Ukukhiqizwa nokukhiqizwa kwebhethri ye-lithium ion kuyinqubo exhunywe eduze nesinyathelo esisodwa sezobuchwepheshe. Sekukonke, ukukhiqizwa kwebhethri ye-lithium kuhlanganisa inqubo yokukhiqiza i-electrode, inqubo yokuhlanganisa ibhethri kanye nomjovo wokugcina we-liquid, ukushajwa, ukwakheka kanye nenqubo yokuguga. Kulezi zigaba ezintathu zenqubo, inqubo ngayinye ingahlukaniswa ngezinqubo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile, isinyathelo ngasinye sizoba nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kokugcina kwebhethri.

Esigabeni senqubo, ingahlukaniswa ngezinqubo ezinhlanu: ukulungiswa kokunamathisela, ukunamathisela ukunamathisela, ukucindezela i-roller, ukusika nokomisa. Enqubweni yokuhlanganisa ibhethri, futhi ngokuya ngemininingwane ehlukene yebhethri namamodeli, cishe ihlukaniswe yaba ukujikajika, igobolondo, ukushisela nezinye izinqubo. Esigabeni sokugcina somjovo we-liquid, kufaka phakathi umjovo we-liquid, qeda, ukubeka uphawu, ukugcwalisa, ukwakheka, ukuguga nezinye izinqubo. Inqubo yokukhiqiza i-electrode iwumgogodla wokukhiqizwa kwebhethri ye-lithium, ehlobene nokusebenza kwebhethri ye-electrochemical, futhi ikhwalithi ye-slurry ibaluleke kakhulu.

Eyodwa, ithiyori eyisisekelo ye-slurry

I-lithium ion yebhethri ye-electrode slurry iwuhlobo loketshezi, ngokuvamile lungahlukaniswa lube uketshezi lwe-Newtonian nolwe-non-Newtonian fluid. Phakathi kwazo, uketshezi olungeyona i-Newtonian lungahlukaniswa lube uketshezi lwepulasitiki lwe-dilatancy, uketshezi oluncike ngesikhathi olungeyona i-Newtonian, uketshezi lwe-pseudoplastic kanye noketshezi lwepulasitiki lwe-binham. I-Newtonian fluid iwuketshezi oluncane lwe-viscosity okulula ukulushintsha ngaphansi kwengcindezi futhi ukucindezeleka kwe-shear kuhambisana nezinga lokuguga. Uketshezi lapho ukucindezelwa kwe-shear kunoma iyiphi indawo kuwumsebenzi womugqa wezinga lokuguqulwa kwe-shear. Uketshezi oluningi endalweni luyi-Newtonian fluids. Uketshezi oluningi olumsulwa olunjengamanzi notshwala, uwoyela omncane, izixazululo ezihlanganisiwe zamangqamuzana aphansi kanye namagesi agelezayo anesivinini esiphansi uketshezi lwe-Newton.

Uketshezi olungeyona i-newtonian lubhekisela oketshezini olunganelisi umthetho wokuhlola we-Newton we-viscosity, okungukuthi, ubudlelwano phakathi kwengcindezi ye-shear nezinga le-shear strain abunamugqa. Uketshezi olungezona i-newtonian lutholakala kakhulu empilweni, ekukhiqizeni nasemvelweni. Izixazululo ezigxilisiwe zama-polymers kanye nokumiswa kwama-polymers ngokuvamile uketshezi okungezona olwase-Newtonian. Uketshezi oluningi lwebhayoloji manje seluchazwa ngokuthi uketshezi olungezona olwaseNewtonian. Uketshezi olungezona i-newtonian luhlanganisa igazi, i-lymph, noketshezi lwe-cystic, kanye “nama-semi-fluids” njenge-cytoplasm.

