Amafomu okupakisha ebhethri ye-lithium anemilenze emithathu, okungukuthi, amasilinda amathathu asetshenziswa kakhulu, amaphakethe athambile nezikwele. Amafomu amathathu okupakisha anezinzuzo zawo siqu kanye nebubi, futhi angakhethwa ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa kwawo.

1. I-cylindrical

Ibhethri ye-cylindrical lithium yaqala ukusungulwa yinkampani ye-SONY e-Japan ngo-1992. Ngenxa yokuthi ibhethri ye-lithium engu-18650 inomlando omude, izinga lokungena emakethe liphezulu. Ibhethri le-cylindrical lithium lithatha inqubo yokuvuthwa kwamawindi evuthiwe, izinga eliphezulu lokuzenzekelayo, kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo Izinzile nezindleko eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamabhethri e-cylindrical lithium, njenge-17490, 14650, 18650, 26650,

21700 njll. Amabhethri e-lithium e-cylindrical adumile phakathi kwezinkampani zebhethri ye-lithium e-Japan naseNingizimu Korea.

Izinzuzo zohlobo lwama-cylindrical winding zihlanganisa inqubo yokuvunguza evuthiwe, izinga eliphezulu lokuzishintshanisa, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphezulu, ukungaguquguquki okuhle, kanye nezindleko eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa. Ububi buhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwesikhala esiphansi okubangelwa ukuma kwe-cylindrical kanye nokusabalalisa kwezinga lokushisa okubangelwa ukungahambi kahle kwe-radial thermal conductivity. Linda. Ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwe-radial thermal kwebhethri eyicylindrical, inani lokujika kwebhethri akufanele libe liningi kakhulu (inani lokujika okujikajikayo kwebhethri engu-18650 ngokuvamile liphenduka ama-20), ngakho-ke umthamo we-monomer mncane, futhi inani elikhulu lebhethri liyadingeka ukuze kufakwe ezimotweni zikagesi. Ama-Monomers akha amamojula ebhethri namaphakethe ebhethri, okwandisa kakhulu ukulahleka kokuxhumeka kanye nobunkimbinkimbi bokuphatha.

Umfanekiso 1. Ibhethri ye-cylindrical engu-18650

Inkampani ejwayelekile yokupakishwa kwamacylindrical iPanasonic yaseJapan. Ngo-2008, i-Panasonic ne-Tesla babambisana okokuqala, futhi ibhethri ye-lithium cobalt oxide ka-18650 yamukelwa imodeli yokuqala ye-Roadster ye-Tesla. Ngo-2014, i-Panasonic yamemezela ukuhlanganyela noTesla ukwakha i-Gigafactory, imboni yebhethri ephezulu, futhi ubudlelwano phakathi kwalaba bobabili baqhubekela phambili. I-Panasonic ikholelwa ukuthi izimoto zikagesi kufanele zisebenzise amabhethri angu-18650, ukuze kuthi noma ibhethri elilodwa lihluleka, ngeke lithinte ukusebenza kwalo lonke uhlelo, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2.

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Umfanekiso 2. Kungani ukhethe ibhethri ye-cylindrical engu-18650

Kukhona namabhizinisi amakhulu akhiqiza amabhethri e-lithium angama-cylindrical e-China. Isibonelo, ibhethri ye-BAK, i-Jiangsu Zhihang, i-Tianjin Lishen, i-Shanghai Delangeng namanye amabhizinisi asendaweni ehamba phambili yamabhethri e-lithium angamacylindrical e-China. Amabhethri e-iron-lithium kanye namabhasi ashaja ngokushesha e-Yinlong asebenzisa amabhethri e-lithium titanate, womabili asesimweni sokupakisha esiyisilinda.

Ithebula 1: Izibalo zamandla afakiwe ezinkampani zamabhethri angama-cylindrical aphezulu ayi-10 kanye namamodeli azo ahambisanayo ngokuya ngenani lamandla elilodwa ngo-2017

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2. Isikhwama esithambile

Izinto ezibalulekile ezisetshenziswa kumabhethri e-lithium-pack-positive electrode, izinto ezingezinhle ze-electrode nezihlukanisi-azihlukile kakhulu kumabhethri e-lithium ensimbi yendabuko kanye ne-aluminium-shell. Umehluko omkhulu yizinto zokupakisha eziguquguqukayo (ifilimu eyinhlanganisela ye-aluminium-plastic). Kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu futhi enzima kakhulu ngokobuchwepheshe kumabhethri e-lithium e-soft-pack. Izinto zokupakisha eziguquguqukayo zivame ukuhlukaniswa zibe izingqimba ezintathu, okungukuthi, ungqimba olungaphandle lwesithiyo (ngokuvamile ungqimba olungaphandle oluyisivikelo olwakhiwe inayiloni BOPA noma i-PET), isendlalelo esivimbelayo (ucwecwe lwe-aluminium kungqimba oluphakathi) kanye nosendlalelo sangaphakathi (i-multifunctional high barrier layer). ).

Umfanekiso 3. Isakhiwo sefilimu yepulasitiki ye-aluminium

Izinto zokupakisha kanye nokwakheka kwamaseli esikhwama kubanika uhla lwezinzuzo. 1) Ukusebenza kokuphepha kuhle. Ibhethri ye-soft-pack ihlanganiswe nefilimu ye-aluminium-plastic ngokwakheka. Uma kwenzeka inkinga yezokuphepha, ibhethri le-soft-pack ngokuvamile lizoqhuma futhi liqhekeke, futhi ngeke liqhume. 2) Isisindo esilula, isisindo sebhethri ye-soft pack silula ngo-40% kunebhethri ye-lithium yegobolondo yensimbi enamandla afanayo, futhi ilula ngo-20% kunebhethri ye-aluminium shell lithium. I-3) Ukumelana okuncane kwangaphakathi, ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwebhethri ye-soft pack kuncane kunebhethri ye-lithium, enganciphisa kakhulu ukuzisebenzisa kwebhethri. I-4) Ukusebenza komjikelezo kuhle, impilo yomjikelezo webhethri ye-soft pack yinde, futhi ukubola ngemva kwemijikelezo ye-100 kungu-4% kuya ku-7% ngaphansi kwecala le-aluminium. 5) Umklamo uyavumelana nezimo, umumo ungashintshwa ube yimuphi umumo, ungaba mncane, futhi amamodeli amaseli amasha angathuthukiswa ngokuya ngezidingo zamakhasimende. Ububi bamabhethri ephakethe elithambile alihambisani kahle, izindleko eziphezulu, ukuvuza okulula, kanye nomkhawulo wobuchwepheshe ophezulu.

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Umfanekiso 4. Ukwakheka kwebhethri yephakethe elithambile

Abakhiqizi bamabhethri asezingeni eliphezulu njenge-LG yaseNingizimu Korea kanye ne-ASEC yase-Japan banamabhethri anamandla e-soft-pack akhiqizwa ngobuningi, asetshenziswa kumamodeli kagesi namamodeli ayingxube ayi-hybrid ezinkampani ezinkulu zezimoto ezinjengeNissan, Chevrolet, neFord, okuhlanganisa amamodeli amathathu amakhulu okukhiqiza nokuthengisa emhlabeni. Iqabunga neVolt. Isikhondlakhondla sebhethri yezwe lami i-Wanxiang kanye nalabo abafika sekwephuzile i-Funeng Technology, i-Yiwei Lithium Energy, i-Polyfluoride, ne-Gateway Power nabo baqale ukukhiqiza ngobuningi bamabhethri ephakethe elithambile ukuze banikeze izinkampani ezinkulu zezimoto njenge-BAIC ne-SAIC.

