Tataiso ea ntlafatso ea likoloi tsa motlakase

Lipalangoang hajoale li ikarabella bakeng sa 29% ea likhase tse futhumatsang lefatše tsa US (EIA, 2009). Joalo ka tloaelo, lipakeng tsa 2000 le 2020, tlhahiso ea bakhanni ba Amerika e lebelletsoe ho eketseha ka 55% (Friedman, 2003). Ho phaella moo, ka lebaka la ho fokotseha ka potlako ha mehloli ea oli, ho fetoha ha theko ea oli, le ho itšetleha ka linaha tse sa tsitsang tsa lipolotiki tse hlahisang oli, moruo oa matla a mafura a mafura hona joale o tobane le likotsi tse tebileng (Scorsati le Garche, 2010). Sena se bolela hore tsamaiso ha e sa itšetleha ka oli. Ka lebaka la litlamorao tsa ho futhumala ha lefatše, mebuso lefatšeng ka bophara e nka mehato ea ho fokotsa ho tsoa ha likhase tse futhumatsang lefatše lipalangoang (Bonilla le Merino, 2010). Tšebeliso e atileng ea likoloi tsa motlakase tse kang hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), pure electric vehicles (BEV), le plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) li ka fetola tšebetso ea ho tsamaisa thepa le ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea mafura haholo (Danieletal). Leha ho le joalo, e le hore ketane ea phepelo ea likoloi tsa motlakase e tsoele pele ho tsoela pele, lintlha tse ‘maloa tsa bohlokoa li hloka ho rarolloa. Ka nako e ts’oanang, bothata bo totobetseng ke polokeho le ho fumaneha ha lisebelisoa tse tala tsa betri. Hona joale, mabapi le ho tsoela pele ho fana ka lisebelisoa tse ling tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa tlhahiso ea betri, mathata a mang ha a e-so rarolloe. Mefuta e mengata ea libeteri, joalo ka libeteri tsa lead-acid le libeteri tsa nickel-metal hydride, li na le bokhoni bo boholo likoloing tsa motlakase.

libeteri le libeteri tsa lithium (BLISISHwitz, 2010; Wangetal., 2010; Wadiaet., 2011). Likoloi tsa motlakase li boetse li na le mefuta e fapaneng ea mahlale a macha a betri, ho kenyeletsoa libeteri tsa moea tsa tšepe le libeteri tsa sodium (Wanger, 2011; empa mahlale ana a ntse a le mothating oa nts’etsopele mme ha a na tlholisano. Hajoale, libeteri tsa lithium le libeteri tsa nickel-hydrogen li ntse li le teng. e sebelisoang hangata likoloing tsa motlakase. Leha ho le joalo, ha ho bapisoa le mahlale a mang a betri, libeteri tsa lithium li na le melemo e mengata ea ts’ebetso, empa li ntse li le bongoaneng. Libetri tsa lithium li ka ‘na tsa sebelisoa molokong o latelang oa likoloi tsa motlakase, haholo-holo ka botumo bo ntseng bo eketseha ba likoloi tsa plug-in hybrid le likoloi tse hloekileng tsa motlakase (Gruber le Medina, 2011; Scrosati le Garche, 2011, USDOE, 2010). Ntle le moo, libeteri tsa lithium le tsona li nka karolo e kholo ea ‘maraka oa likoloi tse nyalisitsoeng (UDOE, 2011). Ka lebaka la bokhoni ba libeteri tsa lithium e le mohloli o tsoelang pele oa matla, sehlooho sena se lebisa tlhokomelo ho lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa tsa tlhahiso ea betri ea lithium. Ha u rera phepelo ea phepelo, ho bohlokoa ho rarolla mathata a ho hana tlhokahalo le liphetoho maemong a ‘maraka ka nako (Butler et al., 2010). Ha re nahana ka bohlokoa ba lithium ho likoloi tsa motlakase nakong e tlang, ho se tsitse le ho se tšepahale ha phepelo hona joale ho beha matla a lefats’e le maano a ts’ireletso ea tikoloho kotsing. Phuputso ena e hlahloba lintlha tse ‘maloa tsa bohlokoa ho ketane ea phepelo ea lithium ho tseba likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa kotsi. Sengoliloeng sena se sebelisa mokhoa oa tlhahlobo ea lingoliloeng ho buisana ka kakaretso ea ketane ea phepelo ea lithium. Ka ho hlahloba bopaki bo hlahang libukeng, morero oa tlhahlobo ena ke ho fana ka pono e pharaletseng ea sehlooho, ho fumana sebaka se pakeng tsa boemo ba hona joale ba kelello, le ho fumana tataiso ea lipatlisiso tsa nakong e tlang.