Siffofin marufi na batirin lithium masu ƙafafu ne masu ƙafa uku, wato, silinda guda uku da aka fi amfani da su, fakiti masu laushi da murabba’ai. Siffofin marufi guda uku suna da nasu amfani da rashin amfani, kuma ana iya zaɓar su gwargwadon amfaninsu.

1. Silindrical

Kamfanin SONY na kasar Japan ne ya fara kirkiro batirin lithium na Silindrical a shekarar 1992. Saboda batirin lithium na siliki na 18650 yana da dogon tarihi, yawan shigar kasuwa ya yi yawa. Batir lithium cylindrical yana ɗaukar babban tsarin iska, babban matakin sarrafa kansa, da ingancin samfur Stable da ƙarancin farashi. Akwai nau’ikan batirin lithium na cylindrical da yawa, kamar 17490, 14650, 18650, 26650,

21700 da dai sauransu. Batir lithium cylindrical sun shahara a tsakanin kamfanonin batir lithium a Japan da Koriya ta Kudu.

Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na nau’in iska na cylindrical sun haɗa da balagaggen tsarin iska, babban digiri na aiki da kai, ingantaccen samarwa, daidaito mai kyau, da ƙananan farashi. Lalacewar sun haɗa da ƙarancin amfani da sararin samaniya wanda ya haifar da sifar cylindrical da rarraba zafin jiki wanda ya haifar da rashin kyawun yanayin zafi na radial. jira Saboda rashin ƙarancin radial thermal conductivity na baturi cylindrical, adadin jujjuyawar baturi bai kamata ya yi yawa ba (yawan jujjuyawar batirin 18650 gabaɗaya kusan 20 ne), don haka ƙarfin monomer kaɗan ne, kuma Ana buƙatar babban adadin baturi don aikace-aikacen a cikin motocin lantarki. Monomers suna samar da nau’ikan baturi da fakitin baturi, wanda ke ƙara haɓaka asarar haɗin gwiwa da rikitacciyar gudanarwa.

Hoto 1. 18650 cylindrical baturi

Wani kamfani na yau da kullun don marufi cylindrical shine Panasonic na Japan. A cikin 2008, Panasonic da Tesla sun yi haɗin gwiwa a karon farko, kuma batirin lithium cobalt oxide na 18650 ya karɓi ta hanyar ƙirar farko ta Tesla Roadster. A cikin 2014, Panasonic ya sanar da haɗin gwiwa tare da Tesla don gina Gigafactory, babban masana’antar baturi, kuma dangantakar da ke tsakanin su biyu ta ci gaba. Kamfanin Panasonic ya yi imanin cewa, ya kamata motocin da ke amfani da wutar lantarki su yi amfani da batura 18650, ta yadda ko da batir daya ya gaza, ba zai yi tasiri ga aikin gaba dayan tsarin ba, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 2.

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Hoto 2. Me yasa zabar 18650 cylindrical baturi

Har ila yau, akwai manyan kamfanoni da ke kera batir lithium na siliki a kasar Sin. Misali, batirin BAK, Jiangsu Zhihang, Tianjin Lishen, Shanghai Delangeng, da sauran masana’antu ne ke kan gaba wajen samar da batir lithium na siliki a kasar Sin. Batir-lithium na baƙin ƙarfe da motocin bas masu ɗaukar sauri na Yinlong suna amfani da batir lithium titanate, duka a cikin nau’i na marufi.

Tebur 1: Ƙididdiga kan ƙarfin da aka shigar na manyan kamfanonin batir 10 na silinda da samfuran da suka dace dangane da yawan kuzari ɗaya a cikin 2017

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2. Jaka mai laushi

Mabuɗin kayan da aka yi amfani da su a cikin batura lithium mai laushi-tabbatattun kayan lantarki, kayan lantarki mara kyau da masu rarrabawa-ba su bambanta da batir lithium karfe-harsashi na gargajiya da na aluminum-harsashi ba. Babban bambanci shine kayan marufi masu sassauƙa (fim ɗin haɗaɗɗen aluminum-plastic). Shi ne abu mafi mahimmanci kuma mai wuyar fasaha a cikin baturan lithium mai taushi. Ana rarraba kayan marufi masu sassauƙa zuwa yadudduka uku, wato, Layer barrier Layer na waje (yawanci Layer na waje mai karewa wanda ya ƙunshi nailan BOPA ko PET), shingen shinge (aluminum foil a tsakiyar Layer) da Layer na ciki (multifunctional high barrier Layer). ).

Hoto 3. Aluminum filastik tsarin fim

Kayan marufi da tsarin ƙwayoyin jaka suna ba su fa’idodi da yawa. 1) Ayyukan aminci yana da kyau. Batirin fakiti mai laushi yana kunshe da fim na aluminum-roba a cikin tsari. Lokacin da matsalar tsaro ta faru, baturin fakitin mai taushi gabaɗaya zai fashe kuma ba zai fashe ba. 2) Hasken nauyi, nauyin baturin fakiti mai laushi yana da 40% nauyi fiye da na baturin lithium harsashi na karfe tare da irin wannan ƙarfin, kuma 20% ya fi nauyi fiye da na baturin lithium na aluminum. 3) Ƙananan juriya na ciki, juriya na ciki na baturin fakiti mai laushi ya fi na baturin lithium, wanda zai iya rage yawan amfani da baturi. 4) Ayyukan sake zagayowar yana da kyau, rayuwar sake zagayowar baturi mai laushi ya fi tsayi, kuma lalata bayan 100 hawan keke shine 4% zuwa 7% kasa da na aluminum case. 5) Zane yana da sauƙi, za’a iya canza siffar zuwa kowane nau’i, yana iya zama mai laushi, kuma za’a iya haɓaka sabbin samfuran tantanin halitta bisa ga bukatun abokin ciniki. Rashin lahani na batura fakiti masu laushi shine rashin daidaituwa, tsada mai tsada, sauƙi mai sauƙi, da babban matakin fasaha.

