Musi wa9 Ndira, pa “2020NIODay” yakaitwa naWeilai, pamusoro peiyo yekutanga debut yeET7, inozivikanwa se “ikozvino yemhando yepamusoro yekubatanidza tekinoroji”, zvakaziviswawo kuti Weilai ET7 ine mabhatiri akasimba. ichava muchikamu chechina che 2022. Pamusika, simba rayo rinosvika 360Wh / kg, uye nemabhatiri ehurumende yakasimba, mileage yeWeilai ET7 inogona kusvika makiromita anopfuura 1,000 pamutengo mumwe chete.

Nekudaro, Li Bin, muvambi weWeilai, akanyarara pane mutengesi wemabhatiri ehurumende, achingotaura kuti Weilai Automobile ine hukama hwepedyo hwekubatana nevanopa mabhatiri ehurumende uye zvirokwazvo ndiyo kambani inotungamira indasitiri. Zvichienderana nemazwi aLi Bin, vekunze vanofungidzira kuti uyu akasimba-state bhatiri mutengesi anogona kunge ari munguva yeNingde.

Asi zvisinei kuti NIO’s solid-state bhatiri mutengesi ndiani, mabhatiri ehurumende ndiyo mhinduro yakanakisa kumatambudziko mazhinji mukugadzirwa kwemotokari dzemagetsi matsva, uye zvakare inzira yakakosha yekusimudzira muindasitiri yemagetsi bhatiri.

Munhu ari muindasitiri yebhatiri yemagetsi anotenda kuti mabhatiri akasimba-nyika ichave iyo tekinoroji inoraira yakakwirira yechizvarwa chinotevera chepamusoro-inoshanda mabhatiri emagetsi. “Munda wemabhatiri ehurumende wapinda munhangemutange yehondo’ nevazhinji vari kupinda mumusika, kusanganisira makambani emotokari, makambani emagetsi emagetsi, masangano ekudyara mari, neongororo yesainzi. Masangano nevamwe vari kutamba mitambo mumatatu emari, tekinoroji, uye tarenda. Kana vakasatsvaga shanduko vanenge vasipo.

Simba bhatiri pasi rose

Kudziya uye kutonhora kweindasitiri yebhatiri yemagetsi hazviparadzaniswe kubva kune nyowani simba remotokari indasitiri, uye nekudzoreredza zvishoma nezvishoma kwemusika mutsva wemotokari yemagetsi, kukwikwidza muindasitiri yebhatiri yemagetsi kwawedzera kutyisa.

Zvakakodzera kutaura kuti bhatiri remagetsi rinozivikanwa se “moyo” wemotokari nyowani, inoverengera 30% kusvika 40% yemutengo wemotokari. Nechikonzero ichi, iyo indasitiri yebhatiri yemagetsi yakamboonekwa senzvimbo yekubudirira mune inotevera nguva yeindasitiri yemotokari. Nekudaro, nekutonhodzwa kwemitemo uye kudzoka kwemhando dzekunze, indasitiri yemabhatiri emagetsi iri kutarisana nematambudziko akanyanya kufanana neindasitiri yemotokari yemagetsi.

Nguva yeNingde yaive yekutanga kutarisana nematambudziko makukutu.

Musi waNdira 13, sangano rekutsvagisa musika rekuSouth Korea SNResearch rakazivisa data rakakodzera pamusika wepasi rose webhatiri remagetsi muna 2020. Dhata inoratidza kuti muna 2020, huwandu hwepasi rose hwakaiswa hwemabhatiri emagetsi pamotokari dzemagetsi huchasvika 137GWh, kuwedzera kwegore negore. 17%.

Kune makambani ebhatiri emagetsi, iyo yakasimwa huwandu inosarudza nzvimbo yavo yemusika. Kunyangwe iyo yakaiswa yeCATL ichiri kuchengetedza mukana, kubva pakuona kwekuwedzera kwekukura kwebhizinesi repasi rose, iyo yakaiswa yeCATL yakadzikira zvakanyanya kupfuura mwero wekukura kwenyika. Mukupokana, makambani ebhatiri emagetsi eJapan neKorea anomiririrwa neLG Chem, Panasonic, uye SKI ari kukurumidza kuwedzera.

Sezvo mutemo mutsva wekupa rubatsiro rwemotokari yemagetsi wakaunzwa zviri pamutemo muna 2013, indasitiri yebhatiri yemagetsi, inowirirana zvakanyanya neindasitiri yemotokari yemagetsi, yakambounzwa mukusimudzira nekukurumidza.

