Ngokusetyenziswa kweebhetri ze-lithium, ukusebenza kwebhetri kuqhubeka nokubola, ngokukodwa njengokubola kwamandla, ukunyuka kwangaphakathi kokuchasana, ukuhla kwamandla, njl. Ngoko ke, izinto ezichaphazela ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwebhetri zichazwe ngokubhekiselele kuyilo lwesakhiwo sebhetri, ukusebenza kwezinto eziluhlaza, inkqubo yokuvelisa kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa.

Ukuchasana kukuxhathisa ukuba ibhetri ye-lithium ifumana xa ikhoyo ngoku ihamba ngaphakathi kwebhetri xa isebenza. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kweebhetri ze-lithium kwahlulwe kwi-ohmic ukumelana kwangaphakathi kunye ne-polarization yangaphakathi. Ukuxhatshazwa kwangaphakathi kwe-ohmic kuqulethwe yizinto ze-electrode, i-electrolyte, ukumelana ne-diaphragm kunye nokuxhatshazwa koqhagamshelwano lwenxalenye nganye. Ukuchasana kwe-polarization kwangaphakathi kubhekisela ekuchaseni okubangelwa yi-polarization ngexesha lokuphendula kwe-electrochemical, kubandakanywa ne-electrochemical polarization ukumelana kwangaphakathi kunye nokugxilwa kwe-polarization yangaphakathi. Ukuxhatshazwa kwangaphakathi kwe-ohmic yebhetri kunqunywe yi-conductivity epheleleyo yebhetri, kwaye ukuchasana kwe-polarization kwangaphakathi kwebhetri kuchongwa yi-coefficient ye-slide diffusion coefficient ye-lithium ion kwizinto ezisebenzayo ze-electrode.

Ohm ukumelana

Ukuchasana kwe-ohmic kohlulwe kakhulu kumacandelo amathathu, enye yi-ionic impedance, enye yi-impedance ye-elektroniki, kwaye eyesithathu yi-impedance yoqhagamshelwano. Sithemba ukuba ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwebhetri ye-lithium kuncinci kunokwenzeka, ngoko kufuneka sithathe amanyathelo athile okunciphisa ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwe-ohmic kwezi zinto zintathu.

I-Impedans ye-ion

Ukumelana ne-ion yebhetri ye-lithium kubhekiselele ekuchaseni ukuhanjiswa kwe-lithium ion ngaphakathi kwebhetri. Kwibhetri ye-lithium, isantya sokufuduka kwe-lithium ion kunye nesantya sokuqhuba i-electron sidlala indima ebalulekileyo ngokulinganayo, kwaye ukuchasana kwe-ion kuchaphazeleka kakhulu kwizinto ezilungileyo kunye ne-electrode engalunganga, i-separator, kunye ne-electrolyte. Ukunciphisa i-ion impedance, kufuneka wenze oku kulandelayo:

Qinisekisa ukuba izinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga kunye ne-electrolyte zinokumanzisa okuhle

Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukhethe ukuxinana okufanelekileyo xa uyila isiqwenga sepali. Ukuba ukuxinana kwe-compaction kukhulu kakhulu, i-electrolyte ayilula ukungena, eya kwandisa ukuxhatshazwa kwe-ion. Kwiqhekeza lepali elibi, ukuba ifilimu ye-SEI yenziwe kumphezulu wezinto ezisebenzayo ngexesha lokuqala lokuhlawuliswa kunye nokukhutshwa kukhulu kakhulu, kuya kwandisa ukuchasana kwe-ion. Ngeli xesha, kuyimfuneko ukulungisa inkqubo yokwakheka kwebhetri ukuyicombulula.

Impembelelo ye-electrolyte

I-electrolyte kufuneka ibe ne-concentration efanelekileyo, i-viscosity kunye ne-conductivity. Xa i-viscosity ye-electrolyte iphezulu kakhulu, ayihambisani nokungena phakathi kwe-electrolyte kunye nezinto ezisebenzayo ze-electrodes ezintle kunye ezimbi. Ngexesha elifanayo, i-electrolyte nayo idinga ugxininiso oluphantsi, ugxininiso oluphezulu kakhulu aluhambisani nokuhamba kwayo kunye nokungena. I-conductivity ye-electrolyte iyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu echaphazela ukuxhathisa i-ion, emisela ukufuduka kweeyoni.

