Batariyada gobolka-adag ee ku salaysan Sulfur ayaa la filayaa inay beddelaan baytariyada lithium-ion ee hadda jira sababtoo ah waxqabadkooda badbaadada oo sarreeya. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in habka diyaarinta ee dhammaan-adag-state batari slurry, waxaa jira polarities aan ku habboonayn ka mid ah dareeraha, binder iyo sulphide electrolyte, sidaas darteed ma jirto hab lagu gaaro wax soo saarka ballaaran hadda. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, cilmi baarista ku saabsan dhammaan baytariyada-adag inta badan waxaa lagu fuliyaa miisaanka shaybaarka, iyo mugga baytarigu waa mid yar. Wax soo saarka baaxadda weyn ee dhammaan baytariyada adag ayaa wali ku wajahan habka wax soo saarka ee jira, taas oo ah, walaxda firfircoon ayaa loo diyaariyaa slurry ka dibna la daboolay oo la qalajiyey, taas oo yeelan karta qiimo hoose iyo waxtar sare leh.

mid ka mid

Dhibaatooyin soo foodsaaray

Sidaa darteed, way adag tahay in la helo binder polymer ku habboon iyo dareere si ay u taageeraan xalalka dareeraha ah. Inta badan electrolytes-ka adag ee baaruudku ku salaysan waxaa lagu milmi karaa dareerayaasha polar, sida NMP-da aan hadda isticmaalno. Markaa doorashada dareeraha waxay noqon kartaa oo kaliya eexasho aan ahayn cirifka ama polarity daciif ah ee dareeraha, taas oo macnaheedu yahay in doorashada binder ay sidoo kale u dhiganto cidhiidhi – inta badan kooxaha shaqada polar ee polymer lama isticmaali karo!

Tani maaha dhibka ugu xun. Marka la eego polarity, xidhayaasha in ay yihiin kuwo la jaan qaadi kara dareerayaasha iyo sulfide electrolytes waxay u horseedi doonaan hoos u dhigista isku-dhafka u dhexeeya isku-darka iyo walxaha firfircoon iyo electrolytes, taas oo shaki la’aan u horseedi doonta cillad koronto oo aad u daran iyo awoodda awoodda degdegga ah, taas oo aad u xun.

Si loo buuxiyo shuruudaha kor ku xusan, saddexda walxood ee ugu muhiimsan (binder, solvents, electrolyte) ayaa la dooran karaa, kaliya kuwa aan polar-ka ahayn ama kuwa daciifka ah, sida para- (P) xylene, toluene, n-hexane, anisole, iwm. ., iyadoo la isticmaalayo binder polar polar daciif ah, Sida rubber butadiene (BR), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), SEBS, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), caag nitrile (NBR), caag silicone iyo ethyl cellulose, si loo buuxiyo waxqabadka loo baahan yahay. .

laba

In situ polar – nidaamka beddelka aan dabaylaha ahayn

Warqadan, nooc cusub oo binder ah ayaa lagu soo bandhigay, kaas oo bedeli kara polarity electrode inta lagu guda jiro mashiinada iyada oo la adeegsanayo kiimiko ka-hortagga ilaalinta. Kooxaha shaqada polar-ka ee xirahaan waxaa ilaaliya kooxo aan ahayn polar tert-butyl functional, hubinta in binder-ku uu la jaan qaadi karo sulfide electrolyte (kiiskan LPSCl) inta lagu jiro diyaarinta koollada korantada. Markaas iyada oo loo marayo daaweynta kulaylka, kuwaas oo habka qalajinta ee electrode ah, kooxda functional tert-butyl ee binder polymer noqon kartaa kala qaybsan kulaylka, si loo gaaro ujeedada ilaalinta, iyo ugu dambeyntii hel binder polar ah. Fiiri sawirka A.

Sawirka

BR (caagga butadiene) ayaa loo doortay sidii binder polymer for sulfide all-state batari iyadoo la is barbardhigay sifada makaanikada iyo korantada ee korantada. Marka lagu daro kor u qaadida sifooyinka farsamada iyo korantada kiimikada ee dhammaan baytariyada adag ee gobolka, cilmi-baaristani waxay furaysaa hab cusub oo loogu talagalay naqshadaynta polymer-ka, kaas oo ah ilaalinta-ilaalinta-qaabka kiimikaad si loo ilaaliyo electrodes-ka ku habboon iyo xaaladda la rabo heerarka kala duwan ee wax soo saarka electrode.