I-Electrode slurry yakhiwe ngezinto ezihlukahlukene zokusetshenziswa ezinamandla adonsela phansi ahlukene kanye nosayizi wezinhlayiyana, futhi ixutshwa futhi ihlakazwe esigabeni esiqinile-soketshezi. I-slurry eyakhiwe uketshezi olungeyona i-Newtonian. Ibhethri ye-lithium slurry ingahlukaniswa ibe udaka oluhle kanye ne-negative slurry izinhlobo ezimbili, ngenxa yesistimu ye-slurry (amafutha, amanzi) ehlukene, imvelo yayo izohluka. Kodwa-ke, imingcele elandelayo ingasetshenziswa ukunquma izakhiwo ze-slurry:

1. I-viscosity ye-slurry

I-Viscosity isilinganiso se-viscosity yoketshezi kanye nokubonakaliswa kwamandla oketshezi endaweni yawo yangaphakathi yokungqubuzana. Lapho uketshezi lugeleza, lukhiqiza ukungqubuzana kwangaphakathi phakathi kwama-molecule alo, okubizwa ngokuthi i-viscosity of liquid. I-viscosity iboniswa yi-viscosity, esetshenziselwa ukuveza isici sokumelana esihlobene nezakhiwo ze-liquid. I-viscosity ihlukaniswe yaba yi-viscosity enamandla kanye ne-viscosity enemibandela.

I-Viscosity ichazwa ngokuthi i-A pair of parallel plates, indawo A, Dr Apart, egcwele uketshezi u-A. Manje sebenzisa i-thrust F epuleti elingaphezulu ukuze ukhiqize ushintsho lwesivinini i-DU. Ngenxa yokuthi i-viscosity yoketshezi idlulisela lesi sendlalelo samandla ngongqimba, ungqimba ngalunye loketshezi nalo luhamba ngokufanele, lwakha i-velocity gradient du/ Dr, ebizwa nge-shear rate, emelwe ngu-R ‘. I-F/A ibizwa ngokuthi i-shear stress, evezwa ngokuthi τ. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwesilinganiso sokugunda kanye nengcindezi yokugunda bumi kanje:

(F/A) = eta (du/Dr)

Uketshezi lwe-Newtonian luhambisana nefomula ka-Newton, i-viscosity ihlobene kuphela nezinga lokushisa, hhayi izinga lokugunda, u-τ ulingana no-D.

Uketshezi okungezona i-newtonian aluhambisani nefomula ka-Newton τ/D=f(D). I-viscosity ku-τ/D enikeziwe ithi ηa, ebizwa ngokuthi i-viscosity ebonakalayo. I-viscosity yoketshezi okungezona olwase-Newtonian ayincikile kuphela ezingeni lokushisa, kodwa futhi nasezingeni lokugunda, isikhathi, nokuncishiswa kwe-shear noma ukujiya kwe-shear.

2. Slurry properties

I-Slurry iwuketshezi olungeyona i-Newtonian, ingxube ewuketshezi oluqinile. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zenqubo yokumboza elandelayo, udaka ludinga ukuba nezici ezintathu ezilandelayo:

① Imali enhle. Uketshezi kungabonwa ngokunyakazisa udaka nokuyivumela ukuthi igeleze ngokwemvelo. Ukuqhubeka okuhle, ukucisha nokucisha okuqhubekayo kusho imali enhle. I-Fluidity ihlobene nokuqukethwe okuqinile kanye ne-viscosity ye-slurry,

(2) ukulinganisa. Ubushelelezi be-slurry buthinta i-flatness kanye nokulingana kokugqoka.

③ I-Rheology. I-Rheology ibhekisela ezicini zokuwohloka kokugeleza kodaka, futhi izakhiwo zayo zithinta ikhwalithi yeshidi lesigxobo.

3. Isisekelo sokuhlakazeka kwe-slurry

Lithium ion battery electrode manufacturing, cathode paste by adhesive, conductive agent, cathode material composition; The negative paste is composed of adhesive, graphite powder and so on. The preparation of positive and negative slurry includes a series of technological processes, such as mixing, dissolving and dispersing between liquid and liquid, liquid and solid materials, and is accompanied by changes in temperature, viscosity and environment in this process. The mixing and dispersion process of lithium ion battery slurry can be divided into macro mixing process and micro dispersion process, which are always accompanied by the whole process of lithium ion battery slurry preparation. The preparation of slurry generally goes through the following stages:

① Ukuxuba impushana eyomile. Izinhlayiya zithintana ngendlela yamachashazi, amachashazi, izindiza, nemigqa,

② Isiteji sokuxova udaka olomile. Kulesi sigaba, ngemva kokuba i-powder eyomile ixubene ngokulinganayo, i-binder liquid noma i-solvent yengezwa, futhi impahla eluhlaza imanzi futhi inodaka. Ngemva kokunyakaziswa okunamandla komxube, izinto ezisetshenziswayo zingaphansi kwe-shear kanye nokungqubuzana kwamandla omshini, futhi kuzoba nokungqubuzana kwangaphakathi phakathi kwezinhlayiya. Ngaphansi kwamandla ngamunye, izinhlayiya zempahla eluhlaza zivame ukuhlakazeka kakhulu. Lesi sigaba sinomphumela obaluleke kakhulu ngobukhulu kanye ne-viscosity ye-slurry eqediwe.

