Isiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa kwemoto kagesi

Ezokuthutha njengamanje zibalelwa ku-29% wesisi esingcolisa umoya sase-US (EIA, 2009). Njengenjwayelo, phakathi kuka-2000 no-2020, ukukhishwa kwabashayeli baseMelika kulindeleke ukuthi kwenyuke ngo-55% (Friedman, 2003). Ukwengeza, ngenxa yokuncipha ngokushesha kwemithombo kawoyela, ukuguquguquka kwentengo kawoyela, kanye nokuncika emazweni akhiqiza uwoyela angazinzile ngokwepolitiki, umnotho wamandla asuselwa kuphethiloli manje usubhekene nezingozi ezinkulu (Scorsati and Garche, 2010). Lokhu kusho ukuthi uhlelo alusancikile emafutheni. Ngenxa yemiphumela yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke, ohulumeni emhlabeni wonke bathatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa kwezokuthutha (Bonilla and Merino, 2010). Ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwezimoto zikagesi ezifana ne-hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), pure electric vehicles (BEV), kanye ne-plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) kungase kuguqule inqubo yokulethwa futhi kunciphise kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli (Danieletal). Kodwa-ke, ukuze uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwezimoto zikagesi luqhubeke nokuthuthukiswa, izinkinga ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zidinga ukuxazululwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inkinga esobala ukuphepha nokutholakala kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kwebhethri. Manje, mayelana nokuqhubeka kokuhlinzekwa kwezinye izinto ezibalulekile zokwenziwa kwebhethri, ezinye izinkinga azikakaxazululwa. Izinhlobo ezimbalwa zamabhethri, njengamabhethri e-lead-acid namabhethri e-nickel-metal hydride, anamandla amakhulu ezimotweni zikagesi.

amabhethri namabhethri e-lithium (BLISISHwitz, 2010; Wangetal., 2010; Wadiaet., 2011). Izimoto zikagesi nazo zinobuchwepheshe obuhlukile obusebenzayo bebhethri, okuhlanganisa amabhethri omoya ensimbi namabhethri e-sodium (Wanger, 2011; kodwa lobu buchwepheshe busesigabeni sokuthuthuka futhi abuncintisani. Okwamanje, amabhethri e-lithium namabhethri e-nickel-hydrogen akhona. ngokuvamile asetshenziswa ezimotweni zikagesi Amabhethri e-Ni-MH awumthombo wamandla ongenzi lutho obalulekile wezimoto zikagesi ezixubile (HEV), 2011). Kodwa-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa nobunye ubuchwepheshe bebhethri, amabhethri e-lithium anezinzuzo ezibalulekile zokusebenza, kodwa asesewusana. Amabhethri e-lithium cishe azosetshenziswa esizukulwaneni esilandelayo sezimoto zikagesi, ikakhulukazi ngokuthandwa okwandayo kwezimoto ezihlanganisiwe ze-plug-in nezimoto ezihlanzekile zikagesi (Gruber and Medina, 2011; Scrosati and Garche, 2010, USDOE, 2011). Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhethri e-lithium nawo athatha ingxenye enkulu yemakethe yezimoto ezihlanganisiwe (UDOE, 2010). Ngokubheka amandla amabhethri e-lithium njengomthombo wamandla oqhubekayo, lesi sihloko sigxile ezintweni ezibalulekile zokukhiqiza ibhethri ye-lithium. Lapho uhlela uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka, kubalulekile ukuxazulula izinkinga zokuphika isidingo kanye nezinguquko ezimweni zemakethe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi (Butler et al., 2006). Uma kucatshangelwa ukubaluleka kwe-lithium ezimotweni zikagesi esikhathini esizayo, ukungazinzi nokungathenjelwa kokuhlinzekwa manje kubeka engcupheni amandla omhlaba kanye nezinqubomgomo zokusimama kwemvelo. Lolu cwaningo luhlola izindaba ezibalulekile ezimbalwa kuchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwe-lithium ukuhlonza izigaba ezibalulekile zobungozi. Lesi sihloko sisebenzisa indlela yokubuyekezwa kwezincwadi ukuxoxa ngokubukezwa kwe-lithium supply chain. Ngokuhlola ubufakazi ezincwadini, inhloso yalokhu kuhlaziya iwukunikeza umbono obanzi wesihloko, ukunquma ibanga phakathi kwesimo samanje somqondo ovamile, nokunquma isiqondiso socwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo.