Ukusukela ngo-1859, iibhetri ze-lead-acid zezona mveliso zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwicandelo lebhetri, njengeemoto, iinqwelomoya kunye neenqanawa. Kukho iibhetri ze-lead-asidi kwiinqwelomoya kunye nezixhobo zamandla ezigciniweyo, kwaye iibhetri ze-lead-asidi zamkelwa kakuhle kwezi ndawo. Kodwa kutheni kukho izikhalazo malunga nokusebenzisa iimveliso ezifanayo kwiibhayisikile zombane? Kuxelwa ngokubanzi ukuba ubude bobomi bufutshane kakhulu. Kutheni le nto? Emva koko, sihlalutya izizathu ezichaphazela ubomi beebhetri ze-lead-acid ezivela kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo;

1. Ukungaphumeleli kobomi okubangelwa ngumgaqo osebenzayo weebhetri ze-lead-acid;

Inkqubo yokutshaja kunye nokukhupha iibhetri ze-lead-asidi yinkqubo yokusabela kwe-electrochemical. Xa itshaja, ilothe sulfate ibumba i<em>lead oxide, yaye xa ikhutshwa, i<em>lead oxide iyancitshiswa ibe yi<em>sulfate yelothe. I-lead sulfate yinto ekulula kakhulu ukuyiqaqambisa. Xa uxinizelelo lwesulphate ekhokelayo kwi-electrolyte yebhetri iphezulu kakhulu okanye ixesha elingasebenziyo lide kakhulu, liya kudibana ukuze lenze amakristali amancinci. Ezi kristale zincinci zitsala iasidi yesulfuric ejikelezileyo. Ilothe ifana nebhola yekhephu, eyenza iikristale ezinkulu ezingasebenziyo. I-crystalline lead sulfate ayinakuphinda incitshiswe ibe yi-lead oxide xa ihlawuliswa, kodwa iya kudlula kwaye ibambelele kwipleyiti ye-electrode, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni kwendawo yokusebenza yepleyiti ye-electrode. Le nto ibizwa ngokuba yivulcanization. Kwakhona kuthiwa ukuguga. Ngeli xesha, umthamo webhetri uya kuhla kancinci de ube ungasebenziseki. Xa isixa esikhulu sesulfate yelothe siqokelelana, siya kutsala amasuntswana elothe ukuze enze amasebe elothe. Ukudibanisa phakathi kweepleyiti ezilungileyo kunye nezingalunganga kuya kubangela ukuba ibhetri ihambe ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba kukho izikhewu kumphezulu wepleyiti ye-electrode okanye kwibhokisi yeplastiki etywiniweyo, iikristale zesulfate zelead ziya kuqokelelana kwezi zikhewu, kwaye kuya kwenzeka uxinezeleko, oluya kuthi ekugqibeleni lubangele ukuba ipleyiti ye-electrode yaphuke okanye iqokobhe laphuke, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni ingabinakulungiswa. iziphumo. Ibhetri yonakele emzimbeni. Ngoko ke, indlela ebalulekileyo ekhokelela ekungaphumelelini kunye nokulimala kweebhetri ze-lead-acid yi-vulcanization engenakuthintelwa yibhetri ngokwayo.

2. Izizathu zendawo yokusebenza ekhethekileyo yeebhayisikili zombane

Logama nje ibhetri, iya kutshatyalaliswa ngexesha lokusetyenziswa, kodwa iibhetri ze-lead-asidi kwezinye iindawo zinobomi obude kuneebhayisikile zombane. Oku kungenxa yokuba ibhetri ye-lead-asidi yebhayisekile yombane inendawo yokusebenza ethanda ukuba vulcanization.

①Ukukhutshwa nzulu
Ibhetri esetyenziswe emotweni iphuma kwicala elinye kuphela ngexesha lokutshisa. Emva kokutshisa, ijenereyitha iya kutshaja ibhetri ngokuzenzekelayo ngaphandle kokubangela ukukhutshwa kwebhetri enzulu. Nangona kunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukubiza ibhayisekile yombane ngelixa ukhwele, kwaye kaninzi idlula i-60% yokukhutshwa okunzulu. Ngethuba lokukhutshwa okunzulu, ukuxinwa kwe-sulfate ye-lead kwandisa, kwaye i-vulcanization iya kuba yinto enzima kakhulu.

