Izimoto zikagesi ezijwayelekile zisebenzisa amabhethri omthofu njengomthombo wamandla, okuhola imboni yezimoto zikagesi amashumi eminyaka. Nokho, ngenxa yesikhathi sabo sokuphila esifushane (imijikelezo engu-200-300), ubukhulu obukhulu, nokuminyana komthamo omncane, amabhethri omthofu acishe ashiywa enkathini yemithombo yamandla emikhulu. Amabhethri e-lithium adumile phakathi kwabantu abasembonini yamandla entsha ngosayizi wabo omncane, isisindo esilula, impilo ende, kanye nokuminyana kwamandla okuphezulu. Zikalwe njengezithwala amandla ezidume kakhulu.

isithombe
Ibhethri ye-lithium igama elijwayelekile. Uma ihlukaniswa phakathi, imvamisa ihlukaniswa ngokuya ngesimo somzimba, uhlelo lwezinto ezibonakalayo, kanye nenkundla yesicelo.

Ngokwesimo somzimba, amabhethri e-lithium ahlukaniswe abe izinhlobo ezintathu: i-cylindrical, i-soft-packed, nesikwele;

Ngokusho kwesistimu yezinto ezibonakalayo, amabhethri e-lithium ahlukaniswe abe: ternary (nickel / cobalt / manganese, NCM), i-lithium iron phosphate (LFP), i-lithium manganate, i-lithium cobalt oxide, i-lithium titanate, i-lithium eyinhlanganisela eminingi, njll;

Amabhethri e-lithium ahlukaniswe abe uhlobo lwamandla, uhlobo lwamandla kanye nohlobo lwamandla ngokusho kwensimu yesicelo;

Impilo yesevisi nokuphepha kwamabhethri e-lithium kuyahlukahluka kakhulu ngezinhlelo zezinto ezibonakalayo, futhi cishe kulandelwa imithetho elandelayo.

Impilo yesevisi: i-lithium titanate>i-lithium iron phosphate>i-lithium eyinhlanganisela eminingi>i-ternary lithium>i-lithium manganate>i-lead acid

Ukuphepha: I-lead acid>I-Lithium titanate>I-Lithium iron phosphate>I-Lithium manganate>I-lithium eyinhlanganisela eminingi>I-Ternary lithium

Embonini enamasondo amabili, amabhethri e-lead-acid ngokuvamile adinga ukushintshwa ngemva konyaka owodwa kuya kwemibili esetshenziswa, futhi iwaranti iwukuthi angashintshwa mahhala phakathi nezinyanga eziyisithupha. Iwaranti yebhethri ye-lithium ivamise ukuba yiminyaka emi-2 kuye kwemi-3, akuvamile ukuba ibe yiminyaka emi-5. Okudidayo ukuthi umenzi webhethri ye-lithium uthembisa ukuthi impilo yomjikelezo wayo ayikho ngaphansi kwezikhathi ze-2000, futhi ukusebenza kufinyelela izikhathi ezingu-4000, kodwa ngokuyisisekelo ngeke ibe newaranti yeminyaka engu-5. Uma isetshenziswe kanye ngosuku, izikhathi ezingu-2000 zingasetshenziswa iminyaka engu-5.47, ngisho nangemva kwemijikelezo ye-2000, ibhethri ye-lithium ayilimazi ngokushesha, kusazoba khona cishe u-70% womthamo osele. Ngokomthetho oshintshwayo wokuthi amandla okubola kwe-lead-acid afika ku-50%, impilo yomjikelezo webhethri ye-lithium okungenani izikhathi ezingama-2500, impilo yesevisi yinde iminyaka eyi-7, futhi impilo isondele izikhathi eziyishumi -acid, kodwa ubonile ukuthi mangaki amabhethri e-lithium angasetshenziswa iminyaka engu-7 ngamunye? Kunenani elincane kuphela lemikhiqizo engalimala ngemva kweminyaka emi-3 yokusetshenziswa. Kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwethiyori neqiniso. Siyini isizathu? Yikuphi ukuguquguquka okubangele igebe elikhulu kangaka?

