Kunyangwe rondedzero yemotokari nyowani dzemagetsi muChina isingabatanidzi mota dzakawanda dzisiri-plug-in hybrid, hazvirambike kuti mota dzakasanganiswa idzi hadzidi kushandura maitiro emushandisi, asi dzinogona kuunza huwandu hwehupfumi hwemafuta uye mhando yekutyaira. , Kuwedzera kufarirwa nevashandisi.

Tichitaura nezvesimba rakasanganiswa, kunze kweHonda, anonoka, yakavimbika mumusika wepamba kuti Toyota ndiyo yekutanga kuunza tekinoroji iyi kuChina. Toyota iri kushandisa zviri pachena izvi. Muna Ndira 2019, kutengeswa kwechizvarwa chechisere Camry kwakasvika 19,720, iyo mahybrid mhando akaverengera 21%. Iyo yakachipa, compact modhi Leeling yakatengesa 26,681 mayunitsi muna Ndira, aine mota dzakasanganiswa dzinoita makumi maviri muzana ekutengesa.

Nekudaro, vatengi vazhinji vachiri nemibvunzo nezve mota dzakasanganiswa. Nei Toyota ichiita zveupofu pakushandiswa kwemabhatiri enickel-metal hydride apo mota zhinji dzesimba nyowani (seTesla, NIO, BYD, nezvimwewo) dziri kushandiswa? Mabhatiri eLithium akashandiswa mukushandiswa kwezvinhu zvedu zvezuva nezuva Nhasi, kushandiswa kwemabhatiri nickel-metal hydride hakuchashandi. Iyi ndiyo fekitari yekudzikisa mitengo yekugadzira? Kutaura zvazviri, kushandiswa kwemabhatiri e-nickel-metal hydride mumotokari dzakasanganiswa kune zvakanakira, kwete chete Toyota, asiwo mahybrids emhando dzakawanda dzakadai seFord uye General Motors. Mazhinji mota dzemagetsi dzinosarudza nickel-metal hydride mabhatiri senzvimbo yekuchengetera simba remagetsi.

Voltage yatinoshandisa zuva nezuva i1.2V, inova nickel-metal hydride bhatiri.

1.22. Zviuru zvemabhatiri, kuchengetedza kutanga

Ni-MH bhatiri yave sarudzo yekutanga yemotokari zhinji nekuda kwekuchengetedzwa kwayo kusingaenzaniswi uye kuvimbika. Kune rimwe divi, iyo electrolyte yenickel-metal hydride mabhatiri ndeye isingabatike aqueous mhinduro. Nekune rimwe divi, iyo chaiyo yekupisa simba uye kupisa kwekubuda kweiyo nickel-metal hydride bhatiri electrolyte yakakwira, nepo simba remagetsi rakaderera, izvo zvinoreva kuti kunyangwe kana iri pfupi-circuit, puncture uye zvimwe zvakanyanyisa abnormal. mamiriro, kukwira kwekushisa kwebhatiri hakuna kukwana kukonzera kupisa. Chekupedzisira, seyakakura bhatiri chigadzirwa, Ni-MH bhatiri ine yakaderera mhando yekudzora kuoma uye goho rakakura.

Kubva pakupera kwegore ra2014, zvinopfuura makumi manomwe neshanu muzana emotokari dzepasi rose dzepasi rose dzinoshandisa nickel-metal hydride mabhatiri, huwandu hwemotokari dzinopfuura mamirioni masere. Idzi mota dzehybrid dzakaita tsaona dzakakomba dzekuchengetedza mabhatiri panguva yekushandiswa kwadzo. Semumiriri wemotokari dzakasanganiswa dzekutengesa, Toyota Prius haina kurasikirwa kuri pachena kwehupenyu hwebhatiri nekuda kwekunaka kwayo kuchaja uye kuburitsa maitiro mushure memakore gumi ekushandiswa. Naizvozvo, mature nickel-metal hydride mabhatiri ndiwo anonyanya kukosha mabhatiri ekushandisa kwekutengesa.

Iyo bhatiri pack yePrius yakanga isina njodzi dzakakomba dzekuchengetedza. Bhatiri paki yakachajwa zvisiri pamutemo nevaongorori vekunze.

Kuchaja kwakadzika, hupenyu hurefu

Kechipiri, mabhatiri eNi-MH ane yakanaka yekukurumidza kuchaja uye yekuburitsa kuita. Semuenzaniso, simba rebhatiri remotokari yemhando yechisere yeCamry twin-engine ingori 6.5 kWh, iri pasi pehafu yekukwanisa kweplug-in hybrid mota pamusoro pe10 kWh. Mabhatiri eNi-MH anobatsira kupfuura mabhatiri eti lithium nekuti nzira yekushanda yehybrid system inoda kuti mabhatiri achajirwe nekukasira kuburitswa.

Kunyange zvazvo simba remagetsi eNi-MH mabhatiri ari 60-80% chete yeaya e lithium mabhatiri (100J / m lithium mabhatiri), mabhatiri eNi-MH ane zvishoma zvinodiwa zvekuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedzwa uye kutonga kwekushisa, uye zviri nyore kuwana mune zviduku zvakasanganiswa. motokari. Own chinzvimbo.

Pasi pesimba rinonzwisisika rekubuda kwemagetsi, iyo yakakosha sisitimu yemagetsi emagetsi mahybrid mota inogona chete kushandisa gumi muzana yehuwandu hwebhatiri panguva yekutyaira. Kunyangwe mumatambudziko akanyanya, huwandu hwepamusoro hwebhatiri hunogona kusvika 10%. Mune mamwe mazwi, inenge 40% yemagetsi haisati yamboshandiswa. Iri bhatiri manejimendi zano rinonzi shallow kuchaja, iyo inogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya hupenyu hwenickel-chromium mabhatiri, uye mhedzisiro yayo yekurangarira inovandudzwa zvakanyanya, nekupfuura zviuru gumi zvekuchaja-kuburitsa.

Consumer Reports yakaongorora vanopfuura 36,000 varidzi vePrius uye vakagumisa kuti mota yakavimbika uye yakachipa kwazvo kushandisa. Kuti izvi zviitike, Consumer Reports yakaita zvakafanana hupfumi hwemafuta paPrius ane makore gumi ane mileage yemakiromita 10 uye Prius ane makore gumi ane mileage ye330,000 makiromita. Uye bvunzo dzekuita. Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti mota dzekare uye nyowani dzakashandiswa kwemakore gumi uye dzakatyaira makiromita 10 dzakachengeta mwero wakafanana wekushandiswa kwemafuta uye kuita kwesimba, zvichiratidza kuti nickel-metal hydride bhatiri pack uye hybrid power system inogona kushanda zvakajairika. .

Kubva pakuzivikanwa kwemotokari nyowani dzemagetsi (yakachena magetsi uye plug-in hybrid) mumusika wepamba muna 2015, mota nyowani dzinoshandisa lithium mabhatiri dzine hupenyu hwakadzikira hwebhatiri mushure meimwe nhamba yemakore ekushandiswa, uye simba radzo rakaderedzwa zvakanyanya yakadzika tembiricha nharaunda munguva yechando, zvichikonzera vazhinji varidzi vemotokari Pane pachena kutsungirira kunetseka panguva yekushandiswa. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nehunhu hwemabhatiri e lithium. Nokudaro, mumakore 3-4 emotokari itsva dzemagetsi, chiyero chepamusoro chewaranti inongova 45% chete, kana ichienzaniswa nemotokari yakaderera yemafuta ine 60% chete (iyo zera remotokari), iyo yakaderera zvikuru.

3. Environmental ushamwari bhatiri kugadzira zvakatipoteredza ushamwari motokari

Kunyangwe iyo lithium bhatiri isina ndangariro mhedzisiro, iyo yekuchaja uye yekuburitsa kutenderera inowanzongoita ka600 nguva. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma epamusoro ikozvino kukurumidza kuchaja uye kuburitsa uye kuwandisa uye kuwandisa, hupenyu hwebhatiri hwakaderedzwa zvakanyanya. Mukuwedzera, nekuda kwekushandiswa kwemagetsi ekugadzirisa electrolyte, kushorwa kwebhatiri ye lithium kunowedzera nokukurumidza pakudzika kwakadzika, uye kushanda kwayo kunonyanya kuderedzwa pa 0 ° C, iyo isingakwanisi kuita zvinodiwa zvekushandiswa kwemaitiro pa -10 ° C. Kusiyana neizvi, nekuda kwekushandiswa kwealkaline electrolyte mhinduro, tembiricha yekushandisa yemabhatiri e nickel-metal hydride inogona kudzika kusvika -40 ° C. Naizvozvo, simba uye hupfumi hwemotokari dzakasanganiswa hazvichinji zvakanyanya munguva yechando.