Ka dib, polytert-butylacrylate (TBA) iyo kobolymerkeeda block, polytert-butylacrylate – b-poly 1, 4-butadiene (TBA-B-BR), kuwaas oo kooxahooda shaqo ee karboksilic acid ay ilaaliyaan kooxda T-butyl heerkulbeeg ah, ayaa lagu doortay tijaabada. Dhab ahaantii, TBA waa horudhaca PAA, kaas oo sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo baytariyada lithium ion hadda, laakiin looma isticmaali karo sulfide ku salaysan dhammaan baytariyada lithium adag sababtoo ah isku-dheellitirnaantiisa polarity. Polarity xooggan ee PAA waxay si xoog leh uga falcelin kartaa electrolytes sulfide, laakiin kooxda difaaca ee karboksylic acid functional of T-butyl, polarity ee PAA waa la dhimi karaa, taas oo u oggolaanaysa inay ku milaan dareerayaasha polar-ka ee daciifka ah. Daaweynta kulaylka ka dib, kooxda ester-ka t-butyl waa la gooyaa si ay u sii daayaan isobutene, taasoo keentay in la sameeyo karboxilic acid, sida ku cad Jaantuska B. Alaabooyinka labada polymer-ka-soo-baxa waxaa matalaya (la’aan) TBA iyo (la’aan) TBA- B-BR

Sawirka

Ugu dambeyntii, paA-like binder wuxuu si fiican ugu xiri karaa NCM, halka habka oo dhan uu ka dhacayo goobta. Waxaa la fahamsan yahay in tani ay tahay markii ugu horeysay ee nidaamka beddelka polarity ee goobta lagu isticmaalo baytari adag oo gobolka oo dhan ah.

Dhanka heerkulka daawaynta kulaylka, wax khasaare ah oo cad lama arag 120 ℃, halka tirada u dhiganta ee kooxda butyl ay luntay 15h ka dib 160 ℃. Tani waxay muujinaysaa in uu jiro heerkul go’an oo butyl laga saari karo (wax soo saarka dhabta ah, heerkulkani waa mid aad u dheer, haddii uu jiro heerkul ku habboon ama xaalad si loo hagaajiyo waxtarka wax soo saarka waxay u baahan tahay cilmi-baaris iyo falanqayn dheeraad ah). Natiijooyinka Ft-ir ee walxaha ka hor iyo ka dib ilaalinta ayaa sidoo kale muujisay in korantada adag aysan faragelin habka ilaalinta. Filimka koollada ayaa lagu sameeyay koollada ka hor iyo ka dib markii la gooyey, natiijaduna waxay muujisay in koollada ka dib marka la gooyo ay leedahay dhejis xooggan oo leh dareeraha ururiyaha. Si loo tijaabiyo iswaafajinta binder iyo electrolyte ka hor iyo ka dib ilaalinta, falanqaynta XRD iyo Raman ayaa la sameeyay, natiijadiina waxay muujisay in LPSCl electrolyte adag ay si fiican ula soconayso xiraha la tijaabiyay.

Marka xigta, samee baytariga dhammaan-adag oo arag sida uu u shaqeeyo. Isticmaalka NCM711 74.5%/ LPSCL21.5% / SP2%/ binder 2%, xoogga xayuubinta ee xaashida tiirka ayaa tusinaysa in xoogga xariiftu ay tahay tan ugu weyn marka la isticmaalo binder tBA-B-BR (sida ku cad sawirka 1). Dhanka kale, wakhtiga ka-saarista ayaa sidoo kale saameyn ku leh xoogga xajinta. Xaashiyaha korantada ee TBA-da ee la ilaaliyay way jaban tahay oo way fududahay in la dillaaco, markaa TBA-B-BR oo leh dabacsanaan wanaagsan iyo xoogga diirka sare ayaa loo doortaa sida xidhaha ugu weyn si loo tijaabiyo waxqabadka batteriga.

Jaantuska 1. Diir xoog leh oo leh qalabyo kala duwan

Xireeyaha laftiisu waa dahaarka ionic. Si loo barto saamaynta ku-darka binder-ka ee ku-soo-saarka ionic, laba kooxood oo tijaabo ah ayaa la sameeyay, hal koox oo ka kooban 97.5% electrolyte + 2.5% binder iyo kooxda kale oo aan ku jirin wax-xidhaha. Waxaa la ogaaday in conductivity ionic oo aan lahayn xidhe waa 4.8 × 10-3 SCM-1, iyo conductivity la binder sidoo kale ahaa 10-3 amarka of magnitude. Deganaansho kiimikaad kiimikaad ee TBA-B-BR waxaa lagu caddeeyey tijaabada CV.