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Hoto 4. Fakitin baturi mai laushi

Kamfanonin kera batir na duniya irin su LG na Koriya ta Kudu da ASEC na Japan sun samar da batura masu ƙarfi da yawa, waɗanda ake amfani da su a cikin nau’ikan lantarki da toshe nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan manyan kamfanonin mota kamar Nissan, Chevrolet, da Ford, gami da manyan samfuran samarwa da tallace-tallace uku a duniya. Leaf da Volt. Katafaren batir na ƙasata Wanxiang da ƴan marigayiya Funeng Technology, Yiwei Lithium Energy, Polyfluoride, da Ƙofar Wuta suma sun fara samar da manyan batura masu laushi don wadata manyan kamfanonin mota kamar BAIC da SAIC.

3. Batir square

Shahararriyar baturan murabba’in ya yi yawa a kasar Sin. Tare da haɓakar batirin wutar lantarki a cikin ‘yan shekarun nan, sabani tsakanin kewayon tafiye-tafiyen abin hawa da ƙarfin baturi ya ƙara yin fice. Masu kera batirin wutar lantarki na cikin gida galibi suna amfani da batir murabba’in harsashi na aluminum tare da ƙarfin ƙarfin baturi. , Saboda tsarin baturin murabba’in yana da sauƙi mai sauƙi, ba kamar baturin cylindrical ba, wanda ke amfani da ƙarfe mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi kamar yadda harsashi da kayan haɗi tare da bawuloli masu aminci na fashewa, kayan haɗi na gaba ɗaya suna da haske a cikin nauyi kuma suna da girma a cikin ƙarfin makamashi. Akwatin baturi mai murabba’in galibi an yi shi da alloy na aluminum, bakin karfe da sauran kayan aiki, da kuma amfani da ciki na iska ko tsarin lamination, kariyar baturin ya fi na batirin fim na aluminum-roba (watau batir mai laushi), kuma amincin baturin yana da ɗan ƙaramin silinda. Nau’in batura kuma an inganta su sosai.

Hoto 5. Tsarin kwayar halitta

Koyaya, tunda ana iya daidaita baturin lithium mai murabba’in gwargwadon girman samfurin, akwai dubban samfura a kasuwa, kuma saboda samfuran suna da yawa, tsarin yana da wahala a haɗa shi. Babu matsala a cikin yin amfani da batir murabba’i a cikin samfuran lantarki na yau da kullun, amma don samfuran kayan aikin masana’antu waɗanda ke buƙatar jeri da yawa da layi ɗaya, yana da kyau a yi amfani da batir lithium daidaitaccen daidaitaccen tsari, don tabbatar da tsarin samarwa, kuma yana da sauƙin samun maye gurbin. zuwa gaba. Baturi

Kamfanoni na cikin gida da na waje waɗanda ke amfani da murabba’i a matsayin tsarin marufi galibi sun haɗa da Samsung SDI (samfurin marufi shine murabba’in murabba’i, kuma ingantaccen kayan lantarki yana amfani da kayan NCM na ternary da kayan NCA. Yana ƙwazo yana bin samar da batir 21700), BYD (ikon wutar lantarki). Batura yawanci square aluminum harsashi) , da cathode abu ne yafi lithium baƙin ƙarfe phosphate, da kuma an gudanar da bincike da kuma ci gaba da fasaha reserves na ternary batura), CATL (samfurori ne yafi square aluminum harsashi baturi, da kuma cathode abu ya hada da. Lithium baƙin ƙarfe phosphate da ternary. Lithium baƙin ƙarfe phosphate Hanyar fasaha Yafi amfani da makamashi ajiya da kuma bas, CATL ya fara cikakken juya zuwa ternary kayan a 2015, samar da ternary baturi fakitoci ga fasinja motocin BMW, Geely da sauran kamfanoni), Guoxuan Hi-Tech (Yafi a cikin nau’i na square marufi, da kuma tabbatacce electrode abu ya hada da Lithium baƙin ƙarfe phosphate da ternary kayan), TianjinLishen, etc.

Gabaɗaya, nau’ikan marufi guda uku na cylindrical, murabba’i da fakiti masu laushi suna da fa’ida da rashin amfani nasu, kuma kowane baturi yana da nasa filin da ya mamaye. Za’a iya ƙayyade mafi kyawun hanyar tattarawa bisa ga halaye na kayan baturi, filayen aikace-aikacen samfur, halayen samfur, da dai sauransu tare da halayen nau’in marufi. Koyaya, kowane nau’in marufi na baturi yana da nasa matsalolin fasaha. Kyakkyawan ƙirar batir ya ƙunshi matsaloli masu rikitarwa a fagage da yawa kamar su lantarki, zafi, wutar lantarki, da injiniyoyi, waɗanda ke gabatar da manyan buƙatu ga masu ƙirar batir. Har yanzu mutanen batirin lithium suna buƙatar ci gaba da ƙoƙari!