Cikakken bayani na baturi 18650 da tunanin baturi 21700 da fa’idojinsu

Tare da saurin haɓaka sabbin motocin makamashi a cikin ‘yan shekarun nan, batir lithium suma sun zama sananne. Batirin wutar lantarki koyaushe ya kasance muhimmin filin sabbin motocin makamashi. Duk wanda ya mallaki batura zai mallaki sabbin motocin makamashi. Daga cikin batirin wutar lantarki, wanda ya fi daukar ido babu shakka shine baturin lithium-ion.

Yawan kuzarin batirin lithium-ion yana da yawa sosai, kuma karfinsa ya ninka sau 1.5 zuwa 2 na batirin nickel-hydrogen masu nauyi daya, kuma yana da karancin fitar da kai. Bugu da ƙari, batir lithium-ion ba su da kusan “tasirin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya” kuma ba su ƙunshi abubuwa masu guba ba. Waɗannan fa’idodin batir lithium-ion sun sa ana amfani da shi sosai a fagen sabbin motocin makamashi.

A zamanin yau, batirin lithium-ion siliki da aka fi amfani dashi shine batura 18650 da batura 21700.

18650 baturi:

Batura 18650 asalin suna magana ne ga batura hydride nickel-metal da baturan lithium-ion. Kamar yadda batirin nickel-metal hydride ba a cika amfani da su ba, yanzu suna nufin baturan lithium-ion. 18650 shine wanda ya fara samar da batirin lithium-ion-daidaitaccen samfurin batirin lithium-ion wanda SONY ta kafa a Japan don adana farashi, inda 18 ke nufin diamita 18mm, 65 yana nufin tsayin 65mm, 0 kuma yana nufin batirin silindi. Batura na 18650 na gama gari sun haɗa da batura lithium-ion na ternary da batir phosphate na lithium baƙin ƙarfe.

Magana game da batura 18650, Tesla dole ne a ambaci. Lokacin da Tesla ke kera batirin motocin lantarki, ya gwada nau’ikan batura iri-iri, amma a karshe ya mai da hankali kan batura 18650 kuma ya yi amfani da batura 18650 a matsayin sabbin batura masu amfani da wutar lantarki. Hanyar fasaha. Ana iya cewa dalilin da ya sa Tesla ke iya samun aikin da bai kai na motocin man fetur na gargajiya ba, baya ga fasahar injin lantarki, yana kuma amfana da fasahar batir na Tesla. Don haka me yasa Tesla ya zaɓi baturin 18650 a matsayin tushen wutar lantarki?

amfani

Balagagge fasaha da babban daidaito

Kafin shiga fagen sabbin motocin makamashi, an yi amfani da batura 18650 sosai a cikin samfuran lantarki. Su ne na farko, mafi girma kuma mafi tsayayyen baturan lithium-ion. Bayan shekaru na gwaninta, masana’antun Japan sun tara batura 18650 a cikin samfuran masu amfani. Ana amfani da fasahar ci gaba sosai a fagen batir abin hawa. Panasonic yana daya daga cikin manyan kamfanonin fasahar batir da ma’auni a duniya. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran masana’antun, yana da ƙananan lahani na samfur da girman girman, kuma yana da sauƙi don zaɓar batura tare da daidaito mai kyau.

Sabanin haka, sauran batura, irin su batura lithium-ion da aka tattara, ba su da girma sosai. Yawancin samfurori ba za su iya haɗewa cikin girma da girma ba, kuma tsarin samarwa da masana’antun batir suka mallaka ba za su iya cika sharuɗɗan ba. Gabaɗaya, daidaiton baturi bai kai matakin baturin 18650 ba. Idan daidaiton baturi ya kasa cika abubuwan da ake buƙata, gudanar da babban adadin igiyoyin baturi da fakitin baturi da aka kafa a layi daya ba zai ba da damar aikin kowane baturi ya fi kyau a buga ba, kuma batir 18650 na iya magance wannan matsala da kyau.

Babban aikin aminci

Batirin lithium na 18650 yana da babban aikin aminci, mara fashewa, mara ƙonewa; mara guba, mara gurɓatacce, kuma ya wuce takaddun shaida na RoHS; kuma yana da kyakkyawan juriya na zafin jiki, kuma aikin fitarwa shine 100% a digiri 65.

Baturin 18650 gabaɗaya an haɗa shi a cikin harsashi na ƙarfe. A cikin matsanancin yanayi kamar haɗarin mota, zai iya rage faruwar haɗarin haɗari kamar yadda zai yiwu, kuma amincin ya fi girma. Bugu da kari, girman kowane tantanin baturi na 18650 karami ne, kuma ana iya sarrafa makamashin kowace tantanin halitta a cikin karamin zango. Idan aka kwatanta da amfani da manyan sel batir, ko da naúrar fakitin baturin ta gaza, ana iya rage tasirin gazawar.