Mushure megore ra2015, Bazi reMaindasitiri neRuzivo rweTekinoroji rakaburitsa magwaro emutemo akadai se “Motokari Yemagetsi Battery Indasitiri Mayero uye Mayero” uye “Power Battery Vagadziri Dhairekitori”. Makambani ebhatiri emagetsi eJapan neSouth Korea “akadzingwa”, uye kusimukira kweindasitiri yemagetsi emagetsi emumba yakasvika pakakwirira.

Nekudaro, muna Chikumi 2019, iine marongero akaomeswa, zvikumbaridzo zvepamusoro, uye shanduko munzira, nhamba huru yemakambani emagetsi emagetsi akawana nguva yekunetseka uye akazonyangarika. Pakazosvika 2020, huwandu hwemakambani emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi akaderedzwa kusvika kupfuura makumi maviri.

Panguva imwecheteyo, makambani emagetsi emagetsi ekunze akaiswa kune dzimwe nyika ave akagadzirira kufambisa mafuta mumusika weChina. Kubva 2018, makambani ekuJapan neKorea emagetsi ebhatiri akadai seSamsung SDI, LG Chem, SKI, nezvimwewo atanga kumhanyisa “counterattack” yemusika weChinese uye kuwedzera simba rekugadzira bhatiri. Pakati pavo, mafekitori emagetsi ebhatiri eSamsung SDI uye LG Chem akapedzwa uye akaiswa mukugadzirwa. Musika webhatiri wemagetsi wepamba Inopa iyo “Humambo Hutatu Kuuraya” maitiro eChina, Japan neSouth Korea.

Inonyanya hutsinye ndeye LG Chem. Kubva iyo Model 3 yakatevedzana yakagadzirwa neTesla’s Shanghai Gigafactory inoshandisa LG Chem mabhatiri, haina kungofambisa kukurumidza kukura kwe LG Chem, asi yakavharawo nguva yeNingde. Muchikamu chekutanga cha2020, LG Chem, iyo yakatanga iri pachinhanho chechitatu, yakapfuura nguva yeNingde mune imwe yakawira pasi uye ikava kambani hombe yepasi rose yebhatiri ine mugove wemusika.

Panguva imwecheteyo, BYD yakatangawo kukanganisa.

Muna Kurume 2020, BYD yakaburitsa mabhatiri eblade ndokutanga kuapa kumakambani emotokari echitatu. Wang Chuanfu akati, “Pasi pechirongwa chikuru chekuvhura kuzere, kupatsanurwa kwakazvimirira kweBYD Battery kwakaiswa pachirongwa, uye zvinotarisirwa kuita IPO kunosvika 2022.”

Muchokwadi, mabhatiri eblade anowedzera nezve kuvandudzwa mukugadzirwa kwebhatiri uye kugadzirisa tekinoroji, uye hapana budiriro yekuvandudza muzvinhu uye tekinoroji. Parizvino, ternary lithium bhatiri uye lithium iron phosphate bhatiri inowanzoshandiswa mumotokari dzemagetsi ese ari maviri mabhatiri e-lithium-ion, uye bhatiri re lithium rine simba repamusoro-soro i260Wh/kg. Iyo indasitiri inowanzo tenda kuti iyo simba density yelithium-ion mabhatiri ari padyo nemuganho. Zvakaoma kudarika 300Wh/kg.

Mutambo wekadhi wehafu yechipiri watanga

Chokwadi chisingarambiki ndechekuti ani nani anogona kupaza bhodhoro rehunyanzvi kutanga achakwanisa kutora mukana muhafu yechipiri.

Kutanga muna Zvita 2019, Ministry of Indasitiri neRuzivo rweTekinoroji yakaburitsa “New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035)”, iyo yaisanganisira kusimudzira iyo R&D uye maindasitiri eiyo solid-state simba bhatiri tekinoroji se “New Energy Vehicle Core. Technology Research Project”. Kurudzira yakasimba-state bhatiri kusvika padanho renyika.

Mumakore achangopfuura, makambani makuru emotokari epamba nekune dzimwe nyika, akadai seToyota, Nissan Renault, GM, BAIC, uye SAIC, atanga kukwidza R&D uye indasitiri yemabhatiri akasimba. Panguva imwecheteyo, makambani emabhatiri akadai seTsingtao Energy, LG Chem, uye Massachusetts Solid Energy Gadziriro dzekuvakwa kwemafekitori akasimba ebhatiri akatangawo, kusanganisira mitsara yekugadzira bhatiri yakasimba iyo yatoiswa mukushanda.

