Ngaba ukugcinwa kwethu kwebhetri yeLithium kuchanekile? Le ngxaki ihlasele abasebenzisi abaninzi beefowuni ezithembekileyo, kuquka nam. Emva kokubonisana nolunye ulwazi, ndiye ndafumana ithuba lokubonisana nomfundi wePhD kwi-electrochemistry, okwangusekela mlawuli weziko elaziwayo lophando ngebhetri eTshayina. Ngoku bhala phantsi ulwazi olufanelekileyo kunye namava ukuze wabelane nabafundi bakho.

“I-electrode esebenzayo yebhetri ye-lithium idla ngokwenziwa kwikhompawundi esebenzayo ye-lithium, ngelixa i-electrode engalunganga yikhabhoni enesakhiwo esikhethekileyo semolekyuli.” Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yolwazi oluxhaphakileyo oluxhaphakileyo yiLiCoO2. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokutshaja, amandla ombane kwisibonda sebhetri anyanzelisa i-compound kwi-electrode efanelekileyo ukukhulula i-lithium ion kwaye ifakwe kwikhabhoni, ngelixa i-molecule ye-electrode engalunganga ihlelwe kwi-laminar flow. I-Lithium ion ihlukaniswe kwisakhiwo sekhabhoni ngexesha lokukhutshwa kwaye zidibaniswe ne-anode compound. Ukuhamba kwe-lithium ion kuvelisa umbane wangoku.

Umgaqo-nkqubo wokuphendula kweekhemikhali ulula kakhulu, kodwa kwimveliso yokwenyani yoshishino, kukho imiba engaphezulu ekufuneka iqwalaselwe: izongezo ze-electrode ezintle kufuneka zigcinwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwimisebenzi, kwaye i-electrode engalunganga kufuneka iyilwe kwinqanaba lemolekyuli ukuze ibambe ngakumbi i-lithium. iiyoni Gcwalisa I-electrolyte phakathi kwe-anode kunye ne-catholyte, ngaphezu kokuzinza, kodwa ibuye ibe ne-conductivity egqwesileyo, ukunciphisa ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwebhetri.

Nangona iibhetri ze-lithium zinqabile ukuba zibe nempembelelo yememori yeebhetri ze-nickel-cadmium, azinjalo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo, iibhetri ze-lithium ziya kuqhubeka zilahlekelwa umthamo emva kokutshaja ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Kubalulekile ukuguqula idatha ye-anode kunye ne-cathode ngokwayo. Kwinqanaba le-molecular, i-cavity structure ye-electrodes efanelekileyo kunye ne-negative equkethe i-lithium ion iya kudilika ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye ibhloke. I-Chemical, yi-passivation esebenzayo yezinto ezilungileyo kunye nezibi, ezibonisa ubukho bezinye iikhompawundi ezizinzileyo kwiimpendulo zecala. Kukho neemeko ezithile zomzimba, ezifana nokulahlekelwa ngokuthe ngcembe kwedatha ye-anode, eya kuthi ekugqibeleni inciphise inani leeyoni ze-lithium ezinokuhamba ngokukhululekileyo ngexesha lokutshaja kunye nokukhupha ibhetri.

Ukugqithisa kunye nokukhutshwa, i-electrodes kwibhetri ye-lithium zenza umonakalo ongunaphakade. Inokuqondwa ngengqiqo ukusuka kwinqanaba le-molecular ukuba ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ye-anode kuya kubangela ukukhululwa ngokugqithiseleyo kwe-lithium ion kunye nesakhiwo sazo se-layer ekwindla, kunye nokugqithiswa kuya kucinezela i-lithium ion eninzi kuyo. Isakhiwo sekhabhoni ye-cathode sithintela ezinye ii-ion ze-lithium ukuba zikhutshwe. Yingakho iibhetri ze-lithium zihlala zixhotyiswe ngentlawulo kunye neesekethe zokulawula ukukhutshwa.

Ukushisa okungafanelekanga kuya kubangela ezinye iikhemikhali kwibhetri ye-lithium, kwaye iikhompawundi ezingadingekile zivela. Ngoko ke, iibhetri ezininzi ze-lithium zixhotyiswe ngokugcinwa kokulawula ukushisa kwe-diaphragms okanye izongezo ze-electrolyte kwii-electrodes ezintle kunye ezimbi. Xa ibhetri ifudunyezwa kwinqanaba elithile, umngxuma we-membrane odibeneyo uvaliwe okanye i-electrolyte i-denatured, ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwebhetri kuyanda kuze kube yilapho isiphaluka sinqanyuliwe, kwaye ibhetri ayisatshisi, iqinisekisa ukushisa okuqhelekileyo kwebhetri.

Ngaba ukutshaja okunzulu kunye nokukhuphayo kunokunyusa owona mthamo webhetri ye-lithium? Iingcali zandixelela ngokucacileyo ukuba oku akunantsingiselo. Bade bathi ngokusekwe kulwazi lwabagqirha babini, into ebizwa ngokuba yi-full-dose activation yeedosi ezintathu zokuqala ayinantsingiselo. Kodwa kutheni abantu abaninzi bekhangela ulwazi lwebhetri ukubonisa ukuba umthamo uya kutshintsha kwixesha elizayo? Le ngongoma iya kukhankanywa kamva.

Iibhetri zeLithium ngokubanzi zineetshiphusi zokusetyenzwa kunye neetshiphusi zolawulo lokutshaja. Kwinkqubo, i-chip inoluhlu lweerejista, umthamo, izinga lokushisa, i-ID, isimo sokushaja, ixesha lokukhupha kunye nezinye iimpawu. La maxabiso atshintsha ngokuthe ngcembe ngokusetyenziswa. Mna ngokwam ndicinga ukuba umphumo obalulekileyo wokusetyenziswa malunga nenyanga kufuneka ube yintlawulo epheleleyo kunye nokukhutshwa. Nje ukuba incwadi yemiyalelo ilungise ixabiso elingafanelekanga lezi rejista, ulawulo lokutshaja kunye nomthamo webhetri kufuneka uhambelane neyona meko yebhetri.