Ka la 9 Pherekhong, “2020NIODay” e neng e tšoaretsoe ke Weilai, ho kenyelletsa le qalo ea semmuso ea ET7, e tsejoang e le “kopano ea theknoloji e tsoetseng pele ka ho fetesisa”, ho ile ha phatlalatsoa hape hore Weilai ET7 e na le libeteri tsa boemo bo tiileng. e tla ba karolong ea bone ea 2022. Ka ‘marakeng, matla a eona a matla a fihla ho 360Wh / kg,’ me ka libeteri tsa boemo bo tiileng, sebaka sa Weilai ET7 se ka fihla lik’hilomithara tse fetang 1,000 ka tefiso e le ‘ngoe.

Leha ho le joalo, Li Bin, mothehi oa Weilai, o ne a khutsitse mabapi le mofani oa libeteri tsa boemo bo tiileng, a bolela feela hore Weilai Automobile e na le kamano e haufi haholo ea tšebelisano ‘moho le barekisi ba betri ea mmuso o tiileng mme ehlile ke k’hamphani e etelletseng pele indastering. Ho ipapisitsoe le mantsoe a Li Bin, lefatše le kantle le belaela hore morekisi enoa oa betri ea boemo bo tiileng e kanna ea ba mehleng ea Ningde.

Empa ho sa tsotelehe hore na mofani oa betri ea boemo bo tiileng ba NIO ke mang, libeteri tsa boemo bo tiileng ke tharollo e molemohali ea mathata a mangata ho nts’etsopele ea likoloi tse ncha tsa matla, hape ke tataiso ea bohlokoa ea nts’etsopele indastering ea betri ea matla.

Motho ea sebetsang indastering ea betri ea matla o lumela hore libeteri tsa boemo bo tiileng e tla ba bophahamo bo laelang ba theknoloji molokong o latelang oa libeteri tse sebetsang hantle haholo. “Lefapha la libeteri tsa ‘muso tse tiileng le kene mothating oa lebelo la lihlomo’ le bankakarolo ba bangata ba mebaraka, ho kenyeletsoa lik’hamphani tsa likoloi, lik’hamphani tsa betri ea motlakase, litsi tsa matsete le lipatlisiso tsa mahlale. Litsi le tse ling li bapala lipapali likarolong tse tharo tsa lichelete, theknoloji le talenta. Ha ba sa batle phetoho, ba tla be ba se papaling.”

Betri ea matla lefatšeng ka bophara

Ho futhumatsa le ho pholisa ha indasteri ea betri ea matla ha ho khonehe ho tloha indastering e ncha ea likoloi tsa matla, ‘me ka ho hlaphoheloa butle-butle ha mmaraka o mocha oa likoloi tsa motlakase, tlhōlisano indastering ea betri ea matla e ntse e mpefala le ho feta.

Ke habohlokoa ho bolela hore betri ea matla e tsejoa e le “pelo” ea likoloi tse ncha tsa matla, tse ikarabellang bakeng sa 30% ho 40% ea litšenyehelo tsa koloi. Ka lebaka lena, indasteri ea betri ea matla e kile ea nkoa e le sebaka sa katleho nakong e tlang ea indasteri ea likoloi. Leha ho le joalo, ka pholiso ea maano le ho khutla ha lihlahisoa tsa kantle ho naha, indasteri ea libeteri tsa motlakase le eona e tobane le mathata a tšoanang le a indasteri e ncha ea likoloi tsa motlakase.

Mehla ea Ningde e bile ea pele ea ho tobana le mathata a tebileng.

Ka la 13 Pherekhong, mokhatlo oa liphuputso tsa ‘maraka oa Korea Boroa SNResearch o phatlalalitse lintlha tse nepahetseng mabapi le’ maraka oa lefats’e oa betri ea matla ka 2020. Lintlha li bonts’a hore ka 2020, matla a kentsoeng lefatšeng ka bophara a libeteri tsa motlakase likoloing tsa motlakase a tla fihla ho 137GWh, keketseho ea selemo le selemo ea 17%, eo ho eona CATL e hapileng tlholisano bakeng sa selemo sa bone ka tatellano, mme matla a kentsoeng selemo le selemo a fihlile ho 34GWh, keketseho ea selemo le selemo ea 2%.

