Iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zibizwa ngokuba ziibhetri “zohlobo lwe-rocking chair”. Ii-ion ezitshajiweyo zihamba phakathi kwee-electrode ezilungileyo nezingalunganga ukuze zibone ukudluliselwa kwentlawulo kunye nokubonelela ngombane kwiisekethe zangaphandle okanye intlawulo evela kumthombo wamandla wangaphandle.

Ngethuba lenkqubo ethile yokutshaja, i-voltage yangaphandle isetyenziswe kwiipali ezimbini zebhetri, kwaye i-lithium ion ikhutshwe kwizinto eziphathekayo ze-electrode kwaye ingena kwi-electrolyte. Ngexesha elifanayo, ii-electron ezingaphezulu zidlula umqokeleli wangoku ochanekileyo kwaye zihambela kwi-electrode engalunganga ngokusebenzisa isiphaluka sangaphandle; I-lithium ion ikwi-electrolyte. Isuka kwi-electrode efanelekileyo ukuya kwi-electrode engafanelekanga, idlula kwi-diaphragm ukuya kwi-electrode engafanelekanga; ifilimu ye-SEI edlula kumphezulu we-electrode engalunganga ifakwe kwi-graphite layered structure ye-electrode engalunganga kwaye idibanisa nee-electron.

Kuwo wonke umsebenzi wee-ion kunye nee-electron, isakhiwo sebhetri esichaphazela ukuhanjiswa kwentlawulo, nokuba yi-electrochemical okanye ngokomzimba, kuya kuchaphazela ukusebenza kokutshaja ngokukhawuleza.

Iimfuno zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kuzo zonke iindawo zebhetri

Ngokuphathelele iibhetri, ukuba ufuna ukuphucula ukusebenza kwamandla, kufuneka usebenze nzima kuzo zonke iinkalo zebhetri, kubandakanywa i-electrode efanelekileyo, i-electrode engalunganga, i-electrolyte, isahluli, kunye noyilo lwesakhiwo.

i-electrode efanelekileyo

Enyanisweni, phantse zonke iintlobo zezixhobo ze-cathode zingasetyenziselwa ukwenza iibhetri ezikhawulezayo. Iipropati ezibalulekileyo eziza kuqinisekiswa zibandakanya ukuqhutyelwa (ukunciphisa ukuchasana kwangaphakathi), ukusabalalisa (ukuqinisekisa i-kinetics yokuphendula), ubomi (musa ukuchaza), kunye nokhuseleko (musa ukuchaza) , Ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kokusebenza (indawo ethile yendawo akufanele ibe kakhulu. ezinkulu ukunciphisa reactions icala kwaye bakhonze ukhuseleko).

Ewe kunjalo, iingxaki eziza kusonjululwa kwisixhobo ngasinye zinokwahluka, kodwa izixhobo zethu eziqhelekileyo ze-cathode zinokuhlangabezana nezi mfuno ngothotho lwe-optimizations, kodwa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zikwahlukile:

A. I-lithium iron phosphate inokujoliswa ngakumbi ekusombululeni iingxaki ze-conductivity kunye nobushushu obuphantsi. Ukuqhuba i-carbon coating, i-nanoization ephakathi (qaphela ukuba imodareyitha, ngokuqinisekileyo ayikho ingqiqo elula ukuba i-finer ingcono), kunye nokubunjwa kwabaqhubi be-ion kumphezulu weengqungquthela zezona zicwangciso eziqhelekileyo.

B. I-ternary imathiriyeli ngokwayo ine-conductivity elungileyo yombane, kodwa i-reactivity yayo iphezulu kakhulu, ngoko ke izixhobo ze-ternary azifane ziqhube umsebenzi we-nano-scale (i-nano-isation ayikho i-antidote efana ne-panacea yokuphucula ukusebenza kwezinto, ngakumbi intsimi yeebhetri Kukho ngamanye amaxesha amaninzi achasene nokusetyenziswa e-China), kwaye ingqwalasela engaphezulu ihlawulwa kukhuseleko kunye nokunyanzeliswa kweempendulo zecala (nge-electrolyte). Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ubomi bangoku bezinto ze-ternary zikhuselekile, kwaye iingozi zokhuseleko lwebhetri zamva nje zenzeke rhoqo. Beka phambili iimfuno eziphezulu.

