Tare da saurin bunƙasa sabbin masana’antar motocin makamashi, ƙasata ta zama ƙasa mai kan iyaka wajen samarwa da sayar da sabbin motocin makamashi. Haɓaka da siyar da batura masu ƙarfi suna ƙaruwa kowace shekara. Farfadowar batirin wuta yana nan kusa kuma al’umma na mai da hankali sosai.

Sabbin motocin makamashi suna da rayuwar sabis. Idan batirin wutar lantarkin da aka yi amfani da shi ya kasance ba daidai ba bayan an cire shi, hakan zai haifar da illa ga muhalli da hadari ga al’umma a daya bangaren, da kuma almubazzaranci da dukiya a daya bangaren. Don haka, sake yin amfani da batirin wutar lantarki ga sabbin motocin makamashi yana da matukar muhimmanci.

Maimaita batirin lithium mai ƙarfi yana nufin sake amfani da batir ɗin da aka goge, sake yin amfani da nickel, cobalt, manganese, jan karfe, aluminum, lithium da sauran abubuwan da ke cikin baturi ta hanyar fasahar sarrafawa, sannan sake sarrafa waɗannan kayan zuwa fakitin baturi na lithium. da kuma amfani da shi sababbin motocin makamashi.

A cikin matakin farko na masana’antu, manufofin tallafawa ci gaba

A matsayin filin da ke tasowa, sake yin amfani da baturin wutar lantarki har yanzu yana kan ƙuruciya. Domin karfafa aikin sake amfani da batura masu amfani da wutar lantarki don sabbin motocin makamashi, daidaita ci gaban masana’antu, da inganta yadda ake amfani da albarkatun kasa baki daya, jihar ta fitar da manufofi da matakai da dama.

A cikin Janairu 2018, Ma’aikatar Masana’antu da Fasahar Watsa Labarai, Ofishin Makamashi, Ma’aikatar Kare Muhalli da sauran sassan tare sun ba da “Ma’auni na wucin gadi don Gudanar da sake yin amfani da su da kuma amfani da batirin wutar lantarki don sababbin motocin makamashi.”

Shawarar “Ma’aunai na wucin gadi don Gudanar da sake yin amfani da su da kuma amfani da batirin wutar lantarki don sababbin motocin makamashi” yana ba da garanti mai mahimmanci ga ingantaccen ci gaba na sake amfani da amfani da batir mai wuta don sababbin motocin makamashi. Domin ingantacciyar haɓaka aiwatar da “Ma’auni na Gudanarwa”, sassan da suka dace na gaba sun ba da “Dokokin wucin gadi kan Gudanar da sake yin amfani da su da kuma gano batir ɗin wuta don Sabbin Motocin Makamashi.”

Hanyoyin sake yin amfani da su daban-daban na iya biyan buƙatu daban-daban

Baturin wuta shine nau’in samfur da aka fi amfani dashi. Batura lithium suna amfani da ƙarfe oxide ɗin da aka ɗora tare da ions lithium azaman lantarki don canja wurin ion lithium don kammala caji da fitarwa. Batura lithium gabaɗaya sun ƙunshi ingantattun lantarki, gurɓataccen lantarki, mai rarrabawa, da kuma electrolyte.

Akwai fasahohin sake yin amfani da su daban-daban don batura masu ƙarfi, waɗanda suka dace da lokuta daban-daban.

(1) Pyrometallurgy

Batirin lithium na sharar yana gasasshen zafi mai zafi, kuma ana samun foda mai kyau mai ɗauke da ƙarfe da ƙarfe oxide ta hanyar murkushe injina mai sauƙi.

Halayen tsari: Tsarin yana da sauƙi mai sauƙi kuma ya dace da aiki mai girma; amma konewar batirin electrolyte da sauran abubuwan da ke tattare da shi na iya haifar da gurbacewar iska cikin sauki. Ana nuna tsarin pyrometallurgical a cikin adadi.