②Ukukhutshwa okuphezulu ngoku
Ukuhamba ngebhayisikili yebhayisikili yombane kwiikhilomitha ezingama-20 ngokuqhelekileyo i-4A, esele iphezulu kunexabiso layo. Ukusebenza kwebhetri kwezinye iindawo, kunye nokusebenza ngoku okugqithisileyo kunye nokugcwala kakhulu iibhayisikile zombane kukhulu ngakumbi. Abavelisi bebhetri baye baqhuba iimvavanyo zobomi bomjikelezo we-70% kwi-1C kunye ne-60% kwi-2C. Emva kovavanyo olunjalo lobomi, iibhetri ezininzi zinexesha lokuphila le-350 yentlawulo kunye nemijikelo yokukhupha, kodwa isiphumo sokwenyani sahluke kakhulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukusebenza okuphezulu kwangoku kuya kwandisa ubunzulu bokukhutshwa nge-50%, kwaye ibhetri iya kukhawulezisa i-vulcanization. Ngoko ke, ngenxa yokuba umzimba wesithuthuthu esinamavili amathathu unzima kakhulu kwaye ukusebenza ngoku kukhulu kune-6A, ubomi bebhetri yesithuthuthu sombane esinamavili amathathu bufutshane.

③Ukutshaja rhoqo kunye nokukhupha
Ibhetri esetyenzisiweyo kwicandelo lokugcina amandla iya kukhutshwa kuphela emva kokuba unqunyulwe umbane. Ukuba umbane unqunyulwe amaxesha ama-8 ngonyaka, uya kufikelela kwiminyaka eli-10 yobomi kwaye kufuneka uvuseleleke amaxesha angama-80. Ubomi bonke, kuqhelekile ukuba iibhetri zebhayisikile zombane zihlawule kwaye zikhuphe ngaphezu kwamaxesha angama-300 ngonyaka.

④Ukutshaja kwexesha elifutshane
Ekubeni iibhayisekile zombane ziyindlela yokuthutha, akukho xesha lininzi lokutshaja. Ukuze ugqibezele i-36V okanye i-48V 20A iyure yokutshaja kwiiyure ze-8, xa i-voltage yokutshaja idlula i-oxygen evolution voltage yeseli (2.35V), kuyimfuneko ukwandisa umbane wokutshaja (ngokuqhelekileyo i-2.7 ~ 2.9V yeseli) . Okanye xa umbane wokukhutshwa kwe-hydrogen (i-2.42 volts), ngenxa yokukhululwa kwe-oksijeni eninzi, ibhetri iya kuvula i-valve yokukhupha, eya kubangela ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi kunye nokwandisa ukuxinwa kwe-electrolyte, kunye nokwandisa i-vulcanization yebhetri. .

⑤Ayinakuhlawuliswa ngexesha emva kokukhutshwa
Njengendlela yokuthutha, ukutshaja kunye nokukhutshwa kweebhayisikili zombane zihlukaniswe ngokupheleleyo. Xa ihlawuliswa kwaye iyancipha i-lead oxide, iya kuba ne-sulfide kwaye yenze iikristale.

3. Izizathu zemveliso yebhetri
Ngokujonga ngokukodwa kweebhetri ze-lead-acid kwiibhayisekile zombane, abaninzi abavelisi beebhetri baye bamkela iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Eyona ndlela iqhelekileyo yile ilandelayo:

① Ukwandisa inani leebhodi.
Tshintsha uyilo lokuqala lwegridi enye yeebhloko ezi-5 kunye neebhloko ezi-6 kwiibhloko ezi-6 kunye neebhloko ezi-7, iibhloko ezisi-7 kunye neebhloko ezisi-8, okanye iibhloko ezisi-8 kunye neebhloko ezisi-9. Ngokunciphisa ubukhulu beeplate ze-electrode kunye ne-separators, kunye nokwandisa inani lamacwecwe e-electrode, umthamo webhetri unokunyuswa.

② Yandisa umlinganiselo we-asidi yesulfuric kwibhetri.
Umxhuzulane okhethekileyo we-sulfuric acid yebhetri edadayo yoqobo idla ngokuba phakathi kwe-1.21 kunye ne-1.28, ngelixa ubunzima obuthile be-sulfuric acid yebhetri yebhayisekile yombane idla ngokuba phakathi kwe-1.36 kunye ne-1.38, enokubonelela ngoku ngakumbi kwaye yandise yangoku yokuqala. umthamo webhetri.

③Ubungakanani kunye nomlinganiselo we-oksidi yelothe esanda kongezwa njengesixhobo esisebenzayo se-electrode.
Ukongezwa kwe-lead oxide kwandisa izinto ezintsha zokusabela kwe-electrochemical ezibandakanyekayo ekukhutshelweni, ezithi zinyuse ixesha lokukhutshwa kwaye zinyuse umthamo webhetri.