③ Dilution kanye nokuhlakazwa kwesiteji. Ngemva kokuxova, i-solvent yengezwa kancane ukuze kulungiswe i-slurry viscosity nokuqukethwe okuqinile. Kulesi sigaba, ukuhlakazeka kanye ne-agglomeration kuhlangene, futhi ekugcineni kufinyelele ukuzinza. Kulesi sigaba, ukuhlakazwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kuthinteka kakhulu amandla emishini, ukumelana nokungqubuzana phakathi kwempushana noketshezi, amandla okusheya okuhlakazeka ngesivinini esikhulu, kanye nokusebenzisana komthelela phakathi kodaka nodonga lwesitsha.

Isithombe

Ukuhlaziywa kwamapharamitha athinta izakhiwo ze-slurry

Kuyinkomba ebalulekile yokuqinisekisa ukuvumelana kwebhethri ohlelweni lokukhiqizwa kwebhethri ukuthi i-slurry kufanele ibe nokuzinza okuhle. Ekupheleni kwe-slurry ehlanganisiwe, izitobhi zokuxuba, i-slurry izovela ukuhlala, i-flocculation nezinye izenzakalo, okuholela ezinhlayiyeni ezinkulu, ezizoba nomthelela omkhulu ekuhlanganiseni okulandelayo nezinye izinqubo. Imingcele eyinhloko yokuzinza kwe-slurry yi-fluidity, i-viscosity, okuqukethwe okuqinile kanye nokuminyana.

1. I-viscosity ye-slurry

I-viscosity ezinzile futhi efanele yokunamathisela i-electrode ibaluleke kakhulu kwinqubo yokugqoka yeshidi le-electrode. I-viscosity iphezulu kakhulu noma iphansi kakhulu ayihambisani ne-polar piece enamathela, i-slurry ene-viscosity ephezulu akulula ukukhuphuka futhi ukuhlakazeka kuyoba ngcono, kodwa i-viscosity ephezulu ayihambisani nomphumela wokulinganisa, ayihambisani nokugqoka; I-viscosity ephansi kakhulu ayilungile, i-viscosity iphansi, nakuba ukugeleza kwe-slurry kuhle, kodwa kunzima ukoma, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokumiswa kwe-coating, ukuqhekeka kwe-coating, i-slurry particle agglomeration, ukungaguquguquki kwe-surface akulungile.

Inkinga evame ukwenzeka enqubweni yethu yokukhiqiza ukushintsha kwe-viscosity, futhi “ushintsho” lapha lungahlukaniswa lube ushintsho olusheshayo kanye noshintsho olumile. Ushintsho oludlulayo lusho ushintsho olukhulu enqubweni yokuhlola i-viscosity, futhi ukuguqulwa okumile kubhekisela ekushintsheni kwe-viscosity ngemva kwesikhathi esithile. I-viscosity iyahlukahluka kusuka phezulu kuya phansi, kusukela phezulu kuya phansi. Ngokuvamile, izici eziyinhloko ezithinta i-slurry viscosity yijubane lokuxuba udaka, ukulawula isikhathi, i-oda lezithako, izinga lokushisa kwemvelo kanye nomswakama, njll. Kunezici eziningi, lapho sihlangabezana noshintsho lwe-viscosity kufanele kube indlela yokuhlaziya nokuxazulula? I-viscosity ye-slurry inqunywa ngokuyisisekelo yi-binder. Cabanga ukuthi ngaphandle kwesibophezelo se-PVDF/CMC/SBR (FIG. 2, 3), noma uma isibophezelo singayihlanganisi kahle indaba ephilayo, ingabe into ephilayo eqinile kanye ne-ejenti eqhubayo izokwakha uketshezi olungeyona i-Newtonian olunombala ofanayo? Ungakwenzi! Ngakho-ke, ukuhlaziya nokuxazulula isizathu sokushintsha kwe-viscosity e-slurry, kufanele siqale kumvelo ye-binder kanye ne-slurry dispersion degree.

