Tare da amfani da batura lithium, aikin baturi yana ci gaba da lalacewa, galibi kamar lalata ƙarfin aiki, haɓaka juriya na ciki, raguwar wutar lantarki, da sauransu. Canjin juriya na cikin baturi yana shafar yanayi daban-daban na amfani kamar zafin jiki da zurfin fitarwa. Sabili da haka, abubuwan da ke shafar juriya na ciki na baturi an kwatanta su cikin tsarin ƙirar baturi, aikin albarkatun kasa, tsarin masana’antu da yanayin amfani.

Juriya shine juriyar da baturin lithium ke karɓa lokacin da halin yanzu ke gudana cikin baturin lokacin da yake aiki. Gabaɗaya, juriya na ciki na batirin lithium ya kasu zuwa juriya na ciki na ohmic da juriya na ciki. Juriya na ciki na ohmic ya ƙunshi kayan lantarki, electrolyte, juriya na diaphragm da juriya na kowane bangare. Juriya na ciki yana nufin juriya da ke haifar da polarization yayin amsawar electrochemical, gami da juriya na ciki na electrochemical da juriya na ciki. Juriya na ciki na ohmic na baturi an ƙaddara ta jimlar watsin baturin, kuma juriyar juriya na ciki na baturi an ƙaddara shi ta ƙaƙƙarfan ƙayyadaddun lokaci na yaduwa na lithium ions a cikin kayan aiki na lantarki.

Ohm juriya

Mafi yawan juriya na ohmic ya kasu kashi uku, daya shine ionic impedance, ɗayan kuma impedance na lantarki, na uku kuma shine lamba impedance. Muna fatan cewa juriya na ciki na baturin lithium ya kasance kadan kamar yadda zai yiwu, don haka muna buƙatar ɗaukar takamaiman matakai don rage juriya na ciki na ohmic na waɗannan abubuwa uku.

Ion impedance

Juriya ion baturi na lithium yana nufin juriyar watsa ions lithium a cikin baturin. A cikin baturi na lithium, gudun hijirar lithium ion da kuma saurin tafiyar da lantarki suna taka muhimmiyar rawa daidai, kuma juriya na ion ya fi tasiri ta hanyar ingantattun kayan lantarki da mara kyau, mai rarrabawa, da kuma electrolyte. Don rage ion impedance, kuna buƙatar yin haka:

Tabbatar cewa abubuwa masu kyau da mara kyau da kuma electrolyte suna da kyau wettability

Wajibi ne don zaɓar ƙaƙƙarfan ƙima mai dacewa lokacin zayyana yanki na sandar sanda. Idan ma’auni mai yawa ya yi girma, electrolyte ba shi da sauƙi don kutsawa, wanda zai kara ƙarfin juriya na ion. Don yanki mara kyau, idan fim ɗin SEI da aka kafa akan saman kayan aiki a lokacin cajin farko da fitarwa ya yi kauri sosai, zai kuma ƙara juriya na ion. A wannan lokacin, wajibi ne a daidaita tsarin samar da baturin don warware shi.

Tasirin electrolyte

Dole ne electrolyte ya kasance yana da madaidaicin maida hankali, danko da haɓakawa. Lokacin da danko na electrolyte ya yi yawa, ba shi da tasiri ga shiga tsakanin electrolyte da kayan aiki na masu amfani da na’urori masu mahimmanci. Haka kuma, electrolyte shima yana buqatar }arancin natsuwa, yawan maida hankali ma ba ya da amfani ga yawo da shigarsa. Gudanar da wutar lantarki shine mafi mahimmancin abin da ke shafar juriya na ion, wanda ke ƙayyade ƙaura na ions.

Tasirin diaphragm akan juriya na ion

Babban abubuwan da ke tasiri na diaphragm akan juriya na ion sune: rarrabawar electrolyte a cikin diaphragm, yanki na diaphragm, kauri, girman pore, porosity, da haɗin kai. Don diaphragms na yumbura, yana da mahimmanci don hana ƙwayoyin yumbura daga toshe ramukan diaphragm, wanda ba shi da amfani ga hanyar ions. Yayin da ake tabbatar da cewa electrolyte ya cika kutsawa cikin diaphragm, bai kamata a sami wani wuce gona da iri da ya rage a cikinsa ba, wanda ke rage ingancin wutar lantarki.

Rashin ƙarfi na lantarki

Akwai abubuwa da yawa masu tasiri na rashin ƙarfi na lantarki, waɗanda za a iya inganta su daga sassa kamar kayan aiki da matakai.

