Ingabe ukugcinwa kwethu kwebhethri le-Lithium kulungile? Le nkinga ikhungethe abasebenzisi abaningi bomakhalekhukhwini abathembekile, okuhlanganisa nami. Ngemva kokubonisana ngolwazi oluthile, ngathola ithuba lokubonisana nomfundi we-PhD kwi-electrochemistry, ophinde abe yiphini lomqondisi wesikhungo esaziwayo sokucwaninga ngamabhethri eChina. Manje bhala phansi ulwazi olubalulekile nolwazi ozokwabelana ngalo nabafundi bakho.

“I-electrode enhle yebhethri ye-lithium ngokuvamile yenziwa ngenhlanganisela esebenzayo ye-lithium, kuyilapho i-electrode engeyinhle iyikhabhoni enesakhiwo esikhethekile samangqamuzana.” Ingxenye ebalulekile yolwazi oluhle oluvame ukusetshenziswa yi-LiCoO2. Phakathi nenqubo yokushaja, amandla kagesi esigxotsheni sebhethri aphoqelela inhlanganisela ku-electrode ephozithivu ukuthi ikhulule ama-ion e-lithium futhi awafake kukhabhoni, kuyilapho ama- molecule e-electrode engalungile ehlelwa ngokugeleza kwe-laminar. Ama-ion e-lithium ahlukaniswa nesakhiwo se-carbon layer ngesikhathi sokukhishwa futhi ahlanganiswe nenhlanganisela ye-anode. Ukuhamba kwe-lithium ion kukhiqiza amandla kagesi.

Isimiso sokusabela kwamakhemikhali silula kakhulu, kodwa ekukhiqizeni kwangempela kwezimboni, kunezindaba ezingokoqobo okufanele zicatshangelwe: izithasiselo ezinhle ze-electrode zidinga ukugcinwa ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuze kwenziwe imisebenzi, futhi ama-electrode angalungile adinga ukuklanywa ezingeni lamangqamuzana ukuze afake i-lithium eyengeziwe. ions; gcwalisa I-electrolyte phakathi kwe-anode ne-catholyte, ngaphezu kokuzinza, kodwa futhi ine-conductivity enhle kakhulu, inciphisa ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwebhethri.

Nakuba amabhethri e-lithium engavamile ukuba nomphumela wenkumbulo wamabhethri e-nickel-cadmium, awanawo. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, amabhethri e-lithium azoqhubeka nokulahlekelwa umthamo ngemva kokushaja okuphindaphindiwe. Kubalulekile ukuguqula idatha ye-anode ne-cathode ngokwayo. Ezingeni lamangqamuzana, ukwakheka kwe-cavity yama-electrode amahle nebi aqukethe i-lithium ion izowa kancane kancane futhi ivimbe. Ngokwekhemikhali, kungukudlula okusebenzayo kwezinto ezinhle nezingezinhle, okubonisa ukuba khona kwamanye amakhompiyutha azinzile ekuphenduleni okuseceleni. Kukhona nezimo ezithile zomzimba, njengokulahleka kancane kancane kwedatha ye-anode, okuzogcina kunciphise inani lama-ion e-lithium akwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululeka ngesikhathi sokushajwa nokushajwa ebhethrini.

Ukushajwa ngokweqile nokukhishwa, ama-electrode ebhethri ye-lithium akha umonakalo unomphela. Kungaqondwa ngokunembile kusukela ezingeni lamangqamuzana ukuthi ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ye-anode kuzobangela ukukhululwa ngokweqile kwama-ion e-lithium kanye nesakhiwo sawo esinezingqimba ekwindla, futhi ukushajwa ngokweqile kuzocindezela ama-ion e-lithium amaningi kuwo. Ukwakheka kwe-cathode carbon kuvimbela amanye ama-ion e-lithium ukuthi akhululwe. Yingakho amabhethri e-lithium evame ukuhlonyiswa ngamasekhethi okulawula ukushaja nokukhipha.

Ukushisa okungalungile kuzodala okunye ukusabela kwamakhemikhali ebhethri ye-lithium, futhi kuvela izinhlanganisela ezingadingekile. Ngakho-ke, amabhethri amaningi e-lithium afakwe ama-diaphragm okulawula izinga lokushisa noma izithasiselo ze-electrolyte kuma-electrode amahle noma angalungile. Uma ibhethri ishisisa ngezinga elithile, imbobo yolwelwesi oluyinhlanganisela iyavalwa noma i-electrolyte ikhishwa i-denatured, ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwebhethri kuyanda kuze kunqanyulwe umjikelezo, nebhethri alisashisi, okuqinisekisa izinga lokushisa elivamile lebhethri lokushaja.

Ingabe ukushaja okujulile nokushajwa kungakhuphula umthamo wangempela wamabhethri e-lithium? Ochwepheshe bangitshele ngokucacile ukuthi lokhu akunangqondo. Baze bathi ngokusekelwe olwazini lwalabo dokotela ababili, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-full-dose activation yemithamo emithathu yokuqala akusho lutho. Kodwa kungani abantu abaningi behlolisisa ulwazi lwebhethri ukuze babonise ukuthi umthamo uzoshintsha esikhathini esizayo? Leli phuzu kuzokhulunywa ngalo kamuva.

Amabhethri e-lithium ngokuvamile anama-chips okucubungula kanye nama-chips okulawula ukushaja. Kulolu hlelo, i-chip inochungechunge lwamarejista, umthamo, izinga lokushisa, i-ID, isimo sokushaja, isikhathi sokukhipha kanye namanye amanani. Lawa manani ashintsha kancane kancane ngokusetshenziswa. Mina ngokwami ​​​​ngicabanga ukuthi umphumela obalulekile wokusebenzisa isikhathi esingangenyanga kufanele ube nokushaja okugcwele nokukhipha. Uma incwadi yeziqondiso sekufanele ilungise inani elingafanele lalawa marejista, isilawuli sokushaja kanye nomthamo omncane webhethri kufanele kuhambisane nesimo sangempela sebhethri.