bayo bamandla e-theory malunga namaxesha angama-5 eebhetri ze-lithium, kwaye kusekumanqanaba okuqala ophuhliso.

Okwangoku, iibhetri ze-lithium-sulfur zithembisa isizukulwana esitsha seebhetri ze-lithium, eziye zangena kwintsimi yophando lwebhubhoratri kunye neengxowa-mali ezahlukeneyo zokuqala, kwaye zinethemba elihle lokuthengisa.

Nangona kunjalo, iibhetri ze-lithium-sulfur nazo zijongene nemingeni yobugcisa, ngakumbi iimpawu zekhemikhali zedatha ye-electrode engalunganga yebhetri kunye nokungazinzi kwesinyithi se-lithium, olu luvavanyo olukhulu lokhuseleko lwebhetri. Ukongeza, izinto ezininzi ezinjengozinzo, ifomula, kunye netekhnoloji zijongene nemingeni engaziwayo.

Okwangoku, e-UK nase-US, intlangano engaphezu kweyodwa ifunda iibhetri ze-lithium-sulfur, kwaye ezinye iinkampani zichaze ukuba ziya kuqalisa iibhetri ezinjalo kulo nyaka. Kwilabhoratri yakhe yaseBerkeley, ukwafundela iibhetri ze-lithium-sulphur. Kwimeko yovavanyo olunzima ngakumbi, emva kwemijikelo engaphezu kwama-3,000, iziphumo ezanelisayo zifunyenwe.

ibhetri yomoya ye-lithium

Ibhetri ye-lithium-moya yibhetri apho i-lithium i-electrode efanelekileyo kunye ne-oksijini esemoyeni yi-electrode engalunganga. Ubuninzi bamandla e-thiyori ye-lithium anode phantse amaxesha angama-10 ebhetri ye-lithium, kuba i-electrode yensimbi ye-lithium ekhangayo ilula kakhulu, kwaye i-oxygen esebenzayo ye-electrode esebenzayo ikhona kwindawo yendalo kwaye ayigcinwa kwibhetri.

Iibhetri ze-Li-air zijongene nemingeni yobugcisa. Ukongeza kokugcinwa okukhuselekileyo kwe-metallic lithium, i-lithium oxide eyenziwa yi-oxidation reaction igxininise kakhulu, kwaye ukusabela kungagqitywa kuphela kwaye kuncitshiswe ngoncedo lwe-catalyst. Ukongeza, umba wemijikelezo yebhetri awukasonjululwa.

Xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri ze-lithium-sulfur, uphando kwiibhetri ze-lithium-air lusekwinqanaba lokuqala, kwaye akukho nkampani ibeke kuphuhliso lwezorhwebo.

Ibhetri yeMagnesium

Ibhetri ye-Magnesium yibhetri ephambili ene-magnesium njenge-electrode engalunganga kunye nentsimbi ethile okanye i-oxide engeyiyo yesinyithi njenge-electrode efanelekileyo. Xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri ze-lithium, iibhetri ze-magnesium ion zinozinzo olungcono kunye nobomi obude benkonzo. Ngenxa yokuba i-magnesium yinto edibeneyo, umgangatho wayo uphezulu