Umhleli olandelayo uzokuthatha ekuhlaziyeni okujulile.

Okokuqala nje, inani lemijikelezo elinikezwe umenzi lisekelwe ekuhlolweni kweleveli yeseli eyodwa. Impilo yeseli ayikwazi ukulingana ngqo nempilo yesistimu yephakethe lebhethri. Umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili ngokuyinhloko umi kanje.

1. Ingqamuzana elilodwa linendawo enkulu yokukhipha ukushisa kanye nokukhipha ukushisa okuhle. Ngemva kokwakhiwa kwesistimu ye-Pack, iseli eliphakathi ngeke likwazi ukuqeda ukushisa kahle, okuzobola ngokushesha kakhulu. Impilo yesistimu yephakethe yebhethri incike kuseli elincipha ngokushesha kakhulu. Kungabonakala ukuthi ukuphathwa kahle kokushisa kanye nomklamo wokulinganisa okushisayo kubaluleke kakhulu!

2. Impilo yomjikelezo weseli yebhethri ethenjiswe abakhiqizi bebhethri ye-lithium isekelwe kudatha yokuhlola ezingeni lokushisa elithile kanye neshaji elikhethekile kanye nezinga lokukhipha, njengokushaja okungu-0.2C/0.3C ukukhishwa ekushiseni okuvamile okungu-25°C. Ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela, izinga lokushisa lingaba phezulu lifike ku-45°C futhi libe ngaphansi ku–20°C.

Yikhokhise kanye ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphezulu noma eziphansi, impilo izoncishiswa izikhathi ezi-2 kuya kwezi-5. Indlela yokulawula ukushaja nokukhipha izinga lokushisa ezindaweni zokushisa eziphakeme neziphansi kuyisihluthulelo. Impilo yamabhethri e-lithium izoncishiswa kakhulu uma kusetshenziswa amashaja amanje aphezulu noma izimoto ezinezilawuli zamandla aphezulu.

3. Impilo yesevisi yesistimu yephakethe yebhethri ayincikile kuphela ekusebenzeni kweseli yebhethri, kodwa futhi ihlobene eduze nokusebenza kwezinye izingxenye. Okufana ne-software yebhodi lokuvikela le-BMS kanye ne-hardware, umklamo wobuqotho bemojuli, ukumelana nokudlidliza kwebhokisi, ukuvala uphawu okungenamanzi, ukuphila kwepulaki yesixhumi nokunye.

Okwesibili, kunegebe lentengo elikhulu phakathi kwamabhethri e-lithium namabhethri e-lead-acid. Iningi lamabhethri e-lithium asetshenziswa ezimotweni ezinamasondo amabili amabhethri angakwazi ukuhlolelwa amandla afana nezimoto nokugcina amandla. Ezinye zize zihlakazwe. Uthathe umhlalaphansi ku-echelon. Lolu hlobo lwebhethri ye-lithium ngokwemvelo lunokukhubazeka okuthile noma selisetshenziswe isikhathi esithile, futhi ubude bempilo abunakuqinisekiswa.

Okokugcina, ngisho noma kuyibhethri esezingeni lomhlaba, ungase ungakwazi ukwenza isistimu yokupakisha ibhethri esezingeni lomhlaba. Ikhwalithi enhle, amabhethri asebenza kahle ayisimo esidingekayo sesistimu yebhethri yekhwalithi ephezulu. Ukusebenzisa amabhethri amahle ukwenza isistimu yephakethe yebhethri enhle, ziningi izixhumanisi nezinto okufanele zicatshangelwe.

Ukuhlaziywa okungenhla kukhombisa ukuthi ikhwalithi yamabhethri e-lithium emakethe ayinqunywa ngokuphelele iseli yebhethri, kodwa ngokwakhiwa kwesistimu yephakethe lebhethri, isoftware ye-BMS ne-hardware isu, isakhiwo semojula yebhokisi, imininingwane yeshaja, amandla okulawula imoto, kanye nezinga lokushisa lesifunda. . Umphumela wokuhlanganiswa kwezinye izici.