Kuenzaniswa nemabhatiri echinyakare e-lithium, mabhatiri e-solid-state ane zvakawanda zvakanaka senge yakakwira simba density, kuchengetedzwa kuri nani, uye saizi diki, uye anoonekwa neindasitiri senzira yekusimudzira mabhatiri emagetsi.

Kusiyana nemabhatiri e-lithium anoshandisa maelectrolytes se electrolytes, solid-state bhatiri tekinoroji inoshandisa yakasimba girazi makomisheni akagadzirwa ne lithium uye sodium se conductive zvinhu. Sezvo iyo yakasimba conductive material isina fluidity, dambudziko re lithium dendrites rinogadziriswa, uye diaphragm yepakati uye graphite anode zvinhu kuti zvive nechokwadi chokuti kugadzikana kunogona kubviswa, kuchengetedza nzvimbo yakawanda. Nenzira iyi, chikamu che electrode zvinhu zvinogona kuwedzerwa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira munzvimbo shoma yebhatiri, nekudaro kuwedzera simba remagetsi. Muchiono, mabhatiri e-solid-state anogona nyore kuwana simba rinopfuura 300Wh/kg. Panguva ino Weilai anoti mabhatiri ehurumende aanoshandisa akawana simba repamusoro-soro re360Wh/kg.

Iwo ataurwa pamusoro peindasitiri mukati vanotenda zvakare kuti bhatiri iri richava danho rakakosha kune ramangwana remagetsi. Kuwanda kwesimba remabhatiri akasimba-state anotarisirwa kusvika kaviri kusvika katatu kune yezvino lithium-ion mabhatiri, uye ichave yakareruka, hupenyu hurefu, uye yakachengeteka kupfuura mabhatiri azvino.

Kuchengetedzeka kwagara kuri mumvuri pamusoro pesimba rebhatiri indasitiri.

Muna 2020, nyika yangu yakaita huwandu hwe199 kuyeuka kwemotokari, zvinosanganisira 6,682,300 mota, idzo makumi matatu neshanu mota dzemagetsi dzakayeukwa. Mukudzokorodza kwemotokari itsva dzesimba, bhatiri remagetsi rinogona kunge riine njodzi dzekuchengetedza dzakadai sekumhanya kwemafuta uye kupisa kwega. Kuchiri kudzokororwa kwemotokari itsva dzine simba. chikonzero chikuru. Kusiyana neizvi, chinhu chikuru chemagetsi akasimba ndechekuti haasi nyore kupisa, nekudaro anovandudza kuchengetedzwa kwemotokari nyowani.

Toyota yakapinda mumunda wemabhatiri ehurumende kare kare. Kubva 2004, Toyota yanga ichigadzira-yakasimba-nyika mabhatiri uye yakaunganidza yekutanga-ruoko yakasimba-state bhatiri tekinoroji. Muna Chivabvu 2019, Toyota yakaratidza masampula ayo-akasimba-nyika bhatiri riri mudanho rekugadzira. Sekureva kwechirongwa cheToyota, inoronga kuwedzera huwandu hwesimba remabhatiri akasimba-nyika kusvika zvakapetwa kaviri kusimba kwesimba reiyo iripo lithium mabhatiri ne2025, inotarisirwa kusvika 450Wh/kg. Panguva iyoyo, mota dzemagetsi dzakashongedzerwa mabhatiri akasimba-nyika dzichava nekuwedzera kwakakura kwekufamba-famba, iyo inofananidzwa nemotokari dzemafuta azvino.

Panguva imwecheteyo, BAIC New Energy yakazivisawo kupedzwa kwekumisikidzwa kweyekutanga yakachena yemagetsi prototype mota ine yakasimba-state bhatiri system. Pakutanga kwa2020, BAIC New Energy yakazivisa “2029 Plan”, iyo inosanganisira kuvakwa kwesimba rakasiyana-siyana rine “matatu-in-one” simba rekutyaira system yemabhatiri e-lithium-ion, mabhatiri ehurumende, uye mafuta. masero.

Kune iyi hondo inotyisa iri kuuya, nguva yeNingde yakaitawo dhizaini inoenderana.

Muna Chivabvu 2020, Zeng Yuqun, sachigaro weCATL, akaburitsa kuti mabhatiri echokwadi akasimba anoda lithium simbi seyakaipa electrode kuwedzera simba remagetsi. CATL inoenderera mberi nekudyara mukutsvaga-kumucheto kutsvagisa uye chigadzirwa R&D mumabhatiri ehurumende uye mamwe matekinoroji.

Zviripachena, mumunda wemabhatiri emagetsi, kurwa kuzere kwakavakirwa pamabhatiri akasimba-akasimba akatanga chinyararire, uye hutungamiriri hwetekinoroji hunobva pamabhatiri akasimba-enyika huchava mvura mumunda wemabhatiri emagetsi.

