Funda kabanzi mayelana nobuchwepheshe obuthathu bokumiselela

UDkt. Zhang uchaze lobu buchwepheshe obuthathu obulandelayo bebhethri elishisayo, iningi labo elisekhona elabhorethri. Nakuba kusekude ukukhiqizwa kwezentengiselwano, sikholelwa ukuthi ukuthuthuka okusheshayo kwemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi ephathwayo kuzonyusa izindleko zamabhethri, ngokungangabazeki kuzosheshisa ukuphazamiseka kwezobuchwepheshe nezohwebo.

Omakhalekhukhwini, amaphilisi, nemishini egqokekayo konke kuyachuma, kodwa ibhethri ingenye yezingqinamba zakho. Iningi labasebenzisi abasha be-smartphone baphoxekile ngempilo yebhethri. Phambilini bebesebenzisa omakhalekhukhwini babo izinsuku ezi-4 kuya kweziyi-7, kodwa manje sekumele babakhokhise nsuku zonke.

Amabhethri e-lithium yiwona ajwayelekile kakhulu, athandwa ngabaxhasi nabangaphakathi embonini, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, angase anganeli ukuphinda kabili ukuminyana kwawo kwamandla. Kumafoni ahlakaniphile, abantu bachitha isikhathi esiningi ku-inthanethi, ngokushesha, nama-chips osekelo nawo kumele asheshe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, naphezu kwentuthuko kuzo zonke izinyathelo zokonga amandla, izikrini ziba zinkulu futhi izindleko zamandla ziyakhuphuka. UDkt. Zhang Yuegang, uchwepheshe webhethri wamazwe ngamazwe e-Chinese Academy of Sciences, uthe amabhethri aphinde ashajwa isonto lonke ama-smartphone angase anganeli.

Ukuminyana kwamandla kungenye yezinkomba eziwumgogodla zokukala ikhwalithi yebhethri, futhi isu lakho ukugcina amandla engeziwe kumabhethri alula namancane. Isibonelo, amabhethri e-lithium e-BYD, abalwa ngesisindo nevolumu, okwamanje asebenzisa amahora angu-100-125 watt/kg kanye nama-watt-amahora angu-240-300/litre ngokulandelanayo. Ibhethri ye-laptop ye-Panasonic esetshenziswa emotweni kagesi ye-Tesla Model S inamandla amakhulu angama-watt-amahora angu-170 ikhilogremu ngayinye. Embikweni wethu wangaphambilini, inkampani yaseMelika i-Enevate ithuthukise idatha ye-cathode ukwandisa ukuminyana kwamandla amabhethri e-lithium ngaphezu kwama-30%.

Ukuze ukhuphule ukuminyana kwamandla amabhethri kakhulu, kufanele uthembele kubuchwepheshe bebhethri besizukulwane esilandelayo. U-Zhang Yuegang usethule kulobu buchwepheshe obuthathu obulandelayo bebhethri elishisayo, iningi labo elisekhona elabhorethri. Nakuba kusekude ukukhiqizwa kwezentengiselwano, sikholelwa ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi ephathwayo kuzokhuphula izindleko zamabhethri, okuzosheshisa ukuphazanyiswa kobuchwepheshe kanye nebhizinisi.

Ibhethri ye-Lithium Sulfur

Ibhethri ye-lithium-sulphur ibhethri le-lithium elinesulfure njenge-electrode ephozithivu kanye ne-metal lithium njenge-electrode eyinegethivu. Ukuminyana kwayo kwamandla okucatshangelwayo kucishe kube izikhathi ezi-5 kunamabhethri e-lithium, futhi kusesezigabeni zokuqala zokuthuthuka.

Njengamanje, amabhethri e-lithium-sulfur ayisizukulwane esisha esithembisayo sebhethri ye-lithium, esiye sangena emkhakheni wokucwaninga kwaselabhorethri kanye nezimali ezihlukahlukene zokuqala, futhi zinamathemba amahle okuhweba.

Kodwa-ke, amabhethri e-lithium-sulphur aphinde abhekane nezinselelo ezithile zobuchwepheshe, ikakhulukazi izakhiwo zamakhemikhali zedatha ye-electrode engalungile yebhethri kanye nokungazinzi kwensimbi ye-lithium, okuwukuhlola okukhulu kokuphepha kwebhethri. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici eziningi ezifana nokuzinza, ifomula, nobuchwepheshe zibhekene nezinselele ezingaziwa.

Njengamanje, e-UK nase-US, inhlangano engaphezu kweyodwa ifunda amabhethri e-lithium-sulfur, futhi ezinye izinkampani zishilo ukuthi zizokwethula amabhethri anjalo kulo nyaka. Elabhorethri yakhe yaseBerkeley, ufunda namabhethri e-lithium-sulphur. Esimweni sokuhlola esidinga kakhulu, ngemva kwemijikelezo engaphezu kuka-3,000, kutholwe imiphumela egculisayo.

ibhethri ye-lithium air

Ibhethri ye-lithium-air ibhethri lapho i-lithium iyi-electrode ephozithivu futhi umoya-mpilo osemoyeni uyi-electrode ekweletayo. Ukuminyana kwamandla okucatshangelwayo e-lithium anode cishe izikhathi eziyi-10 kunebhethri ye-lithium, ngoba i-electrode yensimbi eyi-positive ilula kakhulu, futhi i-oksijini esebenzayo ye-electrode esebenzayo ikhona endaweni yemvelo futhi ayigcinwa ebhethrini.

Amabhethri e-Li-air abhekene nezinselele zobuchwepheshe ezengeziwe. Ngaphezu kokugcinwa okuphephile kwe-metallic lithium, i-lithium oxide eyakhiwe ukusabela kwe-oxidation izinzile kakhulu, futhi ukusabela kungaqedwa kuphela futhi kuncishiswe ngosizo lwe-catalyst. Ukwengeza, udaba lwemijikelezo yebhethri alukaxazululwa.

Uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri e-lithium-sulfur, ucwaningo lwamabhethri e-lithium-air lusesesigabeni sokuqala, futhi ayikho inkampani ewafake ekuthuthukisweni kwezentengiso.

Ibhethri ye-Magnesium

Ibhethri le-Magnesium ibhethri eliyinhloko eline-magnesium njenge-electrode eyinegethivu kanye nensimbi ethile noma i-non-metal oxide njenge-electrode ephozithivu. Uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri e-lithium, amabhethri e-magnesium ion anokuqina okungcono nempilo ende yesevisi. Ngenxa yokuthi i-magnesium iyisici se-divalent, ikhwalithi yayo iphakeme