Isithombe

I-FIG. 2. Isakhiwo samangqamuzana e-PVDF

Isithombe

Figure 3. Molecular formula of CMC

(1) i-viscosity iyanda

Amasistimu we-slurry ahlukene anemithetho ehlukene yokushintsha i-viscosity. Njengamanje, uhlelo olujwayelekile lwe-slurry luyisistimu enamafutha e-PVDF/NMP, kanti udaka olunegethivu luyisistimu yamanzi e-graphite/CMC/SBR.

① I-viscosity ye-positive slurry iyanda ngemva kwesikhathi esithile. Isizathu esisodwa (ukubeka isikhathi esifushane) ukuthi isivinini sokuxuba i-slurry sishesha kakhulu, i-binder ayiqediwe ngokugcwele, futhi i-PVDF powder ichitheka ngokugcwele ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, futhi i-viscosity iyanda. Ngokuvamile, i-PVDF idinga okungenani amahora angu-3 ukuze ichithe ngokugcwele, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isivinini esishukumisayo asikwazi ukushintsha lesi sici esithonya, okuthiwa “ukusheshisa kwenza imfucuza”. Isizathu sesibili (isikhathi eside) ukuthi inqubo yokuma kwe-slurry, i-colloid iyashintsha isuka esimweni se-sol kuya esimweni se-gel. Ngalesi sikhathi, uma i-homogenized ngesivinini esincane, i-viscosity yayo ingabuyiselwa. Isizathu sesithathu ukuthi isakhiwo esikhethekile sakhiwe phakathi kwe-colloid nezinto eziphilayo kanye nezinhlayiya ze-agent conductive. Lesi simo asikwazi ukuhlehliswa, futhi i-viscosity ye-slurry ayikwazi ukubuyiselwa ngemva kokwanda.

I-viscosity ye-slurry engalungile iyanda. I-viscosity ye-slurry engalungile ibangelwa ikakhulukazi ukubhujiswa kwesakhiwo se-molecular of the binder, futhi i-viscosity ye-slurry iyanda ngemva kwe-oxidation ye-molecular chain fracture. Uma impahla ihlakazeke ngokweqile, ubukhulu bezinhlayiyana buzoncishiswa kakhulu, futhi i-viscosity ye-slurry nayo izokwandiswa.

(2) i-viscosity iyancipha

① I-viscosity ye-positive slurry iyancipha. Esinye sezizathu, izinguquko ze-adhesive colloid kumlingiswa. Kunezizathu eziningi zoshintsho, njengamandla okugunda okuqinile ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa kwe-slurry, ukuguqulwa kwekhwalithi yokumuncwa kwamanzi nge-binder, ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo kanye nokuwohloka kwayo ekuxubeni. Isizathu sesibili ukuthi ukuguquguquka okungalingani kanye nokuhlakazeka kuholela endaweni enkulu yokuhlala yezinto eziqinile ku-slurry. Isizathu sesithathu siwukuthi lapho kuguquguquka, i-adhesive ingaphansi kwamandla aqinile we-shear kanye nokungqubuzana kwemishini nezinto eziphilayo, kanye nezinguquko zezakhiwo ekushiseni okuphezulu, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwe-viscosity.

