Incazelo enemininingwane yebhethri engu-18650 nemiqondo yebhethri engu-21700 kanye nezinzuzo zayo

Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwezimoto zamandla amasha eminyakeni yamuva nje, amabhethri e-lithium nawo adumile. Amabhethri kagesi abelokhu eyinkambu ebalulekile yezimoto zamandla amasha. Noma ubani ophethe amabhethri amandla uzoba yingcweti kwezimoto zamandla amasha. Phakathi kwamabhethri anamandla, okudonsa amehlo kakhulu ngokungangabazeki ibhethri ye-lithium-ion.

Umthamo wamandla wamabhethri e-lithium-ion uphakeme kakhulu, futhi amandla ayo aphindwe izikhathi ezingu-1.5 kuya kwezi-2 kunamabhethri e-nickel-hydrogen anesisindo esifanayo, futhi inezinga eliphansi kakhulu lokuzikhipha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhethri e-lithium-ion cishe awanawo “umphumela wenkumbulo” futhi awaqukethe izinto ezinobuthi. Lezi zinzuzo zamabhethri e-lithium-ion ziwenza asetshenziswe kabanzi emkhakheni wezimoto zamandla amasha.

Namuhla, amabhethri e-cylindrical lithium-ion asetshenziswa kakhulu angama-18650 namabhethri angama-21700.

18650 ibhethri:

Amabhethri angu-18650 ekuqaleni ayebhekisela kumabhethri e-nickel-metal hydride namabhethri e-lithium-ion. Njengoba amabhethri e-nickel-metal hydride manje esesetshenziswa kancane, manje abhekisela kumabhethri e-lithium-ion. I-18650 ingumsunguli wamabhethri e-lithium-ion-imodeli yebhethri ye-lithium-ion ejwayelekile esethwe i-SONY yase-Japan ukuze kongiwe izindleko, lapho u-18 esho ububanzi obungu-18mm, u-65 usho ubude obungu-65mm, futhi u-0 usho ibhethri eliyicylindrical. Amabhethri ajwayelekile angu-18650 afaka amabhethri e-ternary lithium-ion namabhethri e-lithium iron phosphate.

Ekhuluma ngamabhethri e-18650, i-Tesla kufanele ikhulunywe. Lapho i-Tesla ithuthukisa amabhethri emoto kagesi, ihlole izinhlobo eziningi zamabhethri, kodwa ekugcineni igxile kumabhethri angu-18650 futhi yasebenzisa amabhethri angu-18650 njengamabhethri emoto kagesi amasha. Umzila wobuchwepheshe. Kungashiwo ukuthi isizathu sokuthi kungani uTesla ekwazi ukusebenza okungekho ngaphansi kwezimoto zendabuko zamafutha, ngaphezu kobuchwepheshe bezimoto zikagesi, futhi uzuza kubuchwepheshe bebhethri obuthuthukisiwe bukaTesla. Pho kungani uTesla ekhethe ibhethri le-18650 njengomthombo walo wamandla?

Inzuzo

Ubuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe nokuvumelana okuphezulu

Ngaphambi kokungena emkhakheni wezimoto zamandla amasha, amabhethri e-18650 asetshenziswe kabanzi emikhiqizweni ye-elekthronikhi. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion asekuqaleni, avuthiwe futhi azinzile. Ngemva kweminyaka yokuhlangenwe nakho, abakhiqizi baseJapane baqongelele amabhethri angu-18650 emikhiqizweni yabathengi. Ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu busetshenziswa kahle kakhulu emkhakheni wamabhethri emoto. I-Panasonic ingenye yezinkampani ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni zobuchwepheshe bebhethri nezikali. Uma iqhathaniswa nabanye abakhiqizi, inokukhubazeka okuncane kwemikhiqizo kanye nesilinganiso esikhulu, futhi kulula ukukhetha amabhethri anokuhambisana okuhle.

Ngokuphambene, amanye amabhethri, njengamabhethri e-lithium-ion astakiwe, asekude nokuvuthwa ngokwanele. Imikhiqizo eminingi ayikwazi ngisho ukuhlanganiswa ngosayizi nosayizi, futhi izinqubo zokukhiqiza zabakhiqizi bebhethri azikwazi ukuhlangabezana nemibandela. Ngokuvamile, ukuvumelana kwebhethri akufinyeleli izinga lebhethri le-18650. Uma ukuvumelana kwebhethri kwehluleka ukuhlangabezana nezidingo, ukuphathwa kwenani elikhulu lezintambo zebhethri namaphakethe ebhethri akhiwe ngokuhambisana ngeke kuvumele ukusebenza kwebhethri ngayinye ukuba idlalwe kangcono, futhi amabhethri angu-18650 angakwazi ukuxazulula le nkinga kahle.

Ukusebenza kokuphepha okuphezulu

Ibhethri ye-lithium ye-18650 inokusebenza okuphezulu kokuphepha, okungaqhumi, okungashi; okungezona ubuthi, okungangcolisi, futhi uphumelele isitifiketi sophawu lwentengiso lwe-RoHS; futhi inokumelana okuhle kokushisa okuphezulu, futhi ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha kungu-100% kuma-degree angama-65.

Ibhethri le-18650 livamise ukupakishwa kugobolondo lensimbi. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu njengokushayisana kwemoto, kunganciphisa ukwenzeka kwezingozi zokuphepha ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi nokuphepha kuphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubukhulu bebhethri ngayinye ye-18650 buncane, futhi amandla eseli ngalinye angalawulwa ebangeni elincane. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwamaseli ebhethri osayizi omkhulu, ngisho noma iyunithi yebhethri yehluleka, ingancishiswa Umthelela wokwehluleka.