(2) Haɗin tsarin sake yin amfani da su

Ta hanyar inganta amfani da haɗin gwiwar hanyoyin sake yin amfani da su, za a iya amfani da fa’idodin kowane tsari na yau da kullun kuma ana iya haɓaka fa’idodin tattalin arziƙin sake amfani da su.

(3) Hydrometallurgy

Bayan batir ɗin sharar sun karye, za a narkar da su tare da narkar da sinadarai masu dacewa don raba abubuwan ƙarfe a cikin leach ɗin. Halayen tsari: kyakkyawan tsarin kwanciyar hankali, dace da dawo da ƙananan batir lithium sharar gida da matsakaici; amma farashin yana da yawa, kuma ruwan sharar gida yana buƙatar ƙarin magani.

(4) Rushewar jiki

Bayan murkushe, sieving, Magnetic rabuwa, nika mai kyau, da kuma rarraba fakitin baturi, ana samun kayan da ke da babban abun ciki, sannan kuma ana aiwatar da mataki na gaba na sake yin amfani da su. Halayen tsari: Tsarin yana da alaƙa da muhalli kuma ba zai haifar da gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu ba; amma ingancin sarrafawa yana da ƙasa kuma yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo.

Haɓaka buƙatun kasuwa don sabbin motocin makamashi

Haɓaka da aikace-aikacen sabbin motocin makamashi ya zama abin da ya fi dacewa a duniya. A cikin ‘yan shekarun nan, kasar Sin ta kara inganta da kuma yada amfani da motocin lantarki. Tare da haɓakar haɓakar sabuwar kasuwar motocin makamashi, buƙatar batir lithium ma ya biyo baya.

Bisa kididdigar da aka yi, sabuwar kasuwar motocin makamashi ta kasata ta bunkasa cikin sauri a cikin ‘yan shekarun nan. Daga cikin su, tallace-tallace ya karu daga 18,000 a 2013 zuwa 777,000 a cikin 2017, karuwar shekara-shekara na 4216.7%. Har zuwa wannan shekara, duk da tasirin gyare-gyaren tallafin, tallace-tallace na sababbin motocin makamashi ya ci gaba da girma cikin sauri. Daga watan Janairu zuwa Agusta, yawan tallace-tallacen sabbin motocin makamashi ya kai 601,000, karuwar shekara-shekara da kashi 88%. A shekarar 2018, ana sa ran kasar Sin za ta sayar da sabbin motocin makamashi miliyan 1.5.

Bugu da kari, bisa bayanan da ma’aikatar tsaron jama’a ta fitar, ya zuwa karshen watan Yuni, yawan motoci a kasar Sin ya kai miliyan 319, adadin motocin ya kai miliyan 229. Ya zuwa karshen rabin farkon wannan shekarar, adadin sabbin motocin da ke amfani da makamashi a kasar ya kai miliyan 1.99, wanda ya kai kusan kashi 0.9% na adadin motocin, kuma akwai damammakin ci gaba.

Tasirin haɓaka sabbin motocin makamashi yana da ban mamaki, kuma samar da buƙatar batir lithium mai ƙarfi yana da ƙarfi. Sabbin bayanai sun nuna cewa a cikin watan Yulin 2018, ikon shigar da batirin lithium a cikin kasuwar sabbin motocin makamashi na cikin gida ya kai 3.4GWh, karuwar kashi 16% na wata-wata da karuwar shekara-shekara na 30%; Adadin da aka girka daga Janairu zuwa Yuli ya kasance 18.9GWh, karuwar shekara-shekara na 126%.

Tare da karuwar sabbin motocin makamashi a nan gaba, samar da batir lithium masu amfani da wutar lantarki zai ci gaba da hauhawa, kuma ci gaban zai ragu. An yi kiyasin cewa nan da shekarar 2020, karfin shigar batir lithium na kasar Sin zai wuce 140GWh. Yayin da batirin lithium masu amfani da wutar lantarki ke shiga kasuwa, za a zubar da adadi mai yawa na batir da suka yi ritaya bayan sun kai ƙarshen rayuwarsu. Haɓaka saurin bunƙasa sabuwar kasuwar motocin makamashi da haɓakar batir lithium mai ƙarfi sun kawo buƙatu mai yawa ga masana’antar sake sarrafa batirin lithium.