Impembelelo ye-diaphragm kwi-ion resistance

Izinto eziphambili ezichaphazela i-diaphragm kwi-ion resistance zezi: ukusabalalisa i-electrolyte kwi-diaphragm, indawo ye-diaphragm, ubukhulu, ubukhulu be-pore, i-porosity, kunye ne-tortuosity coefficient. Kwi-diaphragms ye-ceramic, kuyafuneka kwakhona ukukhusela i-ceramic particles ekuvimbeleni i-pores ye-diaphragm, engahambelani nokuhamba kwee-ion. Ngelixa uqinisekisa ukuba i-electrolyte ingene ngokupheleleyo kwi-diaphragm, akufanele kubekho i-electrolyte engaphezulu eseleyo kuyo, enciphisa ukusebenza kwe-electrolyte.

Impedance yombane

Zininzi izinto eziphembelela i-impedance ye-elektroniki, enokuphuculwa kwimiba efana nemathiriyeli kunye neenkqubo.

Iipleyiti ezintle nezimbi

Izinto eziphambili ezichaphazela i-impedance ye-elektroniki yamacwecwe afanelekileyo kunye abi: uqhagamshelwano phakathi kwezinto ezisebenzayo kunye nomqokeleli wangoku, izinto ezisebenzayo ngokwazo, kunye neeparitha zeplate. Izinto ezisebenzayo kufuneka zidibanise ngokupheleleyo kunye nomqokeleli wangoku, onokuthi kuthathelwe ingqalelo kwi-foil yobhedu yomqokeleli yangoku, i-aluminium foil base base material, kunye nokunamathela kwe-electrode pastes efanelekileyo kunye nembi. I-porosity yezinto eziphilayo ngokwayo, i-by-products on the surface of particles, kunye nokuxuba okungafaniyo kunye ne-agent agent, njl., Kuya kubangela ukuba i-impedance ye-elektroniki itshintshe. Iiparamitha zeplate ye-polar ezifana nobuninzi bezinto eziphilayo zincinci kakhulu, umsantsa phakathi kwamasuntswana mkhulu kakhulu, ongekho ukulungelelaniswa kwe-electron conduction.

Isifayili

Izinto eziphambili ezichaphazela i-electronic impedance ye-diaphragm yilezi: ubukhulu be-diaphragm, i-porosity, kunye neemveliso kwi-charge and discharge process. Ezokuqala zimbini kulula ukuziqonda. Emva kokuba ibhetri ichithekile, umaleko oshinyeneyo wezinto ezimdaka uhlala ufumaneka kwisahluli, kubandakanya igraphite negative electrode kunye nokusabela kwayo ngeemveliso, eziya kuthi zithintele i-diaphragm pores kwaye zinciphise ubomi benkonzo yebhetri.

I-substrate yomqokeleli yangoku

Izinto eziphathekayo, ubukhulu, ububanzi bomqokeleli wangoku kunye nomgangatho woqhagamshelwano kunye neethebhu zonke zichaphazela i-impedance ye-elektroniki. Umqokeleli wangoku kufuneka akhethe i-substrate engazange i-oxidized kunye ne-passivated, ngaphandle koko iya kuchaphazela i-impedance. Ukuwelda kakubi phakathi kobhedu kunye nefoyile ye-aluminium kunye neethebhu kuya kuchaphazela i-impedance ye-elektroniki.

Ukumelana noqhakamshelwano

Ukuxhatshazwa koqhagamshelwano kwenziwa phakathi koqhagamshelwano phakathi kobhedu kunye ne-aluminium foil kunye nezinto ezisebenzayo, kwaye ingqwalasela kufuneka ihlawulwe ekunamatheleni kwe-electrode pastes efanelekileyo kunye nebi.

I-polarized ukumelana kwangaphakathi

Xa ikhoyo ngoku idlula kwi-electrodes, into yokuba amandla e-electrode aphambuke kwi-equilibrium electrode potential ebizwa ngokuba yi-electrode polarization. I-polarization ibandakanya i-ohmic polarization, i-electrochemical polarization kunye ne-concentration polarization. Ukuxhatshazwa kwe-polarization kubhekisela ekuchaseni kwangaphakathi okubangelwa yi-polarization ye-electrode efanelekileyo kunye ne-electrode embi yebhetri ngexesha lokuphendula kwe-electrochemical. Ingabonakalisa ukuhambelana kwangaphakathi kwebhetri, kodwa ayifanelekanga ukuveliswa ngenxa yempembelelo yokusebenza kunye nendlela. Ukumelana ne-polarization yangaphakathi ayitshintshi, kwaye itshintsha ngexesha ngexesha lokutshaja kunye nokukhupha. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukubunjwa kwezinto ezisebenzayo, ukuxinwa kunye nobushushu be-electrolyte zihlala zitshintsha. Ukuxhatshazwa kwangaphakathi kwe-ohmic kuthobela umthetho we-Ohm, kwaye ukuchasana kwe-polarization kwangaphakathi kwanda ngokunyuka koxinzelelo lwangoku, kodwa akusiyo ubudlelwane bomgca. Ihlala inyuka ngokulandelelana njengoko i-logarithm yoxinaniso lwangoku lusanda.