Ukuqina kwamandla amakhulu

Umthamo webhethri ye-lithium engu-18650 ngokuvamile uphakathi kuka-1200mah no-3600mah, kuyilapho umthamo webhethri ovamile ungama-800mah kuphela. Uma ihlanganiswe ibe yi-18650 lithium battery pack, i-18650 lithium battery pack ingadlula ku-5000mah. Umthamo wayo u-1.5 kuya ku-2 webhethri ye-nickel-hydrogen yesisindo esifanayo, futhi inezinga eliphansi kakhulu lokuzikhipha. Ukuminyana kwamandla weseli yebhethri engu-18650 okwamanje kungafinyelela izinga elingu-250Wh/kg, elihlangabezana nezidingo zobubanzi obuphezulu bokuhamba ngomkhumbi kaTesla.

Izindleko eziphansi nokusebenza kwezindleko eziphezulu

Ibhethri ye-lithium ye-18650 inokuphila kwenkonzo ende, futhi impilo yomjikelezo ingafinyelela izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-500 ekusetshenzisweni okujwayelekile, okungaphezu kokuphindwe kabili kwamabhethri avamile. Umkhiqizo we-18650 unezinga eliphezulu lokuvuthwa kwezobuchwepheshe. Idizayini yesakhiwo, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza, kanye nemishini yokukhiqiza, kanye nobuchwepheshe bemojula ye-18650 konke sekuvuthiwe, konke okunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza nokugcinwa kwazo.

Ibhethri le-18650, elisetshenziswa kabanzi njengamanje, linomlando wokuthuthuka iminyaka eminingi. Yize ubuchwepheshe sebuvuthiwe uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zamabhethri, zisabhekene nezinkinga ezifana nokukhiqiza ukushisa okuphezulu, ukuqoqana okuyinkimbinkimbi, kanye nokungakwazi ukuzuza ukushaja okusheshayo. Kulo mongo, amabhethri angama-cylindrical ternary angama-21700 abe khona.

NgoJanuwari 4, 2017, u-Tesla umemezele ukuqala kokukhiqizwa ngobuningi bebhethri elisha le-21700 elithuthukiswe ngokuhlanganyela yi-Tesla ne-Panasonic, futhi wagcizelela ukuthi leli yibhethri elinamandla aphezulu kakhulu kanye nezindleko eziphansi kakhulu phakathi kwamabhethri atholakalayo okwamanje ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi.

21700 ibhethri:

Ibhethri i-21700 iyimodeli yebhethri eyi-cylindrical, ikakhulukazi: i-21-ibhekisela kubhethri ye-cylindrical enobubanzi obungaphandle obungu-21mm; 700-ibhekisela ebhethrini eliyisilinda elinobude obungu-70.0mm.

Lena imodeli entsha ethuthukisiwe ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zezimoto zikagesi zokushayela amakhilomitha amade nokuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa okuphumelelayo kwesikhala sebhethri lemoto. Uma kuqhathaniswa nebhethri elivamile le-18650 cylindrical lithium, umthamo we-21700 ungaba ngaphezu kwama-35% aphezulu kunalowo wento efanayo.

I-21700 entsha inezinzuzo ezine ezibalulekile:

(1) Amandla ebhethri akhuphuka ngo-35%. Thatha ibhethri le-21700 elikhiqizwe nguTesla njengesibonelo. Ngemuva kokushintsha imodeli ye-18650 kuya kumodeli we-21700, umthamo webhethri webhethri ungafinyelela ku-3 kuya ku-4.8 Ah, ukwanda okuphawulekayo kwe-35%.

(2) Ukuminyana kwamandla wesistimu yebhethri kukhuphuka cishe ngo-20%. Ngokusho kwedatha edalulwe ngu-Tesla, ukuminyana kwamandla wesistimu yebhethri ye-18650 esetshenziswe ezinsukwini zakuqala cishe kwakungama-250Wh/kg. Kamuva, ukuminyana kwamandla wesistimu yebhethri engu-21700 ekhiqizwe yilo kwakucishe kube ngu-300Wh/kg. Ukuminyana kwamandla wevolumu yebhethri engu-21700 bekungaphezulu kuneyasekuqaleni engu-18650. Cishe u-20%.

(3) Izindleko zohlelo kulindeleke ukuthi zehle cishe ngo-9%. Kusukela ekuhlaziyweni kolwazi lwentengo yebhethri oludalulwe nguTesla, isistimu yebhethri ye-lithium yamandla yebhethri ye-21700 inenani lentengo ku-$ 170 / Wh, futhi intengo yesistimu yebhethri ye-18650 i-$ 185 / Wh. Ngemva kokusebenzisa amabhethri angu-21700 ku-Model 3, izindleko zesistimu yebhethri zizodwa zingancishiswa cishe ngo-9%.

(4) Isisindo sohlelo kulindeleke ukuthi sehle cishe ngo-10%. Umthamo ophelele we-21700 mkhulu kuno-18650. Njengoba umthamo we-monomer ukhula, ukuminyana kwamandla we-monomer kuphezulu, ngakho inani lama-monomers ebhethri adingekayo ngaphansi kwamandla afanayo lingancishiswa cishe nge-1/3, okuzonciphisa ubunzima. yokuphathwa kwesistimu nokunciphisa inani lamabhethri. Inani lezingxenye zesakhiwo sensimbi nezinto ezisetshenziswayo zikagesi ezisetshenziswa esikhwameni zinciphisa futhi isisindo sebhethri. Ngemuva kokuthi i-Samsung SDI ishintshele kusethi entsha yamabhethri angu-21700, kutholakale ukuthi isisindo sohlelo sehliswe ngo-10% uma kuqhathaniswa nebhethri yamanje.