Bakeng sa lik’hamphani tsa betri ea matla, matla a kentsoeng a lekanya boemo ba bona ba mmaraka. Le hoja bokhoni bo kentsoeng ba CATL bo ntse bo boloka molemo, ho latela pono ea keketseho ea kholo ea khoebo ea lefats’e, bokhoni bo kentsoeng ba CATL bo tlase haholo ho feta sekhahla sa kholo ea lefats’e. Ha ho pelaelo hore lik’hamphani tsa betri tsa matla tsa Japane le tsa Korea tse emetsoeng ke LG Chem, Panasonic, le SKI li ntse li eketseha ka potlako.

Ho tloha ha leano le lecha la thuso ea likoloi tsa matla le ne le hlahisoa ka molao ka 2013, indasteri ea betri ea matla, e amanang haufi-ufi le indasteri e ncha ea likoloi tsa matla, e kile ea kenya tsoelo-pele e potlakileng.

Ka mor’a 2015, Lekala la Indasteri le Theknoloji ea Boitsebiso le ile la fana ka litokomane tsa leano tse kang “Maemo le Maemo a Indasteri ea Battery ea Likoloi” le “Power Battery Manufacturers Directory”. Lik’hamphani tsa betri tsa matla tsa Japane le tsa Korea Boroa li ile tsa “leka”, ‘me tsoelo-pele ea indasteri ea betri ea matla a malapeng e fihlile tlhōrōng ea eona.

Leha ho le joalo, ka Phuptjane 2019, ka maano a tiisitsoeng, menyako e phahameng, le liphetoho litseleng, palo e kholo ea lik’hamphani tsa betri ea matla li bile le nako ea ntoa mme qetellong ea nyamela. Ka 2020, palo ea lik’hamphani tsa betri ea motlakase ea malapeng e fokotsehile ho feta 20.

Ka nako e ts’oanang, lik’hamphani tsa betri tsa matla a lichelete tse tsoang linaheng tse ling li ‘nile tsa itokisetsa ho tsamaisa mafura’ marakeng oa Chaena. Ho tloha ka 2018, lik’hamphani tsa betri tsa matla tsa Japane le tsa Korea tse kang Samsung SDI, LG Chem, SKI, joalo-joalo li se li qalile ho potlakisa “counterattack” ea ‘maraka oa Chaena le ho atolosa matla a tlhahiso ea betri ea matla. Har’a tsona, lifeme tsa betri tsa matla tsa Samsung SDI le LG Chem li phethiloe mme li kentsoe tlhahiso. ‘Maraka oa betri ea motlakase oa lapeng o Hlahisa mokhoa oa “Ho bolaea mebuso e meraro” ea Chaena, Japane le Korea Boroa.

E mabifi ka ho fetisisa ke LG Chem. Ho tloha ha letoto la Model 3 le hlahisoang ke Tesla’s Shanghai Gigafactory le sebelisa libeteri tsa LG Chem, ha lea tsamaisa feela khōlo e potlakileng ea LG Chem, empa hape le thibetse nako ea Ningde. Karolong ea pele ea 2020, LG Chem, eo qalong e neng e le ea boraro, e ile ea feta mehla ea Ningde ka lekhetlo le le leng ‘me ea fetoha k’hamphani e kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng ea betri e nang le karolo ea mmaraka.

Ka nako e ts’oanang, BYD e ile ea boela ea qala ts’oaetso.

Ka Hlakubele 2020, BYD e ile ea lokolla libeteri tsa blade mme ea qala ho li fa lik’hamphani tsa likoloi tsa batho ba bang. Wang Chuanfu o itse, “Tlas’a leano le leholo la ho bula ka botlalo, karohano e ikemetseng ea BYD Battery e kentsoe lenaneong, mme ho lebelletsoe ho tsamaisa IPO ho pota 2022.”