Impembelelo yoyilo lwesakhiwo

Kuyilo lwesakhiwo sebhetri, ukongeza kwi-riveting kunye ne-welding yesakhiwo sebhetri ngokwayo, inani, ubungakanani, kunye nendawo yeethebhu zebhetri zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwebhetri. Ukuya kumlinganiselo othile, ukwandisa inani leethebhu kunokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukuxhathisa kwangaphakathi kwebhetri. Ukuma kweethebhu kukwachaphazela ukuxhathisa kwangaphakathi kwebhetri. Ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwebhetri yenxeba kunye nesithuba sethebhu kwintloko yeeqhekeza ezichanekileyo kunye nezimbi zepali yeyona inkulu. Xa kuthelekiswa nebhetri yenxeba, ibhetri elaminethiweyo ilingana nenqwaba yeebhetri ezincinci ngokunxuseneyo. , Ukuchasana kwayo kwangaphakathi kuncinci.

Impembelelo yokusebenza kwezinto ezikrwada

Positive and negative active materials

Kwiibhetri ze-lithium, izinto ezintle ze-electrode yi-lithium yokugcina icala, eyona nto inquma ukusebenza kwebhetri ye-lithium. Izinto ezilungileyo ze-electrode ziphucula ikakhulu ukuhanjiswa kwe-elektroniki phakathi kwamasuntswana ngokutyabeka kunye ne-doping. Ngokomzekelo, i-doping kunye ne-Ni iphucula amandla e-PO bond, izinzisa isakhiwo se-LiFePO4 / C, ikhulisa umthamo weseli, kwaye inokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukunyanzeliswa kokudluliselwa kwentlawulo yezinto ezilungileyo ze-electrode. Ukonyuka okubonakalayo kwi-activation polarization, ngakumbi i-activation polarization ye-electrode engalunganga, sesona sizathu siphambili sokwenza i-polarization enzulu. Ukunciphisa ubukhulu be-particle ye-electrode engalunganga kunokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo i-polarization esebenzayo ye-electrode engalunganga. Xa ubungakanani besigaba esiqinileyo se-electrode engalunganga sincitshiswa ngesiqingatha, i-polarization esebenzayo ingancitshiswa ngama-45%. Ke ngoko, malunga noyilo lwebhetri, uphando malunga nokuphuculwa kwezinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga ngokwazo nazo ziyimfuneko.

I-arhente eqhubayo

I-graphite kunye ne-carbon black zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwintsimi yeebhetri ze-lithium ngenxa yeempawu zabo ezilungileyo. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-graphite-based conductive agent, i-electrode efanelekileyo ene-carbon black-based conductive agent inezinga elingcono lebhetri yokusebenza, kuba i-graphite-based conductive agent ine-flaky particle morphology, ebangela ukwanda okukhulu kwe-pore tortuosity kwizinga elikhulu, kwaye Li ulwelo isigaba diffusion kulula ukwenzeka Isenzeko ukuba inkqubo imida ukukhupha umthamo. Ibhetri ene-CNTs eyongeziweyo inokumelana okuphantsi kwangaphakathi, kuba xa kuthelekiswa noqhagamshelwano lwamanqaku phakathi kwegraphite / carbon black kunye nezinto ezisebenzayo, i-fibrous carbon nanotubes ihambelana nomgca kunye nezinto ezisebenzayo, ezinokunciphisa i-impedance ye-interface yebhetri.

