Lithium-ion mabhatiri anonzi “rocking chair-type” mabhatiri. Maion anochaja anofamba pakati peakanaka neasina kunaka maelectrode kuona kutamisa kuchaja uye kupa simba kumaseketi ekunze kana kuchaja kubva kune imwe simba rekunze.

Munguva yekuchaja chaiyo, magetsi ekunze anoshandiswa pamatanda maviri ebhatiri, uye lithium ions inotorwa kubva kune yakanaka electrode zvinhu uye inopinda mu electrolyte. Panguva imwecheteyo, maerekitironi akawandisa anopfuura nemuunganidzi wemazuva ano akanaka uye anotamira kune electrode yakaipa kuburikidza nekunze kwekunze; iyo lithium ions iri mu electrolyte. Iyo inofamba kubva kune yakanaka electrode kuenda kune yakaipa electrode, ichipfuura nepakati diaphragm kune iyo yakaipa electrode; iyo SEI firimu inopfuura nepamusoro peiyo electrode isina kunaka inoiswa mugirafu rakafukidzwa chimiro cheiyo negative electrode uye inosanganiswa nemaerekitironi.

Munguva yese yekushanda kwemaion uye maerekitironi, chimiro chebhatiri chinokanganisa kutamiswa kwechaji, ingave yemagetsi kana yemuviri, ichakanganisa kukurumidza kuchaja kuita.

Zvinodiwa zvekukurumidza kuchaja kune zvikamu zvese zvebhatiri

Nezve mabhatiri, kana iwe uchida kuvandudza kushanda kwesimba, unofanirwa kushanda nesimba mune zvese zvebhatiri, kusanganisira iyo yakanaka electrode, iyo yakaipa electrode, iyo electrolyte, separator, uye dhizaini yekugadzira.

yakanaka electrode

Muchokwadi, dzinenge marudzi ese emhando dzecathode zvinhu zvinogona kushandiswa kugadzira-kukurumidza kuchaja mabhatiri. Izvo zvakakosha zvivakwa zvinofanirwa kuvimbiswa zvinosanganisira conductivity (kuderedza kupikisa kwemukati), kupararira (ve nechokwadi chekuita kinetics), hupenyu (usatsanangure), uye chengetedzo (usatsanangure) yakakura kuderedza maitiro eparutivi uye kushumira kuchengeteka).

Ehe, matambudziko achagadziriswa kune yega yega chinhu anogona kunge akasiyana, asi zvakajairika cathode zvinhu zvinogona kusangana nezvinodiwa izvi kuburikidza nekutevedzana kwekugadzirisa, asi zvinhu zvakasiyana zvakare zvakasiyana:

A. Lithium iron phosphate inogona kunyanya kutarisana nekugadzirisa matambudziko ekufambisa uye kuderera kwekushisa. Kutakura kabhoni coating, zvine mwero nanoization (ona kuti ine mwero, haisi fungidziro yakapusa yekuti iyo yakatsetseka iri nani), uye kuumbwa kwemaion conductor pamusoro pezvimedu ndiwo akajairika mazano.

B. Iyo ternary zvinhu pachayo ine yakanaka yemagetsi conductivity, asi reactivity yayo yakanyanyisa, saka ternary zvinhu kashoma kuita nano-scale basa (nano-ization haisi panacea-senge antidote yekuvandudza kwekuita kwezvinhu, kunyanya mu munda wemabhatiri Pane dzimwe nguva akawanda anti-kushandisa muChina), uye kunyanya kutariswa kunobhadharwa kune kuchengetedzwa uye kudzvinyirira kweparutivi maitiro (ne electrolyte). Mushure mezvose, hupenyu hwazvino hwezvinhu zveternary huri mukuchengetedzeka, uye tsaona dzemazuva ano dzekuchengetedza bhatiri dzakaitikawo kazhinji. Isa mberi yakakwirira zvinodiwa.