Faranti mai kyau da mara kyau

Babban abubuwan da ke shafar tasirin lantarki na faranti masu kyau da mara kyau sune: hulɗar tsakanin kayan aiki da mai tarawa na yanzu, abubuwan da ke cikin kayan aiki da kansu, da kuma sigogi na farantin. Abubuwan da ke aiki ya kamata su kasance cikin cikakkiyar hulɗa tare da farfajiyar mai tarawa na yanzu, wanda za’a iya la’akari da shi daga mai karɓar jan ƙarfe na yanzu, kayan tushe na aluminum, da kuma mannewa na maɗauran lantarki mai kyau da mara kyau. Lalacewar abin da ke da rai da kansa, samfuran da ke kan saman ɓangarorin, da cakuduwar da ba ta dace ba tare da wakili na gudanarwa, da sauransu, zai haifar da canjin wutar lantarki. Matsakaicin faranti na Polar kamar yawan abubuwan rayuwa sun yi ƙanƙanta, rata tsakanin ɓangarorin yana da girma sosai, wanda ba shi da amfani ga sarrafa wutar lantarki.

Diaphragm

Babban abubuwan da ke shafar tasirin lantarki na diaphragm sune: kauri na diaphragm, porosity, da samfurori a cikin caji da fitarwa. Biyu na farko suna da sauƙin fahimta. Bayan an tarwatsa baturin, ana yawan samun wani abu mai launin ruwan kasa mai kauri akan mai raba, wanda ya hada da graphite negative electrode da halayensa, wanda zai toshe ramukan diaphragm da rage rayuwar batirin.

Substrate mai tarawa na yanzu

Kayan abu, kauri, nisa na mai tarawa na yanzu da matakin lamba tare da shafuka duk suna shafar rashin ƙarfi na lantarki. Mai tarawa na yanzu yana buƙatar zaɓar wani abu wanda ba a yi amfani da shi ba kuma ba a yi amfani da shi ba, in ba haka ba zai shafi impedance. Mummunan walda tsakanin jan karfe da foil na aluminium da shafuka kuma za su yi tasiri ga rashin ƙarfi na lantarki.

Sadarwar lamba

An kafa juriya na lamba tsakanin lamba tsakanin tagulla da aluminum foil da kayan aiki mai aiki, kuma ana buƙatar kulawa da adhesion na mannewa mai kyau da mara kyau.

Juriya na ciki na Polarized

Lokacin da halin yanzu ke wucewa ta cikin na’urorin lantarki, lamarin da yuwuwar wutar lantarki ta karkata daga yuwuwar wutar lantarki ana kiranta polarization electrode. Polarization ya haɗa da polarization ohmic, polarization electrochemical da kuma maida hankali polarization. Juriya na polarization yana nufin juriya na ciki wanda ya haifar da polarization na ingantacciyar lantarki da kuma mummunan lantarki na baturi yayin amsawar electrochemical. Zai iya nuna daidaitattun ciki na baturi, amma bai dace da samarwa ba saboda tasirin aiki da hanya. Juriya na polarization na ciki ba koyaushe ba ne, kuma yana canzawa tare da lokaci yayin aiwatar da caji da fitarwa. Wannan shi ne saboda abun da ke ciki na kayan aiki, ƙaddamarwa da zafin jiki na electrolyte suna canzawa akai-akai. Juriya na ciki na ohmic yana yin biyayya ga dokar Ohm, kuma juriya na cikin gida yana ƙaruwa tare da haɓaka da yawa na yanzu, amma ba alaƙar layi ba ce. Yana sau da yawa yana ƙaruwa a layi yayin da logarithm na ƙimar halin yanzu yana ƙaruwa.

Tasirin ƙirar tsari

A cikin ƙirar tsarin baturi, baya ga riveting da waldawa na tsarin baturin kanta, lamba, girman, da wurin wuraren baturin suna tasiri kai tsaye juriya na ciki na baturin. Zuwa wani ɗan lokaci, ƙara yawan shafuka na iya rage juriya na ciki na baturin yadda ya kamata. Matsayin shafuka kuma yana rinjayar juriya na ciki na baturin. Juriya na ciki na baturi mai rauni tare da matsayi na shafin a kan ƙananan igiya mai kyau da mara kyau shine mafi girma. Idan aka kwatanta da baturin rauni, lamintaccen baturi yayi daidai da ɗimbin ƙananan batura a layi daya. , Juriya na ciki ya fi karami.