I-viscosity ye-slurry engalungile iyancipha. Esinye sezizathu ukuthi kukhona ukungcola okuxutshwe ku-CMC. Ukungcola okuningi ku-CMC kuyinhlaka ye-polymer engancibiliki. Uma i-CMC ixubana ne-calcium ne-magnesium, i-viscosity yayo izoncipha. Isizathu sesibili i-sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose, ikakhulukazi inhlanganisela ye-C/O. Amandla esibopho abuthakathaka kakhulu futhi abhujiswa kalula ngamandla okugunda. Uma isivinini esinyakazayo sishesha kakhulu noma isikhathi sokunyakazisa siside kakhulu, ukwakheka kwe-CMC kungacekelwa phansi. I-CMC idlala indima yokuqina kanye nokuzinzisa odongeni olubi, futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlakazweni kwezinto ezingavuthiwe. Uma isakhiwo sawo sesicekeleke phansi, nakanjani sizobangela ukuxazululeka kwe-slurry kanye nokunciphisa i-viscosity. Isizathu sesithathu ukucekelwa phansi kwe-SBR binder. Emkhiqizweni wangempela, i-CMC ne-SBR ngokuvamile zikhethwa ukuze zisebenze ndawonye, ​​futhi izindima zazo zihlukile. I-SBR ikakhulukazi idlala indima yokuhlanganisa, kodwa ithambekele ekukhishweni kwe-demulsification ngaphansi kokunyakaziswa kwesikhathi eside, okuholela ekuhlulekeni kwebhondi kanye nokuncipha kwe-viscosity ye-slurry.

(3) Izimo ezikhethekile (izimo ezimise okwejeli zifike ngesikhathi eziphakeme neziphansi)

Enkambweni yokulungiselela unamathisele omuhle, ukunamathisela kwesinye isikhathi kuphenduka ijeli. Kunezizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko zalokhu: okokuqala, amanzi. Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi ukumuncwa komswakama wezinto eziphilayo kanye nokulawulwa komswakama enqubweni yokuxuba akukuhle, ukumuncwa komswakama wezinto ezingavuthiwe noma umswakama wendawo yokuxuba kuphezulu, okuholela ekumunceni kwamanzi yi-PVDF kujeli. Okwesibili, inani le-pH le-slurry noma impahla. Lapho inani le-pH liphakeme liwukuthi, ukulawula umswakama kuqine kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto eziphezulu ze-nickel njenge-NCA ne-NCM811.

The viscosity of slurry fluctuates, one of the reasons may be that the slurry is not completely stabilized in the testing process, and the viscosity of slurry is greatly affected by temperature. Especially after being dispersed at high speed, there is a certain temperature gradient in the internal temperature of the slurry, and the viscosity of different samples is not the same. The second reason is poor dispersion of slurry, live material, binder, conductive agent is not good dispersion, slurry is not good fluidity, natural slurry viscosity is high or low.

2. Ubukhulu be-slurry

Ngemuva kokuthi i-slurry ihlanganisiwe, kuyadingeka ukukala usayizi wezinhlayiyana zayo, futhi indlela yokulinganisa usayizi wezinhlayiyana ngokuvamile iyindlela ye-scraper. Usayizi wezinhlayiya uyipharamitha ebalulekile yokubonisa ikhwalithi ye-slurry. Usayizi wezinhlayiya unethonya elibalulekile kunqubo yokumboza, inqubo yokugingqa nokusebenza kwebhethri. Ngokwethiyori, usayizi omncane we-slurry ungcono. Lapho ubukhulu bezinhlayiyana bukhulu kakhulu, ukuzinza kwe-slurry kuzothinteka, ukuchithwa kwe-sedimentation, ukuhambisana kwe-slurry kubi. Enqubweni yokumboza i-extrusion, kuzoba nezinto ezivimbayo, ezomile ngemuva komgodi, okuholela ezinkingeni zekhwalithi yesigxobo. Enqubweni elandelayo yokugoqa, ngenxa yokucindezeleka okungalingani endaweni yokugqoka embi, kulula ukubangela ukuphuka kwezigxobo kanye nama-micro-cracks wendawo, okuzodala umonakalo omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwebhayisikili, ukusebenza kwesilinganiso nokusebenza kokuphepha kwebhethri.

Izinto ezisebenzayo nezingezinhle, izinto ezinamathelayo, ama-conductive agents nezinye izinto eziyinhloko zinezinhlayiyana ezinobukhulu obuhlukene kanye nokuminyana. Enqubweni yokunyakazisa, kuzoba nokuxuba, i-extrusion, i-friction, i-agglomeration nezinye izindlela zokuxhumana ezihlukene. Ezigabeni zezinto zokusetshenziswa zixutshwa kancane kancane, zimanziswe yi-solvent, ukuphuka kwempahla enkulu futhi kancane kancane kujwayele ukuzinza, kuyoba nokuxubana kwezinto ezingalingani, ukuchithwa kwe-adhesive okungalungile, ukuhlanganisa okungathi sína kwezinhlayiya ezinhle, izinguquko zezakhiwo zokunamathisela nezinye izimo. kuholela ekukhiqizeni izinhlayiya ezinkulu.