Ha e le hantle, libeteri tsa blade li bua haholo ka ntlafatso ea tlhahiso ea betri le theknoloji ea ho sebetsa, ‘me ha ho na mekhoa e metle ea lisebelisoa le theknoloji. Hajoale, betri ea ternary lithium le lithium iron phosphate battery tse atisang ho sebelisoa likoloing tsa motlakase ke libeteri tsa lithium-ion, ‘me betri ea lithium e nang le matla a phahameng ka ho fetisisa a matla ke 260Wh/kg. Ka kakaretso indasteri e lumela hore matla a matla a betri ea lithium-ion a haufi le moeli. Ho thata ho feta 300Wh/kg.

Papali ea karete ea halofo ea bobeli e se e qalile

‘Nete e ke keng ea latoloa ke hore mang kapa mang ea ka phunyeletsang bothata ba theknoloji pele o tla khona ho nka monyetla ka halofo ea bobeli.

Ho tloha ka Pherekhong 2019, Lekala la Indasteri le Theknoloji ea Tlhahisoleseding le ile la lokolla “Leano le Lecha la Ntlafatso ea Indasteri ea Likoloi tsa Matla (2021-2035)”, le neng le kenyelletsa ho potlakisa R&D le indasteri ea theknoloji ea betri ea matla a mmuso e le “New Energy Vehicle Core Core”. Morero oa Patlisiso ea Theknoloji”. Khothaletsa betri ea boemo bo tiileng boemong ba maano a naha.

Lilemong tsa morao tjena, lik’hamphani tse kholo tsa makoloi lapeng le mose ho maoatle, joalo ka Toyota, Nissan Renault, GM, BAIC, le SAIC, li se li qalile ho matlafatsa R&D le nts’etsopele ea libeteri tsa mmuso o tiileng. Ka nako e ts’oanang, lik’hamphani tsa betri tse kang Tsingtao Energy, LG Chem, le Massachusetts Solid Energy Preparations bakeng sa kaho ea lifeme tse tiileng tsa betri le tsona li se li qalile, ho kenyelletsa le melapo ea tlhahiso ea betri ea boemo bo tiileng e seng e kentsoe tšebetsong.

Ha ho bapisoa le libeteri tse tloaelehileng tsa lithium, libeteri tsa boemo bo tiileng li na le melemo e mengata e kang matla a phahameng a matla, polokeho e ntle, le boholo bo fokolang, ‘me indasteri e nkoa e le tataiso ea nts’etsopele ea matla a matla.

Ho fapana le libeteri tsa lithium tse sebelisang electrolyte e le li-electrolyte, theknoloji ea betri ea boemo bo tiileng e sebelisa metsoako e tiileng ea khalase e entsoeng ka lithium le sodium e le lisebelisoa tse tsamaisang. Kaha thepa e tiileng ea conductive ha e na metsi, bothata ba lithium dendrites bo rarolloa ka tlhaho, ‘me diaphragm e bohareng le lisebelisoa tsa graphite anode ho netefatsa hore botsitso bo ka tlosoa, ho boloka sebaka se ngata. Ka tsela ena, karolo ea lisebelisoa tsa elektrode e ka eketsoa ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang sebakeng se lekanyelitsoeng sa betri, ka hona ho eketsa matla a matla. Ka khopolo, libeteri tsa boemo bo tiileng li ka fumana matla a matla a fetang 300Wh/kg. Lekhetlong lena Weilai o bolela hore libeteri tsa boemo bo tiileng tseo e li sebelisang li fihletse matla a phahameng a matla a 360Wh/kg.

Batho ba ka hare ho indasteri e boletsoeng ka holimo le bona ba lumela hore betri ena e tla ba mohato oa bohlokoa ho isa nakong e tlang ea motlakase. Matla a matla a betri ea boemo bo tiileng a lebelletsoe ho fihla makhetlo a mabeli ho isa ho a mararo a betri ea hona joale ea lithium-ion, ‘me e tla ba bobebe, bophelo bo bolelele le bo sireletsehileng ho feta libeteri tsa hajoale.

Tšireletseho esale e le moriti holim’a indasteri ea betri ea matla.