Umqokeleli wangoku

Ukunciphisa ukuchasana kwe-interface phakathi komqokeleli wangoku kunye nezinto ezisebenzayo kunye nokuphucula amandla okudibanisa phakathi kwezi zibini zibalulekile iindlela zokuphucula ukusebenza kweebhetri ze-lithium. Ukwambathisa ikhabhoni eqhubayo yokwaleka kumphezulu wefoyile ye-aluminium kunye nonyango lwe-corona kwifoyile ye-aluminium kunokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo i-impedance ye-interface yebhetri. Xa kuthelekiswa nefoyile ye-aluminium eqhelekileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-carbon-coated aluminium foil kunokunciphisa ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwebhetri malunga ne-65%, kwaye kunokunciphisa ukwanda kokumelana kwangaphakathi kwebhetri ngexesha lokusetyenziswa. Ukuxhathisa kwangaphakathi kwe-AC yefoyile ye-aluminiyam enyangwa nge-corona inokwehliswa malunga ne-20%. Kuluhlu oluqhelekileyo lwe-20% ~ 90% ye-SOC, ukuxhathisa kwangaphakathi kwe-DC kuncinci kwaye ukunyuka kuncinci kancinci njengoko ubunzulu bokukhutshwa bukhula.

Isifayili

Ukuqhuba kwe-ion ngaphakathi kwebhetri kuxhomekeke ekusasazweni kwee-Li ion kwi-electrolyte nge-diaphragm ene-porous. Ukufunxa ulwelo kunye nobuchule bokumanzisa kwi-diaphragm ngundoqo wokwenza umjelo olungileyo we-ion. Xa i-diaphragm inezinga eliphezulu lokufunxa ulwelo kunye nesakhiwo se-porous, inokuphuculwa. I-conductivity inciphisa ukungabikho kwebhetri kwaye iphucula ukusebenza kwebhetri. Xa kuthelekiswa neembrane zesiseko eziqhelekileyo, iidiaphragm ze-ceramic kunye ne-diaphragm egqunywe ngerabha ayinakuphucula kakhulu kuphela ukuxhathisa kobushushu obuphezulu be-diaphragm, kodwa ikwaphucula ukufunxwa kolwelo kunye nokukwazi ukumanzisa kwe-diaphragm. Ukongezwa kwe-SiO2 yokugqoka i-ceramic kwi-diaphragm ye-PP kunokwenza i-diaphragm ifunxe ulwelo Umthamo wonyuke nge-17%. Ukwambathisa i-1μm PVDF-HFP kwi-PP/PE edibeneyo ye-diaphragm, izinga lokufunxa ulwelo lwe-diaphragm linyuswe ukusuka kwi-70% ukuya kuma-82%, kwaye ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kweseli kuncitshiswe ngaphezu kwe-20%.

Ukusuka kwimiba yenkqubo yokuvelisa kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa, izinto ezichaphazela ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwebhetri kubandakanya:

Izinto zenkqubo zichaphazela

Ukutsala

Ukufana kwe-slurry dispersion ngexesha lokuxuba kuchaphazela ukuba i-agent eqhubayo inokuchithwa ngokufanayo kwizinto ezisebenzayo ngokusondeleyo kunye nayo, ehambelana nokuchasana kwangaphakathi kwebhetri. Ngokunyusa ukusabalalisa kwesantya esiphezulu, ukufana kwe-slurry dispersion kungaphuculwa, kwaye ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwebhetri kuya kuba kuncinci. Ngokongeza i-surfactant, ukufana kokuhanjiswa kwe-agent eqhubayo kwi-electrode kunokuphuculwa, kwaye i-electrochemical polarization ingancitshiswa kwaye i-voltage yokukhupha i-median inokunyuswa.

umaleko

Ukuxinana kwendawo yenye yeeparamitha eziphambili zoyilo lwebhetri. Xa umthamo webhetri uhlala uhleli, ukwandisa ukuxinana komphezulu weeqhekeza zepali ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kunciphisa ubude obupheleleyo bomqokeleli wangoku kunye ne-diaphragm, kwaye ukuxhathisa i-ohmic yebhetri kuya kuncipha ngokufanelekileyo. Ke ngoko, kuluhlu oluthile, Ukuxhathisa kwangaphakathi kwebhetri kuncipha njengoko ukuxinana kwendawo kunyuka. Ukufuduka kunye nokwahlula iimolekyuli ezinyibilikayo ngexesha lokwaleka kunye nokomisa kuhambelana ngokusondeleyo nobushushu be-oven, echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuhanjiswa kwe-binder kunye ne-conductive agent kwi-pole piece, kwaye emva koko ichaphazela ukubunjwa kwegridi eqhubayo ngaphakathi kwesiqhekeza. Ke ngoko, ukwambathisa kunye nenkqubo yokomisa Ubushushu bukwayinkqubo ebalulekileyo yokuphucula ukusebenza kwebhetri.