C. I-lithium manganeti ibaluleke ngakumbi ngokubhekiselele kubomi benkonzo. Zininzi iibhetri ze-lithium manganeti ezisekwe ngokukhawuleza kwimarike.

i-electrode engalunganga

Xa ibhetri ye-lithium-ion ihlawuliswa, i-lithium ifudukela kwi-electrode engalunganga. Amandla aphezulu ngokugqithisileyo okubangwa kukutshaja okukhawulezayo kunye nombane omkhulu kuya kubangela ukuba amandla e-electrode engalunganga ibe mbi ngakumbi. Ngeli xesha, uxinzelelo lwe-electrode engalunganga yokwamkela ngokukhawuleza i-lithium iya kwanda, kwaye ukuthambekela kokuvelisa i-lithium dendrites kuya kwanda. Ke ngoko, i-electrode engalunganga ayifanele yanelise kuphela i-lithium diffusion ngexesha lokutshaja ngokukhawuleza. Iimfuno ze-kinetics zebhetri ye-lithium ion kufuneka ziphinde zisombulule ingxaki yokhuseleko olubangelwa ukunyuka kwe-lithium dendrites. Ngoko ke, ubunzima obubalulekileyo bobugcisa besiseko sokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kukufakwa kwe-lithium ion kwi-electrode engalunganga.

A. Okwangoku, eyona nto ibalaseleyo ye-electrode engalunganga kwimarike iseyigraphite (ibalelwa malunga ne-90% yesabelo semarike). Esona sizathu sisezantsi sitshiphu, kwaye ukusetyenzwa okubanzi kunye nokuxinana kwamandla egraphite kulungile, kunye neentsilelo ezimbalwa. . Kakade ke, kukho iingxaki kunye ne-electrode ye-graphite negative. Umphezulu unomdla kwi-electrolyte, kwaye i-lithium intercalation reaction ine-directionality enamandla. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukusebenza nzima ukuphucula ukuzinza kwesakhiwo somgangatho wegraphite kunye nokukhuthaza ukusabalalisa kwe-lithium ion kwi-substrate. ulwalathiso.

B. Ikhabhoni enzima kunye nezinto ezithambileyo zekhabhoni nazo zibone uphuhliso oluninzi kwiminyaka yamuva: izinto zekhabhoni ezinzima zine-lithium ephezulu yokufaka amandla kwaye zine-micropores kwizinto eziphathekayo, ngoko ke i-kinetics yokuphendula ilungile; kunye nezixhobo zekhabhoni ezithambileyo zihambelana kakuhle ne-electrolyte, i-MCMB Izixhobo nazo zimele kakhulu, kodwa izixhobo zekhabhoni ezinzima nezithambileyo ziphantsi ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ziphezulu kwiindleko (kwaye cinga ukuba igraphite iyafana ngexabiso eliphantsi, ndiyoyika ukuba akunjalo. ithemba ukusuka kwindawo yemboniselo yemboniselo), ngoko ukusetyenziswa kwangoku kuncinci kakhulu kunegraphite, kwaye kusetyenziswe ngakumbi kwizinto ezizodwa Kwibhetri.

C. Kuthekani nge-lithium titanate? Ukubeka ngokufutshane: iingenelo ze-lithium titanate zinamandla amakhulu oxinaniso, ukhuselekile, kunye nokungalungi okucacileyo. Ubuninzi bamandla buphantsi kakhulu, kwaye ixabiso liphezulu xa libalwa nguWh. Ke ngoko, umbono webhetri ye-lithium titanate yitekhnoloji eluncedo enezibonelelo kwiimeko ezithile, kodwa ayifanelekanga kwiimeko ezininzi ezifuna iindleko eziphezulu kunye noluhlu lokuhamba ngenqanawa.

D. Izinto ze-Silicon anode ziyindlela ebalulekileyo yophuhliso, kwaye ibhetri entsha ye-Panasonic ye-18650 iqalise inkqubo yokuthengisa izinto ezinjalo. Nangona kunjalo, indlela yokufezekisa ukulinganisela phakathi kokuphishekela ukusebenza kwe-nanometer kunye neemfuno eziqhelekileyo zezinga le-micron zezixhobo ezinxulumene ne-battery-related industry kusengumsebenzi onzima.

Isifayili

Ngokubhekiselele kwiibhetri zohlobo lwamandla, ukusebenza kwangoku okuphezulu kubeka iimfuno eziphezulu kukhuseleko kunye nobomi babo. Itekhnoloji yokugquma i-diaphragm ayinakujikelezwa. Iidiaphragm ezigqunywe ngeCeramic zikhutshelwa ngaphandle ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yokhuseleko lwazo oluphezulu kunye nokukwazi ukutya ukungcola kwi-electrolyte. Ngokukodwa, umphumo wokuphucula ukhuseleko lweebhetri ze-ternary ubaluleke kakhulu.

Eyona nkqubo ibalulekileyo ngoku esetyenziswa kwi-ceramic diaphragms kukwambathisa amasuntswana e-alumina kumphezulu wediaphragm zemveli. Indlela enovelwano ngokwentelekiso kukwambathisa imicu eyomeleleyo ye-electrolyte kwi-diaphragm. I-diaphragms enjalo inokuchasana okuphantsi kwangaphakathi, kwaye umphumo wenkxaso yomatshini we-fiber-related diaphragms ungcono. Igqwesileyo, kwaye inotyekelo olusezantsi lokuvimba i-diaphragm pores ngexesha lenkonzo.

Emva kokugquma, i-diaphragm inozinzo oluhle. Nangona iqondo lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, akulula ukuncipha kunye nokukhubazeka kwaye kubangele isiphaluka esifutshane. I-Jiangsu Qingtao Energy Co., Ltd. ixhaswa yinkxaso yobugcisa beqela lophando le-Nan Cewen leSikole seMathiriyeli kunye neMathiriyeli yeYunivesithi yaseTsinghua inommeli othile kulo mba. Ukusebenza, i-diaphragm iboniswe kumzobo ongezantsi.

I-Electrolyte

I-electrolyte inempembelelo enkulu ekusebenzeni kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion ezikhawulezayo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kunye nokukhuseleka kwebhetri phantsi kokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuphezulu kwangoku, i-electrolyte kufuneka ihlangabezane nezi mpawu zilandelayo: A) ayikwazi ukuchithwa, B) i-conductivity ephezulu, kunye ne-C) i-inert kwizinto ezintle kunye nezibi. Ukusabela okanye nyibilikisa.

Ukuba ufuna ukuhlangabezana nezi mfuno, isitshixo kukusebenzisa izongezo kunye ne-electrolyte esebenzayo. Umzekelo, ukhuseleko lweebhetri ezikhawulezayo zokutshaja zichatshazelwa kakhulu yiyo, kwaye kuyimfuneko ukongeza i-anti-high-temperature, i-flame-retardant, kunye ne-anti-overcharge additives kubo ukuphucula ukhuseleko lwayo ukuya kwinqanaba elithile. Ingxaki endala kunye nobunzima beebhetri ze-lithium titanate, i-flatulence ephezulu yokushisa, nayo kufuneka iphuculwe nge-electrolyte esebenzayo yokushisa okuphezulu.

Uyilo lwesakhiwo sebhetri

Isicwangciso esiqhelekileyo sokuphucula luhlobo olupakishweyo lweVS. I-electrodes yebhetri egciniweyo ilingana nobudlelwane obufanayo, kwaye uhlobo olujikelezayo lulingana noqhagamshelwano lwechungechunge. Ngoko ke, ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwangaphambili kuncinci kakhulu kwaye kukulungele ngakumbi uhlobo lwamandla. ithuba.

Ukongezelela, iinzame zingenziwa kwinani leethebhu ukuxazulula iingxaki zokuchasana kwangaphakathi kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu. Ukongezelela, ukusebenzisa izinto eziphezulu ze-electrode, ukusebenzisa i-conductive agents ezingaphezulu, kunye nokugubungela i-electrode ezincinci nazo ziyizicwangciso ezinokuthi ziqwalaselwe.

Ngamafutshane, izinto ezichaphazela ukunyakaza kwentlawulo ngaphakathi kwebhetri kunye nesantya sokufakwa kwemingxuma ye-electrode iya kuchaphazela amandla okuhlawula ngokukhawuleza kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion.

Amagqabantshintshi eendlela zetekhnoloji zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kubavelisi abaqhelekileyo

Ixesha leNingde

Ngokuphathelele i-electrode efanelekileyo, i-CATL iphuhlise iteknoloji ye-“super electronic network”, eyenza i-lithium iron phosphate ibe ne-electronic conductivity egqwesileyo; kumphezulu wegraphite ye-electrode engalunganga, itekhnoloji “ye-ion ekhawulezayo” isetyenziselwa ukuguqula igraphite, kwaye igraphite elungisiweyo ithathela ingqalelo ukutshaja okukhawulezayo nokuphezulu Ngeempawu zokuxinana kwamandla, i-electrode enegative ayisekho ngokugqithisileyo nge-by- iimveliso ngexesha lokutshaja ngokukhawuleza, ukwenzela ukuba ibe ne-4-5C amandla okutshaja ngokukhawuleza, ukuqonda i-10-15 imizuzu yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kunye nokutshaja, kwaye inokuqinisekisa ukuxinwa kwamandla kwinqanaba lenkqubo ngaphezu kwe-70wh / kg, ukufezekisa i-10,000 Cycle life.