Ka 2020, naha ea heso e ile ea kenya ts’ebetsong kakaretso ea likoloi tse 199 tse hopolang likoloi, tse kenyeletsang likoloi tsa 6,682,300, tseo ho tsona ho ileng ha hopoloa likoloi tse ncha tse 31 tsa matla. Ha ho sebelisoa likoloi tse ncha tsa matla, betri ea motlakase e ka ba le likotsi tse ka bang teng tsa polokeho joalo ka ho baleha ha mocheso le ho cha ho iketsahallang feela. E ntse e le ts’ebetso ea ho sebelisoa ha likoloi tse ncha tsa motlakase. lebaka le ka sehloohong. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, tšobotsi e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea li-electrolyte tse tiileng ke hore ha li bonolo ho chesa, kahoo li ntlafatsa polokeho ea likoloi tse ncha tsa matla.

Toyota e kene lebaleng la libeteri tsa boemo bo tiileng esale pele. Ho tloha ka 2004, Toyota esale e nts’etsapele libeteri tsa maemo a tiileng ‘me e bokelletse theknoloji ea pele ea betri ea boemo bo tiileng. Ka Mots’eanong 2019, Toyota e ile ea bonts’a lisampole tsa betri ea eona e tiileng ea mmuso e maemong a tlhahiso ea liteko. Ho ea ka morero oa Toyota, e rera ho eketsa matla a matla a betri ea boemo bo tiileng ho feta habeli matla a matla a betri ea lithium e teng ka 2025, e lebelletsoeng ho fihla ho 450Wh / kg. Ka nako eo, likoloi tsa motlakase tse nang le libeteri tsa boemo bo tiileng li tla ba le keketseho e kholo ea sebaka sa maeto, se bapisoang le likoloi tsa hona joale tsa mafura.

Ka nako e ts’oanang, BAIC New Energy e boetse e phatlalalitse ho phetheloa ha ts’ebetso ea koloi ea pele e hloekileng ea mohlala ea motlakase e nang le sistimi e tiileng ea betri. Mathoasong a 2020, BAIC New Energy e phatlalalitse “Leano la 2029”, le kenyelletsang kaho ea sistimi e fapaneng ea matla e nang le sistimi ea “tharo-in-one” ea matla a betri ea lithium-ion, libeteri tsa boemo bo tiileng, le mafura. lisele.

Bakeng sa ntoa ena e mahlonoko e tlang, mehla ea Ningde le eona e entse moralo o lumellanang.

Ka Mots’eanong 2020, Zeng Yuqun, molulasetulo oa CATL, o senotse hore libeteri tsa ‘nete tse tiileng li hloka tšepe ea lithium joalo ka eleketrode e mpe ho eketsa matla a matla. CATL e ntse e tsoela pele ho tsetela lipatlisisong tsa morao-rao le sehlahisoa sa R&D ho libeteri tsa boemo bo tiileng le mahlale a mang.

Ho hlakile hore lebaleng la libeteri tsa matla, ntoa e matla e thehiloeng ho li-betri tsa boemo bo tiileng e qalile ka khutso, ‘me boetapele ba theknoloji bo thehiloeng holim’a libeteri tsa boemo bo tiileng bo tla fetoha sebaka sa metsi tšimong ea libeteri tsa matla.

Libetri tsa boemo bo tiileng li ntse li tobane le mahlaahlela

Ho latela lipalo tsa SNEResearchd, sebaka sa ‘maraka sa betri ea naha ea heso se lebelletsoe ho fihla ho li-yuan tse libilione tse 3 ka 2025 le li-yuan tse limilione tse likete tse 20 ka 2030.

Ho sa tsotellehe sebaka se seholo sa ‘maraka, ho na le mathata a mabeli a maholo a tobaneng le libeteri tsa boemo bo tiileng, theknoloji le litšenyehelo. Hajoale, ho na le litsamaiso tse tharo tsa mantlha tsa li-electrolyte tse tiileng ka libeteri tse tiileng lefatšeng, e leng polymer all-solid, oxide all-solid, le sulfide all-solid electrolyte. Betri ea boemo bo tiileng e boletsoeng ke Weilai ha e le hantle ke betri e tiileng, ke hore, electrolyte ea metsi le Ho kopanya li-electrolyte tse tiileng tsa oxide.