Kasuwancin sake amfani da batirin lithium mai ƙarfi yana da fa’ida mai fa’ida kuma sikelin kasuwa yana da girma

A cikin ‘yan shekarun nan, samarwa da siyar da batura masu amfani da wutar lantarki sun karu kowace shekara, kuma adadi mai yawa na batura suna fuskantar juzu’i. An kiyasta cewa daga cikakken lissafin lokacin garanti na kamfanin, tsawon rayuwar baturi, da yanayin amfani da abin hawa, sabon batirin wutar lantarkin abin hawa zai shiga babban ritaya bayan 2018, kuma ana sa ran zai wuce ton 200,000 (24.6GWh) ) zuwa 2020. Bugu da kari, idan 70% za a iya amfani da echelon amfani, game da 60,000 ton na batura za a soke.

Haɓakawa cikin sauri na adadin ritayar batir ya kawo babbar kasuwa ga masana’antar sake sarrafa batirin lithium.

Matsakaicin kasuwar sake yin amfani da ita ta hanyar dawo da cobalt, nickel, manganese, lithium, iron, aluminum, da dai sauransu daga batir lithium masu karfin wutar lantarki zai zarce yuan biliyan 5.3 a shekarar 2018, yuan biliyan 10 a shekarar 2020, da yuan biliyan 25 a shekarar 2023.

Nau’o’in baturan lithium masu ƙarfi suna da nau’ikan ƙarfe daban-daban, daidai da adadi daban-daban da farashin karafa da za’a iya sake sarrafa su. An ƙiyasta cewa a cikin 2018, a cikin sabbin batir lithium masu ƙarfi da aka jefar, yawan amfani da nickel da za a iya sake yin amfani da shi ya kai tan 18,000. Bayan lissafi, daidai gwargwado farashin sake amfani da nickel ya kai yuan biliyan 1.4. Idan aka kwatanta da nickel, adadin dawo da lithium ya yi kadan, amma farashin dawo da shi ya zarce na nickel, ya kai yuan biliyan 2.6. Ƙara yawan ƙarfin ƙarfin batirin lithium zuwa fiye da 400Wh/kg zai ƙara haɓaka nisan motocin lantarki. Ɗaukar BAIC EV200 a matsayin misali, baturin 400Wh/kg yana daidai da ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfi sama da 800Wh/L. Yayin da ake kiyaye ƙarfin fakitin baturi da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na kilomita 100 a kowace ton bai canza ba, caji ɗaya ba zai iya wuce kilomita 620 kawai ba; Hakanan zai iya rage farashi, tsawaita rayuwar sabis, da magance matsalar manyan bambance-bambancen aiki tsakanin motocin lantarki da motocin mai. Kwanaki kadan da suka gabata, Li Hong ya bayyana haka a wata hira da yayi da wani dan jarida daga Daily Science and Technology.

Kamar yadda na kasa sabon makamashi abin hawa ikon lithium baturi bincike da ci gaba shi ne muhimmiyar mahada a cikin dukan shimfidar wuri, aikin na aikin shi ne don bunkasa yawan makamashi na baturi a cikin wani masana’antu sarkar fiye da 400 wh/kg, da kuma tara tara. fahimtar mahimman batutuwan kimiyya na asali da fasaha masu mahimmanci , Kuma ya ba da mahimmancin tunani da jagora don haɓakar kamfanin na lokaci guda na batir 300 wh / kg.

A cikin wannan aikin, batirin lithium na zamani sabbin kayan aiki da sabon tsarin ƙungiyar R&D suna ɗaukar aikin ƙalubalantar matsanancin ƙarfin baturi.