Ngokubhekiselele kulawulo lwe-thermal, inkqubo yokulawula i-thermal iyaqaphela ngokupheleleyo “ixesha lokutshaja okunempilo” yenkqubo yeekhemikhali ezisisigxina kumaqondo okushisa ahlukeneyo kunye ne-SOC, eyandisa kakhulu ukushisa okusebenzayo kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion.

I-Waterma

IWaterma ayilunganga mva nje, makhe sithethe ngetekhnoloji. I-Waterma isebenzisa i-lithium iron phosphate enobungakanani bamasuntswana amancinane. Okwangoku, i-lithium iron phosphate eqhelekileyo kwimarike inobungakanani besuntswana phakathi kwe-300 kunye ne-600 nm, ngelixa i-Waterma isebenzisa kuphela i-100 ukuya kwi-300 nm i-lithium iron phosphate, ngoko ke i-ion ze-lithium ziya kuba Ukukhawuleza kwesantya sokufuduka, inkulu ikhoyo ngoku. ihlawulisiwe kwaye ikhululwe. Kwiinkqubo ngaphandle kweebhetri, qinisa uyilo lweenkqubo zolawulo lwe-thermal kunye nokhuseleko lwenkqubo.

Amandla amancinci

Ngeentsuku zokuqala, i-Weihong Power yakhetha i-lithium titanate + i-porous composite carbon enesakhiwo se-spinel esinokumelana nokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuphezulu kwangoku njengento engafanelekanga ye-electrode; ukuze kuthintelwe isoyikiso samandla aphezulu ngoku kukhuseleko lwebhetri ngexesha lokutshaja ngokukhawuleza, i-Weihong Power Ukudibanisa i-electrolyte engatshiyo, i-high-porosity kunye ne-high-permeability diaphragm technology kunye ne-STL ehlakaniphile yokulawula i-thermal technology fluid, inokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwebhetri. xa ibhetri itshajiswe ngokukhawuleza.

Kwi-2017, ibhengeze isizukulwana esitsha sebhetri ye-high-energy density, usebenzisa i-high-capacity kunye ne-high-power-high-power-lithium manganate cathode izinto, kunye ne-energy density ye-170wh / kg, kunye nokufezekisa ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwemizuzu eyi-15. Injongo kukuqwalasela imiba yobomi kunye nokhuseleko.

Zhuhai Yinlong

I-Lithium titanate anode yaziwa ngoluhlu lwayo olubanzi lobushushu bokusebenza kunye nesantya esikhulu sokukhupha intlawulo. Akukho datha ecacileyo kwiindlela ezithile zobugcisa. Ukuthetha nabasebenzi kulo mboniso, kuthiwa ukuhlawulwa kwayo ngokukhawuleza kunokufikelela kwi-10C kwaye ubude bokuphila ngamaxesha angama-20,000.

Ikamva leteknoloji yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza

Ingaba iteknoloji yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwezithuthi zombane yisikhokelo sembali okanye isiganeko esifutshane, enyanisweni, kukho iimbono ezahlukeneyo ngoku, kwaye akukho sigqibo. Njengenye indlela yokusombulula ixhala le-mileage, ithathelwa ingqalelo kwiqonga elifanayo kunye noxinano lwamandla ebhetri kunye neendleko zemoto zizonke.

Ubuninzi bamandla kunye nokusebenza ngokukhawuleza kwentlawulo, kwibhetri efanayo, kunokuthiwa yimigaqo emibini engahambelaniyo kwaye ayikwazi ukufezekiswa ngexesha elifanayo. Ukusukela uxinano lwamandla ebhetri yeyona nto iphambili okwangoku. Xa ubuninzi bamandla buphezulu ngokwaneleyo kwaye umthamo webhetri wesithuthi ukhulu ngokwaneleyo ukukhusela okubizwa ngokuthi “uluhlu lwexhala”, imfuno yokusebenza kwexabiso lebhetri iya kuncitshiswa; ngelo xesha, ukuba amandla ebhetri makhulu, ukuba ixabiso lebhetri kwi-kilowatt-yure nganye ayincinci ngokwaneleyo, ngaba kuyimfuneko? Ukuthengwa kombane kaDing Kemao owanele “ukungaxhalabi” kufuna ukuba abathengi benze ukhetho. Ukuba ucinga ngako, ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kunexabiso. Enye imbono yindleko yezibonelelo zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo eyinxalenye yeendleko zoluntu lonke ukukhuthaza ukufakwa kombane.

Nokuba itekhnoloji yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza ingakhuthazwa kumlinganiselo omkhulu, ukuxinana kwamandla kunye nobuchwepheshe bokutshaja ngokukhawuleza obukhula ngokukhawuleza, kunye nobuchwepheshe obubini obucutha iindleko, bunokudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwikamva labo.