Chekupedzisira, mabhatiri eNi-MH ane hushamwari hwakatipoteredza nekuti haana zvinhu zvine muchetura zvakanyanya. Izvo zvakakosha zvenickel-metal hydride mabhatiri ndeye nickel uye isingawanzo pasi pasi, ine yakakwirira yekudzoreredza kukosha (yakasara kukosha) uye kuderera kupora kuoma. Chaizvoizvo zvese zvinogona kudzokororwa uye kushandiswazve kuona kusimudzira kwakasimba kwezvinhu. Inozivikanwa sebhatiri rinochengetedza zvakatipoteredza.

Kune rimwe divi, mabhatiri e-lithium anonetsa kudzoreredza. Iko kemikari kuita kwerithium bhatiri pachayo kunoita kuti nzira yehunyanzvi yekudzokorodza kwayo kuve yakaoma. Bhatiri rinofanirwa kunge rakagadzirwa kare, kusanganisira kuburitsa, kupatsanura, kupwanya uye kuronga. Iyo yakaparadzaniswa yepurasitiki nesimbi casing inogona kudzokororwa, asi mutengo wakakwira: iyo yakasara voltage ichiri mazana emazana volts (isina kuisirwa) uye ine ngozi; iyo bhatiri casing yakachengeteka, iyo yekurongedza ndeye yega-disassembly, uye kuedza kukuru kwakavhurika; uyezve, iyo lithium bhatiri cathode Zvishandiso zvakasiyanawo, zvine kudiwa kwakanyanya kweasidhi uye alkaline mhinduro dzekupora. Ne tekinoroji yazvino, kudzokororwa kwemabhatiri e-lithium ibhizinesi rekurasikirwa.

Pamusoro pezvakanakira zviri pamusoro, mabhatiri eNi-MH anewo zvakanakira kugadzikana kwekuburitsa maitiro, akatsetseka ekuburitsa macurves, uye yakaderera calorific kukosha. Naizvozvo, pamberi pekubudirira kukuru muhunyanzvi hwemabhatiri, bhatiri iri rinenge rakaderera-simba reNi-MH richiri mudiwa wepamusoro wemota dzakasanganiswa dzisingadi simba rebhatiri repamusoro. Iyo PCB bhodhi iyo inobatanidza kutonga mamodule senge chiridzwa, air conditioning, odhiyo, uye smart mabhatani zvakare mhinduro yakabatanidzwa. Zvakakosha kuderedza uremu, kuchengetedza mari (kusanganisira kuderedza zvikamu, kuderedza maitiro egungano, kuderedza motokari dzemagetsi, nezvimwewo), uye kuderedza nzvimbo. Parizvino, mabasa echikamu chega chega chemotokari anowanikwa kuburikidza nemamodules avo akazvimirira, senge mabhatani akangwara, air conditioning, audio, instrument panel, radar, tyre pressure monitoring, etc. Aya mamodule akazvimirira kubva kune mumwe nemumwe uye anoziva zvawo. mabasa ako. Iko kubatanidzwa kweakaderera-voltage midziyo yemagetsi haingodzikisi zvakanyanya mutengo wemidziyo yemagetsi, asi zvakare inoderedza mutengo wekuongororwa kwechigadzirwa, kugadzira, kuyedza, kugadziridzwa, uye mushure mekutengesa, inokwidziridza iyo inotakura mota system, uye inobatsira kune isina kuremerwa. yemotokari yese. Iyo EEA yakasanganiswa ndiyo zvakare hwaro hwevagadziri vemotokari kugona kukwikwidza kwavo kwepakati.