Ukuhambisa

Ukuya kumlinganiselo othile, ukuxhathisa kwangaphakathi kwebhetri kuyehla njengoko ukuxinana koxinzelelo kukhula. Ngenxa yokuba ukuxinana kwe-compaction kuyanda, umgama phakathi kwezinto eziluhlaza uyancipha. Uqhagamshelwano olungakumbi phakathi kweengqungquthela, iibhuloho eziqhubayo kunye namajelo, kunye nebhetri I-impedance iyancipha. Ulawulo loxinaniso loxinaniso lufezekiswa ikakhulu ngobunzima bokuqengqeleka. Ubunzima obuhlukeneyo bokuqengqeleka bunempembelelo enkulu ekuxhathiseni kwangaphakathi kwebhetri. Xa ubukhulu be-rolling bukhulu, ukuchasana koqhagamshelwano phakathi kwezinto ezisebenzayo kunye nomqokeleli wangoku kwanda ngenxa yokungaphumeleli kwezinto ezisebenzayo ukuba zigqitywe ngokuqinileyo, kwaye ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwebhetri kwanda. Emva kokuba ibhetri ijikelezisiwe, iintanda ziveliswa kumphezulu we-electrode eqinisekileyo yebhetri enobungqingqwa obungqingqwa obungqingqwa, obuya kwandisa ngakumbi ukuchasana nokunxibelelana phakathi kwezinto ezisebenzayo zepali kunye nomqokeleli wangoku.

Ixesha lokuguqula i-Pole piece

Ixesha elihlukeneyo leshelufu ye-electrode efanelekileyo inempembelelo enkulu ekuchaseni kwangaphakathi kwebhetri. Xa ixesha leshelufu lifutshane, ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwebhetri kuya kwanda ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yempembelelo ye-carbon coating layer phezu kwe-lithium iron phosphate kunye ne-lithium iron phosphate; Xa ibhetri ishiywe ixesha elide (ngaphezu kwe-23h), ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwebhetri kwanda kakhulu ngenxa yempembelelo edibeneyo yokusabela kwe-lithium iron phosphate ngamanzi kunye nokunamathela kwe-adhesive. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukulawula ngokungqongqo ixesha lokuguqula iziqwenga zepali kwimveliso yangempela.

Inaliti yolwelo

I-ionic conductivity ye-electrolyte imisela ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kunye neempawu zezinga lebhetri. I-conductivity ye-electrolyte ihambelana ngokungafaniyo ne-viscosity ye-solvent, kwaye iphinda ichaphazeleke ngokuxinwa kwetyuwa ye-lithium kunye nobukhulu bee-anions. Ukongeza kuphando lokuphucula kwi-conductivity, umthamo wenaliti kunye nexesha lokungena emva kwesitofu nako kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuxhathisa kwangaphakathi kwebhetri. Umthamo wesitofu esincinci okanye ixesha elingonelanga lokungena liya kubangela ukuxhathisa kwangaphakathi kwebhetri kube kukhulu kakhulu, ngaloo ndlela kuchaphazela ibhetri Umthamo wokudlala.

Impembelelo yeemeko zokusetyenziswa

iqondo lobushushu

Impembelelo yobushushu ekuchaseni kwangaphakathi ibonakala. Okukhona iqondo lobushushu lisezantsi, kokukhona kucotha ukuhanjiswa kwe-ion ngaphakathi kwebhetri kwaye kokukhona ukuxhathisa kwangaphakathi kwebhetri. Ukunyanzeliswa kwebhetri kunokohlulwa kube yimpedance eninzi, i-membrane ye-SEI, kunye ne-impedance yokudluliselwa kwentlawulo. I-impedance yobuninzi kunye ne-SEI membrane impedance zichatshazelwa ikakhulu yi-electrolyte ionic conductivity, kwaye inguqu yenguqu kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi ihambelana nokutshintsha kwe-electrolyte conductivity. Xa kuthelekiswa nokunyuka kwe-impedance yobuninzi kunye nokumelana nefilimu ye-SEI kumaqondo aphantsi, i-impedance yokuphendula intlawulo inyuka kakhulu ngokuhla kweqondo lokushisa. Ngaphantsi kwe-20 ° C, i-impedance ye-charge reaction i-akhawunti malunga ne-100% yokumelana okupheleleyo kwebhetri yangaphakathi.

