Izithuthi zombane ziphendula imibuzo

Yintoni isithuthi sombane soluhlu olwandisiweyo?

Le moto yengqondo yasungulwa ngabakwaChevroletvolt. Inenjini encinci yemoto yangaphakathi yombane, kodwa i-injini ayinayo nayiphi na indlela yokudibanisa ngokuthe ngqo amavili, kwaye isebenzisa kuphela iibhetri ze-lithium ukuyinika amandla. Umbutho waseMelika weeNjineli zeeMoto (i-American Society of Automotive Engineers) iya kuthetha ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu izixhobo zokugcina amandla zodwa okanye kunye nokunikezelwa kwamandla.

Xa ibhetri ihlawuliswe ngokupheleleyo, injini ivala, kwaye ibhetri ye-lithium inika amandla enjini kwaye iqhube isithuthi. Xa ibhetri ye-lithium ifikelela kumda osetiweyo, injini ivelisa umbane ukunika amandla i-motor drive kunye nokuhlawulisa ibhetri ye-lithium.

Iimoto zombane ezicocekileyo kufuneka zixhotyiswe ngeeseli zebhetri ze-lithium ukufezekisa ubomi obude bebhetri. Imfumba yokutshaja okanye ibhokisi yodonga iyafuneka xa kutshaja. Ukuba ibhetri ikhutshwe kakhulu, inokunciphisa ubomi bayo benkonzo. Izithuthi zombane ezongezelelweyo zinokuthwala iibhetri ze-lithium ezimbalwa kunezithuthi zombane ezicocekileyo kwaye zinokugcina iibhetri ukuba zikhutshwe ngokunzulu.

Yintoni imoto yombane?

Imoto yombane yimoto eqhutywa ngumbane. I-BAIC E150, BYD E6 kunye neTesla zonke zizithuthi zombane ezicocekileyo. Ukuba izityalo zamandla zisebenzisa amandla avuselelekayo kunye nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ephantsi ukuvelisa umbane, okanye ukuba abathengi bakhetha ukuhlawula kumanqaku aphantsi kwigridi, banokuqhubeka nokunciphisa i-carbon footprint yezithuthi zombane.

Kwi-1834, u-American Thomas Davenport wakha imoto yokuqala yombane eqhutywa yi-DC motor, nangona yayingabonakali njengemoto. Ukusukela ngeminyaka yee-1990, iimpawu zokuncipha kwe-oyile kunye noxinzelelo longcoliseko lomoya luphinde lwajolisa ingqalelo yehlabathi kwizithuthi zombane. Impembelelo yakwaGM, i-Ecostar yakwaFord, kunye neRAV4LEV yakwaToyota ziphume emva kwenye.

Yintoni isikhululo sokutshaja?

Isikhululo sokutshaja sisikhululo samandla sokutshaja izithuthi zombane, ezifana nomsebenzi wesikhululo segesi, kwaye sijoliso kunye nentsika yophuhliso lwexesha elizayo lweshishini leemoto laseTshayina kunye neshishini lamandla ombane.

Yintoni i-plug-in hybrid imoto?

Iimodeli zeHybrid zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamacandelo amane: ukukhanya, okuphakathi, ubunzima kunye neplagi-in.

Isithuthi esinenkqubo ekrelekrele yokumisa sibizwa ngokuba sisithuthi esixutyiweyo esilula; ukuba i-braking energy ifunyenwe kwaye amandla aqhutywe, kuthiwa yi-medium hybrid vehicle.

Ukuba imoto inokuzimela ngokuzimeleyo yimoto yombane, isithuthi esinzima se-hybrid. Ukuba imoto inokuqhutywa yimoto enye yombane kwaye inokuhlawuliswa kumthombo wamandla angaphandle, yi-plug-in hybrid vehicle.

Yintoni ibhetri ye-lithium?

Ibhetri ye-lithium sisixhobo esisebenzisa i-ion ze-lithium ukuhamba phakathi kwe-electrode efanelekileyo kunye ne-electrode engalunganga. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba kangaphi ibhetri isetyenzisiweyo, umthamo webhetri ye-lithium uya kuncipha, ochazwe ngubushushu, obucacileyo ngakumbi kwii-electron zangoku.

Nangona iibhetri ezisetyenziselwa izithuthi zombane zidla ngokubizwa ngokuba ziibhetri ze-lithium, inkcazo engqongqo yeebhetri ze-lithium kukuba ziqulethe i-lithium ecocekileyo yesinyithi kwaye ayihlaziywa ngexesha elinye.

Yintoni imoto ye-hybrid?

Iinqwelo zeHybrid zisebenzisa imithombo yamandla emibini nangaphezulu. Ngokwemithombo eyahlukeneyo yamandla, izithuthi ezixubileyo zinokwahlulwa zibe yipetroli-yombane okanye idizili-yombane, i-fuel cell, i-hydraulic kunye ne-multi-fuel. Ukususela ngo-1899, uFerdinand Porsche wakha imoto yokuqala ye-hybrid.

Iimoto ezininzi ezixubileyo zisebenzisa iinjini zombane kunye neenjini zokutsha zangaphakathi ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. Kodwa abavelisi abahlukeneyo basebenzisa izicwangciso ezihluke ngokupheleleyo. Ezinye iimodeli zisebenzisa uncedo lweemoto zombane ngexesha lemithwalo ephezulu, egxile ekuboneleleni ngamalahle ekhephu. Ezinye iimodeli zijolise ekuqhubeni iphiko lehlosi xa umthwalo uphantsi.

Yintoni i-carbon fiber?

I-carbon fiber composite i-fiber composite yomelele, i-high-modulus, i-high-high-resistant fiber fiber. Ngamandla afanayo, i-carbon fiber i-50% ilula kunentsimbi kunye ne-30% ilula kune-aluminium. Iimathiriyeli zekhabhoni ezidityanisiweyo zefayibha zibiza imali eninzi ukwenziwa kwaye bezisetyenziswa ekwenzeni iinqwelomoya ezinkulu kunye neemoto zomdyarho. I-carbon fiber esetyenziselwa ukwenza umzimba wemoto yombane inceda ukunciphisa ubunzima obongezelelweyo bongezwa yibhetri.

I-Fuel cell yibhetri eguqula amandla ekhemikhali kumafutha abe ngamandla ombane ngokufaka i-oxidizing kunye nokuvula ioksijini okanye ezinye ii-oxidants. Ngokungafaniyo neebhetri eziphambili, iiseli zepetroli zifuna unikezelo oluzinzileyo lweoksijini kunye namafutha okuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwawo okuqhelekileyo. Iseli yamafutha e-Hydrogen ithathwa njengenkwenkwezi yangomso yamandla emoto.

Yintoni i-fuel cell?

I-Fuel cell yibhetri eguqula amandla ekhemikhali kwi-fuel ibe amandla ombane ngokufaka i-oxidizing kunye nokuvula i-oksijini okanye ezinye ii-oxidants. Ngokungafaniyo neebhetri eziphambili, iiseli zepetroli zifuna unikezelo oluzinzileyo lweoksijini kunye namafutha okuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwawo okuqhelekileyo. I-hydrogen fuel cell ithathwa njengeyona nkwenkwezi yekamva lamandla emoto.