Tasirin aikin danyen abu

Kyawawan kayan aiki mara kyau da mara kyau

A cikin baturan lithium, ingantaccen kayan lantarki shine gefen ajiyar lithium, wanda ya fi ƙayyade aikin baturin lithium. Ingantattun kayan lantarki suna haɓaka haɓakar lantarki tsakanin barbashi ta hanyar sutura da doping. Misali, doping tare da Ni yana haɓaka ƙarfin haɗin PO, yana daidaita tsarin LiFePO4/C, yana haɓaka ƙarar tantanin halitta, kuma yana iya rage juriya na cajin ingantaccen kayan lantarki. Mahimmancin haɓakawa a cikin kunnawa polarization, musamman kunna polarization na mummunan lantarki, shine babban dalilin mummunar polarization. Rage girman barbashi na gurɓataccen lantarki na iya yadda ya kamata ya rage polarization mai aiki na mummunan lantarki. Lokacin da m lokaci barbashi girman da korau electrode aka rage da rabi, da aiki polarization za a iya rage da 45%. Sabili da haka, dangane da ƙirar baturi, bincike kan haɓaka kayan inganci da mara kyau su ma yana da mahimmanci.

Wakilin gudanarwa

Graphite da carbon baƙar fata ana amfani da su sosai a fagen batirin lithium saboda kyawawan kaddarorinsu. Idan aka kwatanta da graphite tushen conductive wakili, da m lantarki da carbon baki-tushen conductive wakili yana da mafi alhẽri baturi kudi yi, saboda graphite tushen conductive wakili yana da flaky barbashi ilimin halittar jiki, wanda ya sa babban karuwa a pore tortuosity a babban kudi, kuma Li ruwa lokaci yadawa abu ne mai sauki faruwa A sabon abu da cewa tsari iyakance fitarwa iya aiki. Batirin tare da CNTs da aka kara yana da ƙananan juriya na ciki, saboda idan aka kwatanta da ma’anar lamba tsakanin graphite / carbon baki da kayan aiki, fibrous carbon nanotubes suna cikin layi tare da kayan aiki mai aiki, wanda zai iya rage girman haɗin baturi.

Mai tarawa na yanzu

Rage juriya na mu’amala tsakanin mai tarawa na yanzu da kayan aiki da haɓaka ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin su biyun sune mahimman hanyoyin haɓaka aikin batir lithium. Rufe murfin carbon mai ɗaukar nauyi akan saman foil na aluminium da jiyya na corona akan foil na aluminium na iya rage girman tasirin baturi yadda ya kamata. Idan aka kwatanta da foil ɗin aluminium na yau da kullun, yin amfani da foil ɗin alumini mai rufi na carbon zai iya rage juriya na ciki na baturin da kusan 65%, kuma yana iya rage haɓakar juriya na ciki na baturi yayin amfani. Za’a iya rage juriya na ciki na AC na murfin murfin aluminium da aka yi da corona da kusan 20%. A cikin kewayon 20% ~ 90% SOC da aka saba amfani da shi, juriya na ciki na DC gabaɗaya yana da ƙanƙanta kuma haɓaka yana raguwa a hankali yayin da zurfin fitarwa yana ƙaruwa.

Diaphragm

Gudanar da ion a cikin baturin ya dogara da yaduwar Li ions a cikin electrolyte ta hanyar diaphragm mara kyau. Ruwan ruwa da ikon jika na diaphragm shine mabuɗin don ƙirƙirar tashar kwararar ion mai kyau. Lokacin da diaphragm yana da mafi girma yawan sha ruwa da tsari mara kyau, ana iya inganta shi. Haɓakawa yana rage rashin ƙarfi na baturi kuma yana inganta ƙimar baturi. Idan aka kwatanta da ginshiƙan tushe na yau da kullun, yumbu diaphragms da roba mai rufi diaphragms ba za su iya haɓaka juriya mai girman zafin jiki kawai na diaphragm ba, har ma da haɓaka haɓakar ruwa da ikon jika na diaphragm. Ƙarin murfin yumbura na SiO2 akan diaphragm na PP zai iya sa diaphragm ya sha ruwa Ƙarfin ya karu da 17%. Rufe 1μm PVDF-HFP akan PP/PE composite diaphragm, yawan sha ruwa na diaphragm yana ƙaruwa daga 70% zuwa 82%, kuma juriya na ciki na tantanin halitta yana raguwa da fiye da 20%.

