Amandla elanga abelokhu ebhekwa njengomthombo wamandla ohambisana nemvelo. Izindleko zamaphaneli elanga nezinjini zomoya zehle kakhulu kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, okubenza baqhubeke nokuncintisana ngokumelene namalahle negesi yemvelo. Kodwa ukuthuthukiswa nokuqondiswa kwamabhethri athwala ugesi kuzoba nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwalo msebenzi wobuchwepheshe.

Manje, into efanayo iyenzeka ngamabhethri, okuzokwenza izimoto zikagesi zishibhile futhi zivumele igridi ukuthi igcine amandla amaningi ukuze inikeze lapho kudingeka. Isidingo samabhethri embonini yezokuthutha silinganiselwa ukuthi sizokhula ngokuphindwe ka-40 ngo-2040, okubeka ingcindezi ekhulayo ochungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla eluhlaza. Ukukhula kwenani lezimoto zikagesi emhlabeni wonke kuzonyusa isidingo sikagesi. Ukuhlinzekwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa zamabhethri e-lithium kungase kube inkinga.

Ngokungafani nama-solar panel, ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli amasha kuphela ngeke kwanele ukuqinisekisa ukwehla kwentengo okuqhubekayo ngaphandle kwesenzo sokubhekana nokushoda kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezibalulekile. Amabhethri e-lithium aqukethe izinsimbi ezingavamile njenge-cobalt, inani layo eliphindwe kabili eminyakeni emibili edlule, okuphakamisa izindleko zokukhiqiza ibhethri.

Izindleko zamabhethri e-lithium-ion, zikalwa nge-kilowatt-hora kagesi okhiqizwayo, zehle ngamaphesenti angama-75 kule minyaka eyisishiyagalombili edlule. Kodwa ukukhuphuka kwamanani entengo kuzobeka ingcindezi ekhulayo ochungechungeni lokuhlinzeka ngezinto ezingavuthiwe. Ngenxa yalokho, abakhiqizi bezimoto baphendukele kumabhethri e-lithium, asebenzisa amaphesenti angama-75 ngaphansi kwe-cobalt kunobuchwepheshe bamanje.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi imboni yebhethri ayizami nje kuphela ukwandisa umthamo wokugcina amandla wamabhethri ngenani elifanayo lezinto zokusetshenziswa, izama nokushintshela ekutholakaleni okuningi kwezinsimbi.

Abatshalizimali bathululele imali ekuqaliseni okungathuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obusha bebhethri, futhi izinsiza ezifuna ukuthuthukisa izindawo zokugcina ugesi omile nazo zicubungula okuthiwa amabhethri agelezayo, asebenzisa izinto ezigaywa kabusha njenge-vanadium.

Ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 yentuthuko, ibhethri ye-vanadium flow isiphenduke ubuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe bokugcina amandla. Isiqondiso sayo sokufaka isicelo iziteshi zamandla zokugcina amandla ezisezingeni le-MWh zezitshalo ezintsha zamandla kanye namagridi kagesi. Amabhethri e-lithium abalulekile kumabhange kagesi, afana nezinkezo namafosholo uma kuqhathaniswa. azinakuthathelwa indawo enye kwenye. Izimbangi ezibalulekile zawo wonke amabhethri okugeleza kwe-vanadium ubuchwepheshe obukhulu bokugcina amandla njengokugcina amandla okusebenzisa amanzi, ukugcinwa kwamandla omoya acindezelweyo, namabhethri agelezayo kwamanye amasistimu.

Izinkampani ezisebenza ngogesi zizophendukela kumabhethri agelezayo, agcina amandla kagesi ezitsheni ezinkulu ezizibambayo ezigcwele uketshezi lwe-electrolyte, olubese luphonswa ebhethrini. Amabhethri anjalo angasebenzisa izinto zokusetshenziswa ezahlukahlukene, njenge-vanadium yensimbi esetshenziswa embonini yensimbi.

Inzuzo yamabhethri e-vanadium ukuthi awalahlekelwa ukushaja ngokushesha njengamabhethri e-lithium (inqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi ukubola kwe-charge). I-Vanadium nayo kulula ukuyigaya kabusha.

Uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri e-lithium, amabhethri okugeleza kwe-vanadium redox anezinzuzo ezintathu ezibalulekile:

Okokuqala, lula. Isistimu ingaba nkulu njengesiqandisi sakho noma ibe nkulu njengesiteshi esincane endaweni yangakini. Kunogesi owanele wokunika ikhaya lakho amandla usuku nosuku, ngakho ungakwazi ukuliklama ngendlela ofuna ngayo.

2. Impilo ende yenkonzo. Ungase udinge ikhulunyaka.

3. Ukuvikeleka okuhle. Akukho ukucindezela ebusweni bokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokukhokhiswa ngokweqile, okuyi-taboo yamabhethri e-lithium, futhi ngeke kube khona umlilo nokuqhuma nhlobo.

I-China ibusa ukukhiqizwa kwe-vanadium futhi ilandisa ingxenye yempahla yomhlaba wonke. Njengoba inani labakhiqizi bebhethri baseShayina likhula, kungenzeka ukuthi amabhethri amaningi azokhiqizwa e-China emashumini eminyaka ezayo. Ngokusho kweBenchmark Mineral Intelligence, ingxenye yokukhiqizwa kwamabhethri omhlaba ingaba sezweni lami ngo-2028.

Uma amabhethri e-vanadium esetshenziswa kabanzi kumadivayisi okugcina amaseli elanga, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa amandla avuselelekayo ukushaja amabhethri e-lithium ezimotweni zikagesi. Iphinde inikeze amandla ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ze-lithium ezinkulu zezinhlelo zebhethri zobuchwepheshe bezimoto nezobuchwepheshe.