Babban ƙarfin kuzari

Yawan batirin lithium 18650 gabaɗaya yana tsakanin 1200mah da 3600mah, yayin da ƙarfin baturi gabaɗaya kusan 800mah. Idan aka haɗa cikin fakitin baturin lithium 18650, fakitin baturin lithium 18650 zai iya wuce 5000mah. Ƙarfinsa ya ninka sau 1.5 zuwa 2 na batirin nickel-hydrogen mai nauyi ɗaya, kuma yana da ƙarancin fitar da kai. Ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin baturi na 18650 na iya kaiwa matakin 250Wh/kg a halin yanzu, wanda ya dace da buƙatun babban kewayon Tesla.

Low cost da high cost yi

Baturin lithium mai lamba 18650 yana da tsawon rayuwar sabis, kuma rayuwar sake zagayowar na iya kaiwa fiye da sau 500 a amfani da ita ta al’ada, wanda ya ninka na batir na yau da kullun. Samfurin 18650 yana da babban matakin balaga fasaha. Tsarin tsari, fasahar kere-kere, da kayan aikin masana’anta, da kuma fasahar 18650 da aka samu duk sun balaga, duk suna rage farashin aiki da kulawa.

Batirin 18650, wanda a halin yanzu ake amfani da shi, yana da tarihin ci gaba na shekaru masu yawa. Kodayake fasahar tana da ɗan girma idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau’ikan batura, har yanzu tana fuskantar matsaloli kamar samar da zafi mai ƙarfi, haɗaɗɗiyar haɗaɗɗiya, da gazawar samun saurin caji. A cikin wannan mahallin, batura 21700 cylindrical ternary sun kasance.

A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2017, Tesla ya sanar da fara samar da tarin sabon baturi na 21700 wanda Tesla da Panasonic suka haɓaka tare, kuma ya jaddada cewa wannan baturi ne wanda yake da mafi girman ƙarfin makamashi da mafi ƙarancin farashi a tsakanin batura a halin yanzu don samar da yawan jama’a.

21700 baturi:

Batirin 21700 shine samfurin baturi mai siliki, musamman: 21-yana nufin baturin cylindrical tare da diamita na waje na 21mm; 700-yana nufin baturin cylindrical tare da tsayin 70.0mm.

Wannan sabon tsari ne da aka ƙera don biyan buƙatun motocin lantarki don tsayin nisan tuƙi da inganta ingantaccen amfani da sararin baturin abin hawa. Idan aka kwatanta da na kowa 18650 cylindrical lithium baturi, ƙarfin 21700 zai iya zama fiye da 35% sama da na abu ɗaya.

Sabuwar 21700 tana da fa’idodi huɗu masu mahimmanci:

(1) An ƙara ƙarfin cell ɗin baturi da 35%. Dauki baturin 21700 da Tesla ya samar a matsayin misali. Bayan canzawa daga samfurin 18650 zuwa samfurin 21700, ƙarfin baturi zai iya kaiwa 3 zuwa 4.8 Ah, karuwa mai mahimmanci na 35%.

(2) Yawan kuzarin tsarin baturi yana ƙaruwa da kusan 20%. Bisa ga bayanan da Tesla ya bayyana, yawan makamashi na tsarin baturi na 18650 da aka yi amfani da shi a farkon kwanakin ya kasance kusan 250Wh / kg. Daga baya, yawan makamashi na tsarin baturi 21700 da aka samar da shi ya kasance kusan 300Wh/kg. Matsakaicin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin baturi 21700 ya fi na asali 18650. Kusan 20%.

(3) Ana sa ran farashin tsarin zai ragu da kusan 9%. Daga nazarin bayanan farashin baturi da Tesla ya bayyana, ana siyar da tsarin batirin lithium na baturin 21700 akan $170/Wh, kuma farashin tsarin batir na 18650 shine $185/Wh. Bayan amfani da batura 21700 akan Model 3, ana iya rage farashin tsarin batir kaɗai da kusan 9%.

(4) Ana sa ran nauyin tsarin zai ragu da kusan 10%. Yawan adadin 21700 ya fi girma fiye da 18650. Yayin da ƙarfin monomer ya karu, ƙarfin makamashi na monomer ya fi girma, don haka za a iya rage yawan adadin baturi da ake bukata a ƙarƙashin makamashi ɗaya da kusan 1/3, wanda zai rage wahala. na sarrafa tsarin da rage yawan batura. Yawan sassan tsarin ƙarfe da na’urorin lantarki da aka yi amfani da su a cikin jakar suna ƙara rage nauyin baturi. Bayan Samsung SDI ya sauya zuwa sabon saitin batura 21700, an gano cewa an rage nauyin tsarin da kashi 10% idan aka kwatanta da baturin yanzu.