Solid-state mabhatiri achiri kutarisana nemaketani

Zvinoenderana nekuverenga kweSNResearchd, nyika yangu yakasimba-nyika bhatiri nzvimbo yemusika inotarisirwa kusvika mabhiriyoni matatu yuan muna 3 uye mabhiriyoni makumi maviri yuan muna 2025.

Kunyangwe nzvimbo yakakura yemusika, kune matambudziko maviri makuru anotarisana neakasimba-state mabhatiri, tekinoroji uye mutengo. Parizvino, kune matatu makuru masisitimu emagetsi akasimba mumabhatiri akasimba munyika, anoti polymer-solid, oxide all-solid, uye sulfide all-solid electrolytes. Iyo yakasimba-state bhatiri yakataurwa naWeilai ichokwadi semi-yakasimba bhatiri, kureva, fluid electrolyte uye Kusanganiswa kweoxide solid electrolytes.

Kubva pamaonero ezvakaita kugadzirwa kwehuwandu, mabhatiri akasimba-state anogona zvechokwadi kugadzirisa nyaya dzekuchengetedza dzazvino dzemabhatiri emvura. Nekudaro, nekuti mafambisirwo emasisitimu maviri ekutanga idambudziko redzidziso kwete dambudziko rekuita, rinotoda imwe mari yeR&D yekuigadzirisa. Mukuwedzera, “njodzi dzekugadzira” ye sulfide system haigoni kunyatsogadziriswa kwekanguva. Uye dambudziko remari rakakura.

Mugwagwa unoenda kumaindasitiri emabhatiri ehurumende uchiri kuvharika nguva zhinji. Kana iwe uchida kunakidzwa chaizvo neiyo simba density bhonasi yeakasimba-state mabhatiri, unofanirwa kutsiva iyo lithium metal negative electrode system ine yakakwirira simba density. Izvi zvinogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nekuchengetedzeka kwemabhatiri akasimba-nyika, uye simba rebhatiri density rinogona kusvika Pamusoro pe500Wh/kg. Asi dambudziko iri richiri guru. Tsvagiridzo nekuvandudzwa kwemabhatiri akasimba-nyika ichiri murabhoritari yesainzi yekuyedza nhanho, iri kure nekusimudzirwa kwemaindasitiri.

Muenzaniso unogona kutaurwa ndewekuti muna Kurume 2020, Nezha Motors yakaburitsa modhi nyowani yeNezha U ine mabhatiri akasimba. Sekureva kweNezha Motors, Nezha U inoronga kuzivisa kubazi reMaindasitiri neRuzivo rweTekinoroji muna Gumiguru gore rapfuura. 500 seti inogadzirwa. Nekudaro, kubva pari zvino, 500 Nezha solid-state bhatiri mota dzichiri kushaikwa.

Nekudaro, kunyangwe mabhatiri ehurumende ane tekinoroji yakakura, kugadzirwa kwakawanda kuchiri kuda kugadzirisa makwikwi emutengo nemabhatiri e-lithium emvura. Li Bin akataurawo kuti kuomerwa kwekugadzirwa kwakawanda kwemabhatiri ehurumende ndeyekuti mutengo wakanyanya, uye dambudziko remutengo nderekushambadzira kweiyo yakasimba-state bhatiri tekinoroji. Dambudziko guru.

Chaizvoizvo, rwendo rwekufamba uye mutengo wekushandisa (mutengo wemotokari yese uye bhatiri rekutsiva) zvichiri zvisungo zvisina simba zvemotokari dzemagetsi, uye kubudirira kwechero tekinoroji nyowani kunofanirwa kugadzirisa matambudziko maviri makuru panguva imwe chete. Zvinoenderana nekuverenga, mutengo wakakwana webhatiri rehurumende rinoshandisawo graphite negative electrode i158.8$/kWh, iyo iri 34% yakakwirira kudarika mutengo webhatiri remvura we118.7$/kWh.

Pakati pese, mabhatiri ehurumende-akasimba achiri muchikamu chekuchinja, uye matambudziko ehunyanzvi uye emitengo anofanirwa kugadziriswa nekukurumidza. Zvakadaro, kune indasitiri yebhatiri yemagetsi, mabhatiri akasimba-nyika achiri nzvimbo yakakwira muhafu yechipiri yemutambo.

Rutsva rutsva rwekuchinja kwebhatiri tekinoroji iri kuuya, uye hapana anoda kusara kumashure muhafu yechipiri yehondo.