C. Lithium manganenate inonyanya kukosha maererano nehupenyu hwebasa. Kune zvakare akawanda lithium manganate-yakavakirwa nekukurumidza-charge mabhatiri pamusika.

isina kunaka electrode

Kana bhatiri ye lithium-ion ichichajwa, lithium inotamira kune negative electrode. Iyo yakanyanya kukwirisa inokonzeresa nekuchaja nekukurumidza uye yakakura ikozvino inokonzeresa iyo yakaipa electrode kugona kuve kwakashata. Panguva ino, kudzvinyirirwa kwe electrode yakaipa kukurumidza kugamuchira lithiamu kuchawedzera, uye tsika yekugadzira lithium dendrites ichawedzera. Naizvozvo, iyo yakaipa electrode haifanire kungogutsa iyo lithium diffusion panguva yekuchaja nekukurumidza. Izvo zvinodiwa zvekinetics zve lithium ion bhatiri inofanirawo kugadzirisa dambudziko rekuchengetedza rinokonzerwa nekuwedzera kwemaitiro e lithium dendrites. Naizvozvo, iyo yakakosha yehunyanzvi kuomerwa kweiyo kukurumidza kuchaja core ndiko kuiswa kwe lithium ions mune iyo yakaipa electrode.

A. Parizvino, iyo inotonga yakaipa electrode zvinhu pamusika ichiri graphite (inoverengera inosvika 90% yemugove wemusika). Chikonzero chakakosha chakachipa, uye iyo yakazara kugadzirisa mashandiro uye simba density yegraphite yakanaka, ine mashoma mashoma. . Zvechokwadi, kunewo matambudziko ane graphite negative electrode. Iyo yepamusoro inoratidzika kune electrolyte, uye lithium intercalation reaction ine simba rakasimba. Nokudaro, zvakakosha kushanda nesimba kuti uvandudze kugadzikana kwechimiro chepamusoro chegirafu uye kukurudzira kupararira kwe lithium ions pane substrate. direction.

B. Kabhoni yakaoma uye yakapfava kabhoni zvinhu zvakaonawo kukura kwakawanda mumakore achangopfuura: yakaoma kabhoni zvinhu zvine yakakwira lithium yekuisa inokwanisa uye ine micropores mumidziyo, saka reaction kinetics yakanaka; uye yakapfava kabhoni zvinhu zvine kuenderana kwakanaka ne electrolyte, MCMB Zvishandiso zvinomiririra zvakanyanya, asi zvakaoma uye zvakapfava kabhoni zvinhu zvinowanzo kuderera mukubudirira uye nemutengo wakakwira (uye fungidzira kuti graphite yakafanana yakachipa, ndinotya kuti haisi iyo. tarisiro kubva kune maindasitiri maonero), saka mashandisirwo azvino akanyanya kushoma pane graphite, uye anoshandiswa mune mamwe hunyanzvi Pabhatiri.

C. Zvakadini ne lithium titanate? Kuzvitaura muchidimbu: zvakanakira lithium titanate yakakura simba density, yakachengeteka, uye pachena kuipa. Iyo simba density yakaderera zvakanyanya, uye mutengo wakakwira kana ukaverengerwa neWh. Naizvozvo, maonero e lithium titanate bhatiri tekinoroji inobatsira ine mabhenefiti mune yakatarwa nguva, asi haina kukodzera kune dzakawanda zviitiko zvinoda kudhura kwakanyanya uye rwendo rwekufamba.

D. Silicon anode zvinhu igwara rakakosha rekusimudzira, uye bhatiri rePanasonic nyowani 18650 yatanga nzira yekutengeserana yezvinhu zvakadaro. Nekudaro, maitiro ekuwana chiyero pakati pekutsvaga kwekuita nanometer uye zvakajairwa micron-level zvinodiwa zvebhatiri indasitiri-zvine chekuita neindasitiri ichiri basa rakaoma.

Diaphragm

Nezve mabhatiri emhando yemagetsi, kushanda kwepamusoro-zvino kunoisa zvinodiwa zvakanyanya pakuchengetedza kwavo uye hupenyu hwavo. Diaphragm coating tekinoroji haigone kutenderedzwa. Ceramic coated diaphragms ari kukurumidza kusundirwa kunze nekuda kwekuchengetedzwa kwepamusoro uye kugona kushandisa tsvina mu electrolyte. Kunyanya, mhedzisiro yekuvandudza kuchengetedzwa kwemabhatiri eternary inonyanya kukosha.

Iyo yakakosha sisitimu parizvino inoshandiswa kune ceramic diaphragms ndeyekupfekedza alumina zvimedu pamusoro pechinyakare diaphragms. Imwe nzira yakati wandei ndeyekupfekedza mafiber akasimba e electrolyte padiaphragm. Ma diaphragms akadaro ane kushomeka kwemukati, uye iyo mechanic tsigiro mhedzisiro yefiber-inoenderana diaphragms iri nani. Yakanakisa, uye ine yakaderera tsika yekuvharira diaphragm pores panguva yebasa.