3. Ibhethri yesikwele

Ukuthandwa kwamabhethri ayisikwele kuphezulu kakhulu e-China. Ngokukhula kwamabhethri anamandla ezimoto eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukungqubuzana phakathi kwebanga lokuhamba kwezimoto nomthamo webhethri kuye kwagqama kakhulu. Abakhiqizi bebhethri lamandla asekhaya ngokuvamile basebenzisa amabhethri ayisikwele e-aluminium-shell anebhethri elikhulu elinamandla. , Ngenxa yokuthi ukwakheka kwebhethri yesikwele kulula, ngokungafani nebhethri ye-cylindrical, esebenzisa insimbi engagqwali yamandla aphezulu njengegobolondo nezesekeli ezinama-valve okuvikela ukuqhuma, izesekeli eziphelele zilula ngesisindo futhi ziphakeme ngokuqhathaniswa namandla amakhulu. Ikesi lebhethri eliyisikwele lenziwe kakhulu nge-aluminium alloy, insimbi engagqwali nezinye izinto, kanti ukusetshenziswa kwangaphakathi kokusonta noma inqubo yokulambisa, ukuvikelwa kwebhethri kungcono kunokwebhethri yefilimu ye-aluminium-plastic (okungukuthi, ibhethri ye-soft-pack), futhi ukuphepha kwebhethri ku-cylindrical uma kuqhathaniswa. Amabhethri ohlobo nawo athuthukiswe kakhulu.

Umfanekiso 5. Isakhiwo seseli yesikwele

Kodwa-ke, njengoba ibhethri ye-lithium yesikwele ingenziwa ngokwezifiso ngokusho kobukhulu bomkhiqizo, kunezinkulungwane zamamodeli emakethe, futhi ngenxa yokuthi kunamamodeli amaningi kakhulu, inqubo inzima ukuhlanganisa. Ayikho inkinga ekusebenziseni amabhethri ayisikwele emikhiqizweni evamile ye-elekthronikhi, kodwa emikhiqizweni yemishini yezimboni edinga uchungechunge oluningi nokuhambisana, kungcono ukusebenzisa amabhethri e-lithium ajwayelekile, ukuze inqubo yokukhiqiza iqinisekiswe, futhi kulula ukuthola ukushintshwa. esikhathini esizayo. Ibhethri.

Izinkampani zasekhaya nezangaphandle ezisebenzisa isikwele njengenqubo yokupakisha ikakhulukazi zifaka i-Samsung SDI (ifomu lokupakisha liyisikwele ngokuyinhloko, futhi impahla ye-electrode eyakhayo isebenzisa izinto ze-ternary NCM kanye ne-NCA. Ilandela ngenkuthalo ukukhiqizwa kwamabhethri angama-21700), i-BYD (amandla amabhethri ikakhulukazi amagobolondo e-aluminium yesikwele), impahla ye-cathode ikakhulukazi i-lithium iron phosphate, futhi ibilokhu yenza ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kanye nokugcinwa kwezobuchwepheshe kwamabhethri e-ternary), i-CATL (imikhiqizo ikakhulukazi amabhethri egobolondo le-aluminium yesikwele, kanti impahla ye-cathode ihlanganisa I-lithium iron phosphate kanye ne-ternary Umzila wezobuchwepheshe we-lithium iron phosphate Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekugcineni amandla nasemabhasini, i-CATL yaqala ukuguqukela ngokuphelele ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo ngo-2015, ihlinzeka ngamaphakethe ebhethri e-ternary ezimotweni zabagibeli ze-BMW, ​​Geely nezinye izinkampani), i-Guoxuan Hi-Tech (ikakhulukazi ngesimo sokupakishwa kwesikwele, kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo ze-electrode zibandakanya i-Lithium iron phosphate nezinto ze-ternary), i-TianjinLishen, njll.

Ngokuvamile, izinhlobo ezintathu zokupakisha zamaphakethe angama-cylindrical, isikwele kanye namaphakethe athambile anezinzuzo zawo kanye nokubi, futhi ibhethri ngalinye linenkambu yalo ebusayo. Indlela yokupakisha engcono kakhulu inganqunywa ngokuya nezici zebhethri, izinkambu zokusetshenziswa komkhiqizo, izici zomkhiqizo, njll. kuhlanganiswe nezici zefomu lokupakisha. Nokho, uhlobo lokupakisha ngalunye lwebhethri lunobunzima balo bezobuchwepheshe. Idizayini yebhethri enhle ibandakanya izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi emikhakheni eminingi efana ne-electrochemistry, ukushisa, ugesi, kanye nemishini, okubeka phambili izidingo eziphezulu zabaklami bebhethri. Abantu bebhethri ye-lithium basadinga ukuqhubeka nomzamo!