SOC

Xa ibhetri ikwi-SOC eyahlukileyo, ukuchasana kwayo kwangaphakathi kwahlukile, ngakumbi ukuxhathisa kwangaphakathi kwe-DC kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kwamandla ebhetri, kwaye emva koko kubonisa ukusebenza kwebhetri kwimeko yokwenyani: ukuxhathisa kwangaphakathi kwe-DC yebhetri ye-lithium kuyahluka kunye. ubunzulu bokukhutshwa kwe-DOD yebhetri Ukuchasana kwangaphakathi akutshintshi ngokusisiseko kwi-10% ~ 80% yokukhupha ikhefu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwandisa kakhulu kwi-deep discharge deep.

zokugcina

Njengoko ixesha lokugcinwa kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion landa, iibhetri ziyaqhubeka ziguga, kwaye ukuchasana kwabo kwangaphakathi kuqhubeka nokunyuka. Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeebhetri ze-lithium zinee-degrees ezahlukeneyo zotshintsho ekuchaseni kwangaphakathi. Emva kwexesha elide lokugcinwa kweenyanga ze-9-10, izinga lokunyuka kwangaphakathi lokuchasana kweebhetri ze-LFP ziphezulu kuneebhetri ze-NCA kunye ne-NCM. Izinga lokunyuka lokuchasana kwangaphakathi lihambelana nexesha lokugcina, ubushushu bokugcina kunye nokugcinwa kwe-SOC

umjikelo

Ingaba kukugcinwa okanye ukuhamba ngebhayisikili, ubushushu bunefuthe elifanayo ekuchaseni kwangaphakathi kwebhetri. Ukuphakama kweqondo lokushisa lomjikelo, likhulu izinga lokunyuka lokuchasana kwangaphakathi. Amaxesha ahlukeneyo omjikelezo aneempembelelo ezahlukeneyo ekuchaseni kwangaphakathi kwebhetri. Ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kwebhetri kwanda ngokunyuka kobunzulu bentlawulo kunye nokukhutshwa, kwaye ukwanda kokuchasana kwangaphakathi kuhambelana nokunyuka kobunzulu bentlawulo kunye nokukhutshwa. Ukongeza kwimpembelelo yobunzulu bentlawulo kunye nokukhutshwa kumjikelo, i-voltage yokunqunyulwa kwentlawulo nayo inefuthe: umda ophantsi kakhulu okanye ophezulu kakhulu we-voltage yentlawulo uya kwandisa i-impedance ye-interface ye-electrode, kunye ne-electrode. ifilimu yokupasa ayinakwenziwa kakuhle phantsi komda wombane osezantsi kakhulu, kwaye Uphezulu kakhulu umlinganiselo ongaphezulu wombane uya kubangela ukuba i-electrolyte idize kwaye ibole kumphezulu we-electrode ye-LiFePO4 ukwenza iimveliso ezinombane ophantsi.

omnye

Iibhetri ze-lithium ezifakwe kwisithuthi ngokuqinisekileyo ziya kuba neemeko ezimbi zendlela kwizicelo eziphathekayo, kodwa izifundo zifumene ukuba indawo yokungcangcazela kwebhetri ye-lithium phantse ayinayo impembelelo ekuchaseni kwangaphakathi kwebhetri ye-lithium ngexesha lenkqubo yesicelo.

imbonakalo

Ukuchasana kwangaphakathi yiparameter ebalulekileyo yokulinganisa ukusebenza kwamandla e-lithium-ion kunye nokuvavanya ubomi bebhetri. Ubukhulu bokuchasana kwangaphakathi, kubi kakhulu ukusebenza kwebhetri, kwaye ngokukhawuleza kwandisa ngexesha lokugcinwa kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe. Ukuchasana kwangaphakathi kuhambelana nesakhiwo sebhetri, iimpawu zezinto zebhetri kunye nenkqubo yokuvelisa, kunye nokutshintsha kunye nokutshintsha kweqondo lokushisa kunye nemo yentlawulo. Ke ngoko, uphuhliso lweebhetri ezisezantsi zokuxhathisa kwangaphakathi sisitshixo sokuphucula ukusebenza kwamandla ebhetri, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, ukulawula imithetho eguqukayo yokumelana nebhetri kwangaphakathi kunokubaluleka okubonakalayo kokuqikelelwa kobomi bebhetri.