Ho latela pono ea menyetla ea tlhahiso e ngata, libeteri tsa boemo bo tiileng li ka rarolla mathata a hajoale a ts’ireletso ea libeteri tsa metsi. Leha ho le joalo, hobane conductivity ea lisebelisoa tse peli tsa pele ke bothata ba theory ho e-na le bothata ba ts’ebetso, e ntse e hloka chelete e itseng ea matsete a R & D ho e rarolla. Ho phaella moo, “likotsi tsa tlhahiso” tsa tsamaiso ea sulfide li ke ke tsa sebetsanoa ka katleho ka nakoana. ‘Me bothata ba litšenyehelo bo kholoanyane.

Tsela e lebisang ho ntlafatso ea liindasteri tsa libeteri tsa boemo bo tiileng e ntse e thijoa khafetsa. Haeba u hlile u batla ho natefeloa ke bonase ea matla a matla a betri ea boemo bo tiileng, u tlameha ho khutlisa sistimi ea lithium metal negative electrode ka matla a phahameng a matla. Sena se ka finyelloa ka polokeho ea libeteri tsa boemo bo tiileng, ‘me matla a betri a ka fihla Kaholimo ho 500Wh/kg. Empa bothata bona bo ntse bo le boholo haholo. Patlisiso le nts’etsopele ea libeteri tsa boemo bo tiileng li ntse li le mothating oa liteko tsa mahlale a laboratori, o seng hole haholo le nts’etsopele ea indasteri.

Mohlala o ka boleloang ke hore ka Hlakubele 2020, Nezha Motors e ile ea lokolla mofuta o mocha oa Nezha U o nang le libeteri tsa boemo bo tiileng. Ho ea ka Nezha Motors, Nezha U rerile ho tlaleha ho Lekala la Indasteri le Theknoloji ea Boitsebiso ka October selemong se fetileng. 500 lihlopha li hlahisoa. Leha ho le joalo, ho tloha joale, likoloi tse 500 tsa Nezha solid-state li ntse li le sieo.

Leha ho le joalo, le haeba libeteri tsa boemo bo tiileng li na le theknoloji e holileng, tlhahiso ea bongata e ntse e hloka ho rarolla tlholisano ea litšenyehelo ka libeteri tsa lithium tsa metsi. Li Bin o boetse a re bothata ba tlhahiso e kholo ea libeteri tsa boemo bo tiileng ke hore litšenyehelo li phahame haholo, ‘me bothata ba litšenyehelo ke khoebo ea theknoloji ea betri ea boemo bo tiileng. Bothata bo boholo.

Ha e le hantle, sebaka sa maeto le litšenyehelo tsa tšebeliso (litšenyehelo tsa koloi eohle le betri e ncha) e ntse e le likhokahano tse fokolang tsa likoloi tsa motlakase, ‘me katleho ea theknoloji leha e le efe e ncha e tlameha ho rarolla mathata ana a mabeli a maholo ka nako e le’ ngoe. Ho ea ka lipalo, kakaretso ea litšenyehelo tsa betri ea boemo bo tiileng e sebelisang electrode e fosahetseng ea graphite ke 158.8 $/kWh, e leng 34% e phahameng ho feta kakaretso ea litšenyehelo tsa betri ea metsi ea 118.7 $/kWh.

Ka kakaretso, libeteri tsa boemo bo tiileng li ntse li le boemong ba phetoho, ‘me mathata a tekheniki le litšenyehelo a hloka ho rarolloa ka potlako. Leha ho le joalo, bakeng sa indasteri ea betri ea matla, libeteri tsa boemo bo tiileng e ntse e le sebaka se phahameng karolong ea bobeli ea papali.

Phetoho e ncha ea theknoloji ea betri ea tla, ‘me ha ho motho ea batlang ho oela morao karolong ea bobeli ea ntoa.