Mushure mekuputira, iyo diaphragm ine kugadzikana kwakanaka. Kunyangwe kana tembiricha yakakwira zvakanyanya, hazvisi nyore kuderera uye kukanganisa uye kukonzera pfupi pfupi. Jiangsu Qingtao Energy Co., Ltd. inotsigirwa nerutsigiro rwehunyanzvi rweNan Cewen boka rekutsvagisa reSchool of Materials and Materials yeTsinghua University ine mumiriri mune izvi. Kushanda, diaphragm inoratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pasi apa.

Electrolyte

Iyo electrolyte ine simba guru pakuita kwekukurumidza-kuchajisa lithium-ion mabhatiri. Kuchengetedza kugadzikana uye kuchengetedzwa kwebhatiri pasi pekuchaja nekukurumidza uye yakakwira ikozvino, iyo electrolyte inofanirwa kusangana neanotevera maitiro: A) haigone kuparara, B) yakakwirira conductivity, uye C) inert kune yakanaka uye yakaipa zvinhu. React kana nyungudika.

Kana iwe uchida kuzadzisa izvi zvinodiwa, kiyi ndeye kushandisa additives uye inoshanda electrolytes. Semuyenzaniso, kuchengetedzwa kwemabhatiri ekuchaja ternary kunonyanya kukanganiswa nazvo, uye zvinodikanwa kuwedzera zvakasiyana-siyana zvinopesana nepamusoro-tembiricha, moto-retardant, uye anti-overcharge additives kwavari kuvandudza kuchengetedzwa kwayo kusvika pamwero wakati. Dambudziko rekare uye rakaoma re lithium titanate mabhatiri, high-temperature flatulence, inofanirawo kuvandudzwa nepamusoro-tembiricha inoshanda electrolyte.

Battery structure design

Yakajairika optimization zano ndiyo yakarongedzerwa VS mamhepo mhando. Maelectrode ebhatiri akaturikidzana akaenzana nehukama hwakafanana, uye rudzi rwekupetera rwakafanana nekubatanidza kwakatevedzana. Nokudaro, kupikisa kwemukati kwekare kuduku zvikuru uye kunonyanya kukodzera rudzi rwesimba. chiitiko.

Mukuwedzera, kuedza kunogona kuitwa pahuwandu hwematebhu ekugadzirisa matambudziko ekupikisa kwemukati uye kupisa kupisa. Pamusoro pezvo, kushandisa yakakwira-conductivity electrode zvinhu, kushandisa akawanda conductive agents, uye coating matete electrode zvakare mazano anogona kutariswa.

Muchidimbu, zvinhu zvinokanganisa kufamba kwechaji mukati mebhatiri uye chiyero chekuisa maburi e electrode zvinokanganisa kukurumidza kuchaja kugona kwe lithium-ion mabhatiri.

Mhedziso yekukurumidza kuchaja tekinoroji nzira dzevagadziri vemazuva ese

Ningde era

Nezve electrode yakanaka, CATL yakagadzira “super electronic network” tekinoroji, iyo inoita kuti lithium iron phosphate ive yakanakisa yemagetsi conductivity; Pamusoro peiyo negative electrode graphite surface, “fast ion ring” tekinoroji inoshandiswa kugadzirisa graphite, uye girafu yakagadziridzwa inofunga nezvese zviri zviviri kumhanyisa kuchaja uye yakakwirira Nehunhu hwekusimba kwesimba, iyo negative electrode haisisina yakawandisa by- zvigadzirwa panguva yekuchaja nekukurumidza, kuitira kuti ive ne4-5C inokurumidza kuchaja simba, ichiziva 10-15 maminetsi nekukurumidza kuchaja uye kuchaja, uye inogona kuve nechokwadi chesimba remagetsi eiyo system level pamusoro pe70wh/kg, kuwana 10,000 Cycle life.

Panyaya yekutonga kwekupisa, iyo thermal management system inoziva zvizere “hutano hwekuchaja nguva” yeyakagadziriswa kemikari system patembiricha dzakasiyana uye maSOCs, ayo anowedzera zvakanyanya tembiricha yekushanda ye lithium-ion mabhatiri.