saddex

Batari badhkiis iyo waxqabadka baytari buuxa

Tijaabooyin badan oo isbarbardhigga ah ayaa muujinaya in xiraha la xannibay uu leeyahay adhesion ka wanaagsan oo aan wax saameyn ah ku yeelan socdaalka ion lithium. Isticmaalka binder kala duwan sameeyey unugga kala badh si ay u tijaabiso guryaha electrochemical, kala duwan oo tijaabo ah unug siday u kala horreeyaan by qaso binder wanaagsan, ma xidhe ee electrolyte adag iyo Li – In electrode ee tijaabo factor hal, aan lagu qasin binder In electrolyte adag, si loo caddeeyo in saamaynta kala duwan ee ku xidhidhiyaha anode. Natiijooyinka waxqabadkeeda korantada ayaa lagu muujiyay sawirka hoose:

Sawirka

Sawirka kore: a. waa waxqabadka wareegga unugyada nuska ah ee xirayaasha kala duwan marka cufnaanta dusha togan ay tahay 8mg/cm2, iyo B waa waxqabadka wareegga unugyada nuska ee xirayaasha kala duwan marka cufnaanta dusha togan ay tahay 16mg/cm2. Waxaa laga arki karaa natiijooyinka kor ku xusan in (la ilaaliyo) TBA-B-BR ay si aad ah uga fiican tahay waxqabadka wareegga batteriga marka loo eego kuwa kale, jaantuska wareegga waxaa la barbar dhigaa jaantuska xoogga diirka, taas oo muujinaysa in sifooyinka farsamada ee tiirarka ay ciyaaraan doorka muhiimka ah ee waxqabadka wareegga wareegga.

Sawirka

Jaantuska bidix waxa uu tusinayaa EIS ee NCM711/Li-IN unugga nuska ka hor wareegga, iyo shaxanka saxda ahi waxa uu tusinayaa EIS ee unugga badhkii oo aan lahayn wareegga 0.1c muddo 50 toddobaad ah. EIS ee unugga kala badh iyadoo la adeegsanayo (la ilaaliyo) TBA-B-BR iyo BR siday u kala horreeyaan. Waxa lagu soo gunaanadi karaa jaantuska EIS sida soo socota:

1. Iyadoo aan loo eegin inta wareegyada, lakabka elektrolytka RSE ee batari kasta wuxuu ku wareegsan yahay 10 ω cm2, taas oo ka dhigan iska caabbinta mugga dabiiciga ah ee LPSCl 2. Xakamaynta wareejinta kharashka (RCT) ayaa kordhay inta lagu jiro wareegga, laakiin KORDHA RCT ee isticmaalaya Isku-xidhaha BR aad ayuu uga sarreeyaa taas iyadoo la isticmaalayo tBA-B-BR binder. Waxaa la arki karaa in isku-xidhka ka dhexeeya walxaha firfircoon ee isticmaalaya BR binder ma ahayn mid aad u xooggan, oo waxaa jiray dabacsanaan wareegga.

Sawirka

SEM waxaa loo isticmaalay in lagu eego isgoysyada jeexjeexyada tiirarka ee gobollo kala duwan, natiijadiina waxaa lagu muujiyay sawirka kore: a. Tba-b-br ka hor wareegga (ka ilaalinta); B. ka hor wareegga BR; C. TBA-B-BR 25 usbuuc ka dib (ka ilaalinta); D. 25 usbuuc kadib BR;

Wareegga ka hor dhammaan electrodes waxaa lagu arki karaa xiriir dhow oo ka dhexeeya qaybaha firfircoon, kaliya waxay arki karaan godadka yar yar, laakiin ka dib wareegga 25, waxay arki kartaa isbeddelka muuqda, oo loo isticmaalo c (ka-qaadista) asxaabta – b – waxqabadka togan ee qaybaha ugu badan ee BR ama dildilaac la’aan, iyo isticmaalka dhaqdhaqaaqa electrode ee qaybaha binder BR waxaa jira dildilaacyo badan oo dhexda ah, Sida ku cad aagga jaalaha ah ee D, marka lagu daro, qaybaha electrolyte iyo NCM ayaa si aad ah u kala soocaya, kuwaas oo ah sababaha muhiimka ah ee batteriga. hoos u dhigista waxqabadka.

Sawirka

Ugu dambeyntii, waxqabadka batteriga oo dhan waa la xaqiijiyay. Qalabka elektiroonigga ah ee NCM711 / garaafka elektrodegga taban wuxuu gaari karaa 153mAh/g wareegga koowaad wuxuuna ilaalin karaa 85.5% 45 wareegyada kadib.

afar

Soo koobid kooban

Gebogebadii, dhammaan baytariyada lithium-goboleed adag, xiriir adag oo ka dhexeeya walxaha firfircoon, sifooyinka farsamada sare iyo xasilloonida interface ayaa ah kuwa ugu muhiimsan si loo helo waxqabadka sare ee korantada.