Izimoto zikagesi ziphendula imibuzo

Iyini imoto kagesi yebanga elinwetshiwe?

Le moto yomqondo yethulwe ngabakwaChevroletvolt. Inenjini encane esebenza kugesi wangaphakathi wonke, kodwa injini ayinayo indlela yokuxhuma amasondo ngokuqondile, futhi isebenzisa kuphela amabhethri e-lithium ukuyinika amandla. I-American Society of Automotive Engineers (Inhlangano YaseMelika Yonjiniyela Bezimoto) izosho amadivaysi okugcina amandla amabili noma ngaphezulu iyodwa noma ngokuphakelwa kwamandla.

Lapho ibhethri selishajwe ngokugcwele, injini iyavala, futhi ibhethri ye-lithium inikeza amandla enjini futhi ishayela imoto. Lapho ibhethri ye-lithium ifinyelela embundwini osethiwe, injini ikhiqiza ugesi ukuze inike amandla injini yokushayela futhi ishaje ibhethri ye-lithium.

Izimoto zikagesi ezihlanzekile zidinga ukuhlonyiswa ngamaseli ebhethri e-lithium ukuze zithole impilo yebhethri ende. Kudingeka inqwaba yokushaja noma ibhokisi lodonga ukuze lishaje. Uma ibhethri liphele ngokweqile, lingase lifinyeze impilo yalo yesevisi. Izimoto zikagesi ezengeziwe zingaphatha amabhethri e-lithium ambalwa kunezimoto zikagesi ezimsulwa futhi zingagcina amabhethri angakhishwa ngokujulile.

Iyini imoto kagesi?

Imoto kagesi imoto eshayelwa ugesi. I-BAIC E150, BYD E6 kanye ne-Tesla zonke izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi. Uma izitshalo zikagesi zisebenzisa amandla avuselelekayo kanye nokukhishwa kwekhabhoni ephansi ukuze zikhiqize ugesi, noma uma amakhasimende ekhetha ukushaja ezindaweni eziphansi kugridi, angaqhubeka nokunciphisa i-carbon footprint yezimoto zikagesi.

Ngo-1834, u-American Thomas Davenport wakha imoto yokuqala kagesi eqhutshwa yi-DC motor, nakuba yayingabonakali njengemoto. Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1990, izimpawu zokuncipha kukawoyela kanye nengcindezi yokungcoliswa komoya sekuphinde kwagxilisa ukunaka kwezwe ezimotweni zikagesi. Impact yakwaGM, Ford Ecostar, RAV4LEV yakwaToyota ziphume zilandelana.

Siyini isiteshi sokushaja?

Isiteshi sokushaja siyisiteshi sikagesi sokushaja izimoto zikagesi, esifana nomsebenzi wegalaji likaphethiloli, futhi sigxilisa ingqondo nensika yentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo yemboni yezimoto yaseChina kanye nemboni yamandla kagesi.

Iyini imoto eyi-plug-in hybrid?

Amamodeli we-Hybrid angahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezine: ukukhanya, okuphakathi, esindayo kanye ne-plug-in.

Imoto enohlelo oluhlakaniphile lokumisa imoto ibizwa nge-light hybrid vehicle; uma amandla okubhuleka etholakala futhi amandla eqhutshwa, kubizwa ngokuthi imoto eyi-hybrid ephakathi.

Uma imoto ingashayelwa ngokuzimela yimoto kagesi, iyimoto eyi-heavy duty hybrid. Uma imoto ingashayelwa injini eyodwa kagesi futhi ingashajwa emthonjeni wamandla wangaphandle, iyimoto eyi-plug-in hybrid.

Liyini ibhethri ye-lithium?

Ibhethri ye-lithium iyisisetshenziswa esisebenzisa i-lithium ion ukuhamba phakathi kwe-electrode ephozithivu kanye ne-electrode eyinegethivu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ibhethri isetshenziswe kangaki, amandla ebhethri ye-lithium azokwehla, okunqunywa izinga lokushisa, elibonakala ngokucacile kuma-electron aphezulu.

Nakuba amabhethri asetshenziswa ezimotweni zikagesi ngokuvamile abizwa nje ngokuthi amabhethri e-lithium, incazelo eqinile yamabhethri e-lithium ukuthi aqukethe insimbi ehlanzekile ye-lithium futhi awaphinde ashajwe ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Iyini imoto ye-hybrid?

Izimoto ezihlanganisiwe zisebenzisa imithombo yamandla emibili noma ngaphezulu. Ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukene yamandla, izimoto ezihlanganisiwe zingahlukaniswa zibe yi-petroli-electric noma i-diesel-electric, i-fuel cell, i-hydraulic kanye ne-multi-fuel. Kusukela ngo-1899, uFerdinand Porsche wakha imoto yokuqala eyi-hybrid.

Izimoto eziningi eziyingxubevange zisebenzisa izinjini zikagesi nezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi ukuze zinciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Kodwa abakhiqizi abahlukene basebenzisa amasu ahluke ngokuphelele. Amanye amamodeli asebenzisa usizo lwemoto kagesi phakathi nemithwalo ephezulu, egxile ekunikezeni amalahle eqhweni. Amanye amamodeli agxila ekushayeleni uphiko lwengwe lapho umthwalo uphansi.

Iyini i-carbon fiber?

I-Carbon fiber composite impahla iwukuqina okuphezulu, i-high-modulus, i-high-temperature resistant fiber. Ngamandla afanayo, i-carbon fiber ilula ngo-50% kunensimbi futhi ilula ngo-30% kune-aluminium. Izinto ezihlanganisiwe ze-carbon fibre zibiza ukuzenzela futhi bezisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwezindiza ezinkulu nezimoto zomjaho esikhathini esidlule. I-carbon fiber esetshenziselwa ukwenza umzimba wemoto kagesi isiza ukunciphisa isisindo esengeziwe esingezwe yibhethri.

I-Fuel cell ibhethri eliguqula amandla amakhemikhali kuphethiloli abe amandla kagesi ngokwenza i-oxidizing futhi ivule umoya-mpilo noma amanye ama-oxidants. Ngokungafani namabhethri ayisisekelo, ama-fuel cell adinga ukunikezwa okuzinzile komoyampilo nophethiloli ukuze aqinisekise ukusebenza kwawo okuvamile. I-hydrogen fuel cell ithathwa njengenkanyezi yakusasa yamandla emoto.

Iyini i-fuel cell?

I-Fuel cell ibhethri eliguqula amandla ekhemikhali akuphethiloli abe amandla kagesi ngokwenza i-oxidizing futhi ivule umoya-mpilo noma amanye ama-oxidants. Ngokungafani namabhethri ayisisekelo, ama-fuel cell adinga ukunikezwa okuzinzile komoyampilo nophethiloli ukuze aqinisekise ukusebenza kwawo okuvamile. I-hydrogen fuel cell ithathwa njengenkanyezi yesikhathi esizayo yamandla emoto.