Waterma

Waterma haina kunaka mazuvano, ngatingotaura nezve tekinoroji. Waterma inoshandisa lithium iron phosphate ine diki diki saizi. Parizvino, yakajairika lithium iron phosphate pamusika ine saizi yepakati pakati pe300 ne600 nm, nepo Waterma inoshandisa 100 kusvika 300 nm lithium iron phosphate, saka lithium ions ichave Inokurumidza kumhanya kwekufamba, iyo yakakura ikozvino inogona kuve. kupomerwa uye kusunungurwa. Kune mamwe masisitimu kunze kwemabhatiri, simbisa dhizaini yeanopisa manejimendi masisitimu uye kuchengetedza system.

Micro Simba

Mumazuva ekutanga, Weihong Power yakasarudza lithium titanate + porous composite kabhoni ine spinel chimiro chinogona kumira nekukurumidza kuchaja uye yakakwirira ikozvino seyakaipa electrode zvinhu; kuitira kudzivirira kutyisidzira kwesimba repamusoro razvino kune bhatiri kuchengetedzwa panguva yekuchaja nekukurumidza, Weihong Power Kubatanidza isiri-kupisa electrolyte, yakakwira-porosity uye yakakwirira-permeability diaphragm tekinoroji uye STL yakangwara yekudzora thermal control fluid tekinoroji, inogona kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwebhatiri. apo bhatiri rinokurumidza kuchajwa.

Muna 2017, yakazivisa chizvarwa chitsva chepamusoro-simba mabhatiri emagetsi, achishandisa high-capacity uye high-simba lithium manganate cathode zvinhu, ine simba rimwechete re 170wh / kg, uye kuwana 15-miniti yekukurumidza kuchaja. Chinangwa ndechekufunga nezvehupenyu uye nyaya dzekuchengetedza.

Zhuhai Yinlong

Lithium titanate anode inozivikanwa nehupamhi hwekushanda kwayo tembiricha uye yakakura yekuchaja-yekuburitsa mwero. Iko hakuna dhata yakajeka pane chaiyo yehunyanzvi nzira. Kutaura nevashandi pazviratidziro, zvinonzi kutengesa kwayo nekukurumidza kunogona kusvika 10C uye nguva yehupenyu ndeye 20,000 nguva.

Remangwana rekukurumidza kuchaja tekinoroji

Kunyangwe iyo inokurumidza kuchaja tekinoroji yemotokari dzemagetsi igwara renhoroondo kana chiitiko chenguva pfupi, chokwadi, kune maonero akasiyana ikozvino, uye hapana mhedziso. Seimwe nzira yekugadzirisa mileage kushushikana, inoonekwa papuratifomu imwe chete ine simba rebhatiri uye mutengo wemotokari.

Kuwanda kwesimba uye kukurumidza kuchaja kuita, mubhatiri rimwechete, inogona kunzi inzira mbiri dzisingaenderane uye haigone kuwanikwa panguva imwe chete. Iko kutsvaga kwebhatiri simba density ndiyo inonyanya kukosha. Kana simba remagetsi richikwira zvakakwana uye huwandu hwebheteri yemotokari yakakura zvakakwana kudzivirira iyo inonzi “range kufunganya”, kudiwa kwekuita kwebhatiri yekubhadhara kuchaderedzwa; panguva imwe chete, kana simba rebhatiri rakakura, kana bhatiri inodhura pa kilowatt-awa isina kuderera zvakakwana, saka zvakakosha here? Ding Kemao kutenga magetsi anokwana kuti “kusazvidya mwoyo” kunoda kuti vatengi vaite sarudzo. Kana iwe uchifunga nezvazvo, kukurumidza kuchaja kune kukosha. Imwe pfungwa yekuona mutengo wekukurumidza kuchaja zvivakwa, izvo zvechokwadi chikamu chemutengo wesosaiti yese kukurudzira kuiswa kwemagetsi.

Kunyangwe tekinoroji yekuchaja nekukurumidza inogona kusimudzirwa pamwero mukuru, kuwanda kwesimba uye nekukurumidza kuchaja tekinoroji inokura nekukurumidza, uye matekinoroji maviri anodzikisa mitengo pasi, anogona kuita basa rakasimba mune ramangwana rayo.