Daga bangarorin tsarin masana’antu da yanayin amfani, abubuwan da suka shafi juriya na ciki na baturi sun hada da:

Abubuwan tsari suna tasiri

Pulping

Daidaitawar slurry watsawa a lokacin hadawa yana rinjayar ko ana iya tarwatsa wakili mai gudanarwa a cikin kayan aiki kusa da shi, wanda ke da alaƙa da juriya na ciki na baturi. Ta hanyar haɓaka saurin tarwatsewa, ana iya inganta daidaituwar rarrabuwar slurry, kuma juriya na ciki na baturi zai zama ƙarami. Ta hanyar ƙara surfactant, za’a iya inganta daidaituwar rarraba mai gudanarwa a cikin lantarki, kuma za’a iya rage ƙarancin wutar lantarki na electrochemical kuma ana iya ƙara ƙarfin fitarwa na tsakiya.

shafi

Yawancin yanki ɗaya ne daga cikin maɓalli na ƙirar baturi. Lokacin da ƙarfin baturi ya kasance akai-akai, ƙara girman girman ɗigon sandar sandar igiya ba makawa zai rage jimlar mai tarawa na yanzu da diaphragm, kuma juriyar ohmic na baturin zai ragu daidai da haka. Saboda haka, a cikin kewayon kewayon, Juriya na ciki na baturi yana raguwa yayin da girman yanki ke ƙaruwa. Hijira da rabuwa da sauran ƙarfi kwayoyin a lokacin shafi da bushewa yana da alaƙa da yanayin zafi na tanda, wanda kai tsaye ya shafi rarraba ma’auni da wakili a cikin yanki na iyakacin duniya, sa’an nan kuma yana rinjayar samuwar grid mai gudanarwa a cikin yanki na iyakacin duniya. Sabili da haka, tsarin shafa da bushewa Yanayin zafi shima muhimmin tsari ne don inganta aikin baturi.

mirgina

Zuwa wani iyaka, juriya na ciki na baturi yana raguwa yayin da yawan matsi ya karu. Saboda ƙarancin haɓaka yana ƙaruwa, nisa tsakanin ɓangarorin albarkatun ƙasa yana raguwa. Yawan hulɗar tsakanin barbashi, da ƙarin gadoji da tashoshi, da baturi Ana rage matsa lamba. Ana samun ikon sarrafa ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarfi ta hanyar mirgina kauri. Kauri daban-daban na mirgina suna da babban tasiri akan juriya na ciki na baturin. Lokacin da kauri mai jujjuyawa yayi girma, juriya na lamba tsakanin kayan aiki da mai tarawa na yanzu yana ƙaruwa saboda gazawar kayan aiki da za a yi birgima sosai, kuma juriya na ciki na baturi yana ƙaruwa. Bayan da baturi ya yi hawan keke, ana haifar da tsagewa akan tabbataccen yanayin lantarki na baturin tare da kauri mai kauri mai kauri, wanda zai ƙara haɓaka juriyar tuntuɓar tsakanin abin da ke aiki na saman sandar yanki da mai tarawa na yanzu.

Pole yanki lokacin juyawa

Lokacin shiryayye daban-daban na tabbataccen lantarki yana da babban tasiri akan juriyar ciki na baturi. Lokacin da lokacin shiryayye ya yi ɗan gajeren lokaci, juriya na ciki na baturi zai karu a hankali saboda tasirin murfin murfin carbon akan saman lithium iron phosphate da lithium iron phosphate; Lokacin da aka bar baturi na dogon lokaci (fiye da 23h), juriya na ciki na baturi yana ƙaruwa sosai saboda haɗuwa da tasirin lithium baƙin ƙarfe phosphate tare da ruwa da mannewa na m. Sabili da haka, wajibi ne don sarrafa lokacin juyawa na guntuwar igiya a ainihin samarwa.

Allurar ruwa

Ƙarfafawar ionic na electrolyte yana ƙayyade juriya na ciki da ƙimar ƙimar baturi. Halin da ake amfani da shi na electrolyte ya bambanta da danko na sauran ƙarfi, kuma yana tasiri ta hanyar tattarawar gishiri na lithium da girman anions. Baya ga ingantaccen bincike akan tafiyar aiki, ƙarar allurar da lokacin shigar bayan allura suma suna shafar juriya na ciki na baturi kai tsaye. Ƙananan ƙarar allura ko rashin isasshen lokacin shigar da baturin zai haifar da juriya na ciki na baturin ya yi girma da yawa, ta haka zai shafi ƙarfin yin wasa.