Once we understand what causes the particles to appear, we need to address these problems with appropriate drugs. As for the dry powder mixing of materials, I personally think that the mixer speed has little influence on the degree of dry powder mixing, but they need enough time to ensure the uniformity of dry powder mixing. Now some manufacturers choose powdery adhesive and some choose liquid solution good adhesive, two different adhesives determine the different process, the use of powdery adhesive needs a longer time to dissolve, otherwise in the late will appear swelling, rebound, viscosity change, etc. The agglomeration between fine particles is inevitable, but we should ensure that there is enough friction between materials to enable the agglomeration particles to appear extrusion, crushing, conducive to mixing. This requires us to control the solid content in different stages of slurry, too low solid content will affect the friction dispersion between particles.

3. Okuqukethwe okuqinile kwe-slurry

Okuqukethwe okuqinile kwe-slurry kuhlobene eduze nokuzinza kwe-slurry, inqubo efanayo kanye nefomula, ukuphakama kokuqukethwe okuqinile kwe-slurry, i-viscosity enkulu, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho. Kububanzi obuthile, ukuphakama kwe-viscosity, kuyanda ukuzinza kwe-slurry. Lapho siklama ibhethri, ngokuvamile sinquma ukushuba kwe-core-core ukusuka kumthamo webhethri kuya ekwakhiweni kweshidi le-electrode, ngakho-ke ukwakheka kweshidi le-electrode kuhlotshaniswa kuphela nokuminyana kwendawo, ukuminyana kwento ephilayo, ukujiya. kanye neminye imingcele. Imingcele yeshidi le-electrode ilungiswa nge-coater ne-roller press, futhi okuqukethwe okuqinile kwe-slurry akunawo umthelela oqondile kuwo. Ngakho-ke, ingabe izinga lokuqukethwe okuqinile kwe-slurry linendaba encane?

(1) Okuqukethwe okuqinile kunethonya elithile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kokunyakazisa kanye nempumelelo yokumboza. Ukuphakama kokuqukethwe okuqinile, isikhathi esishukumisayo siba mfishane, ukusetshenziswa kwe-solvent kuyancipha, kukhuphuka ukusebenza kahle kokumisa okokunamathela, ukonga isikhathi.

(2) Okuqukethwe okuqinile kunezidingo ezithile zemishini. I-slurry enokuqukethwe okuphezulu okuqinile inokulahlekelwa okuphezulu emishinini, ngoba ukuphakama kokuqukethwe okuqinile, kukhulu kakhulu ukugqokwa kwempahla.

(3) I-slurry enokuqukethwe okuqinile okuphezulu izinzile. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kokuzinza kodaka oluthile (njengoba kukhonjisiwe esithombeni esingezansi) ibonisa ukuthi i-TSI(instability index) ye-1.05 ekunyakazeni okuvamile iphakeme kunaleyo ka-0.75 kwinqubo yokushukumisa i-high-viscosity, ngakho-ke ukuzinza kwe-slurry okutholwe yi-high-viscosity. inqubo enyakazayo ingcono kunaleyo etholwe ngenqubo evamile yokunyakazisa. Kodwa i-slurry enokuqukethwe okuqinile okuphezulu izophinde ithinte uketshezi kwayo, okuyinselele kakhulu kumishini kanye nochwepheshe benqubo yokumboza.

Isithombe

(4) I-slurry enokuqukethwe okuqinile okuphezulu inganciphisa ukushuba phakathi kwama-coatings futhi inciphise ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwebhethri.

4. Ukuminyana kwe-Pulp

Ukuminyana kosayizi kuyipharamitha ebalulekile ukukhombisa ukuvumelana kosayizi. Umthelela wokuhlakazeka wosayizi ungaqinisekiswa ngokuhlola ukuminyana kosayizi ezindaweni ezihlukene. Kulokhu ngeke kuphindwe, ngokusebenzisa isifinyezo esingenhla, ngikholelwa ukuthi silungiselela ukunamathisela okuhle kwe-electrode.