Tasirin yanayin amfani

da zazzabi

Tasirin zafin jiki akan juriya na ciki a bayyane yake. Ƙananan zafin jiki, ƙaddamar da watsawar ion a cikin baturi kuma mafi girma juriya na ciki na baturin. Za’a iya raba impedance na baturi zuwa babban impedance, SEI membrane impedance, da caja impedance. Mafi girman impedance da SEI membrane impedance sun fi shafar electrolyte ionic conductivity, kuma canjin canjin yanayi a ƙananan zafin jiki ya yi daidai da canjin yanayin halayen lantarki. Idan aka kwatanta da haɓakar haɓakar haɓaka mai girma da juriya na fim na SEI a ƙananan yanayin zafi, ƙarancin cajin cajin yana ƙaruwa sosai tare da rage yawan zafin jiki. A ƙasa -20°C, cajin da ake ɗauka yana ɗaukar kusan 100% na jimlar juriyar ciki na baturi.

SOC

Lokacin da baturi yake a cikin SOC daban-daban, juriya na ciki shima ya bambanta, musamman juriya na ciki na DC kai tsaye yana shafar aikin baturin, sannan yana nuna aikin baturi a ainihin yanayin: juriya na ciki na DC na batirin lithium ya bambanta da zurfin fitarwa DOD na baturi Juriya na ciki baya canzawa a cikin 10% ~ 80% tazarar fitarwa. Gabaɗaya, juriya na ciki yana ƙaruwa sosai a zurfin zurfafawa.

ajiya

Yayin da lokacin ajiyar batirin lithium-ion ya karu, batir suna ci gaba da tsufa, kuma juriyarsu ta ciki tana ci gaba da karuwa. Nau’o’in batirin lithium daban-daban suna da matakan canji daban-daban a juriya na ciki. Bayan dogon lokaci na ajiya na watanni 9-10, karuwar juriya na ciki na batir LFP ya fi na NCA da batir NCM. Haɓaka ƙimar juriya na ciki yana da alaƙa da lokacin ajiya, zazzabin ajiya da ajiya SOC

zagayowar

Ko ajiya ne ko keke, zafin jiki yana da tasiri iri ɗaya akan juriyar ciki na baturin. Mafi girman yawan zafin jiki na sake zagayowar, mafi girma yawan karuwar juriya na ciki. Matsakaicin sake zagayowar daban-daban suna da tasiri daban-daban akan juriyar ciki na baturi. Juriya na ciki na baturi yana ƙaruwa tare da haɓaka zurfin caji da fitarwa, kuma haɓakar juriya na ciki yana daidai da haɓaka zurfin caji da fitarwa. Bugu da ƙari ga tasirin zurfin caji da fitarwa a cikin sake zagayowar, cajin yanke-kashe ƙarfin lantarki kuma yana da tasiri: ƙarancin ƙarfin cajin da yawa ko maɗaukaki na ƙarfin cajin zai ƙara ƙarfin haɗin lantarki na lantarki, da kuma Passivation fim ba za a iya kafa da kyau a karkashin ma low babba iyaka ƙarfin lantarki, kuma Maɗaukakin ƙarfin lantarki babba iyaka zai sa electrolyte zuwa oxidize da bazuwa a saman na LiFePO4 lantarki don samar da samfurori tare da low lantarki watsin.

wasu

Batiran lithium masu hawa a cikin mota babu makawa za su fuskanci rashin kyawun yanayin hanya a aikace-aikace masu amfani, amma bincike ya gano cewa yanayin girgiza batirin lithium ba shi da wani tasiri a kan juriyar ciki na batirin lithium yayin aiwatar da aikace-aikacen.

Outlook

Juriya na ciki muhimmin ma’auni ne don auna aikin ƙarfin lithium-ion da kimanta rayuwar baturi. Girman juriya na ciki, mafi munin aikin baturi, da sauri yana ƙaruwa yayin ajiya da sake amfani da shi. Juriya na ciki yana da alaƙa da tsarin baturi, halayen kayan baturi da tsarin masana’antu, da canje-canje tare da canje-canje a yanayin zafi da yanayin caji. Don haka, haɓaka ƙananan batura masu juriya na ciki shine mabuɗin haɓaka aikin ƙarfin baturi, kuma a lokaci guda, ƙware da canza dokokin juriya na cikin baturi yana da ma’ana mai mahimmanci ga hasashen rayuwar baturi.