Nekukurumidza kusimudzira kweindasitiri yemotokari yemagetsi, nyika yangu yave nyika yemuganhu mukugadzira nekutengesa mota nyowani dzesimba. Kugadzirwa uye kutengesa mabhatiri emagetsi ari kuwedzera gore negore. Kudzoreredzwa kwemabhatiri emagetsi kwava pedyo uye nzanga iri kuteerera zvikuru.

Motokari itsva dzemagetsi dzine hupenyu hwebasa. Kana bhatiri remagetsi remotokari yemagetsi rikaraswa zvisina kunaka mushure mekuraswa, zvinounza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza uye njodzi dzekuchengetedza munharaunda kune rumwe rutivi, uye kutambisa zviwanikwa kune rumwe rutivi. Naizvozvo, kudzokororwa kwemabhatiri emagetsi emotokari itsva dzesimba kwakakosha zvikuru.

Simba lithium bhatiri recycling inoreva kudzokorodza kwepakati kwemabhatiri emagetsi akaraswa, kudzokorodza nickel, cobalt, manganese, mhangura, aluminium, lithium nezvimwe zvinhu mubhatiri kuburikidza nehunyanzvi hwekuita, uyezve kudzokorodza zvinhu izvi kudzokera kune simba lithium bhatiri pack. uye kuishandisa itsva simba motokari.

Muchikamu chekutanga cheindasitiri, mutemo unotsigira kusimudzira

Sendima iri kusimukira, kudzokorodza kwebhatiri remagetsi kuchiri kutanga. Kusimbaradza manejimendi ekudzokorodza uye kushandiswa kwemabhatiri emagetsi kumotokari dzemagetsi matsva, kusimudzira kusimukira kweindasitiri, uye kusimudzira mashandisirwo akazara ezviwanikwa, nyika yakaburitsa akati wandei marongero nematanho.

Muna Ndira 2018, Bazi reIndasitiri neRuzivo rweTekinoroji, Bureau of Energy, Ministry of Environmental Protection nemamwe madhipatimendi vakabatana vakapa “Matanho ePakati eKutarisira Kudzokorodza uye Kushandiswa kweMabhatiri eMagetsi eMotokari Nyowani.”

Kushambadzwa kwe “Interm Measures for the Management of the Recycling and Utilization of Power Batteries for New Energy Vehicles” inopa vimbiso yakakosha yekuvandudzwa kwehutano hwekugadzirisa uye kushandiswa kwemabhatiri emagetsi emotokari itsva dzemagetsi. Kuti tisimudzire zvirinani kuitwa kwe “Administrative Measures”, akatevera madhipatimendi akakodzera akapa “Interim Regulations paManejirwo eKudzokorodza uye Kurongeka kweMabhatiri eMagetsi eMotokari Nyowani.”

Maitiro ekudzokorodza akasiyana anogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana

Power bhatiri ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa chigadzirwa mhando. Lithium mabhatiri anoshandisa simbi oxide doped ne lithium ions semagetsi kuendesa lithium ions kupedzisa kuchaja uye kuburitsa. Mabhatiri eLithium anowanzo kuumbwa neelectrode yakanaka, negative electrode, separator, uye electrolyte.

Kune akasiyana matekinoroji ekudzokororazve emabhatiri emagetsi, ayo akakodzera nguva dzakasiyana.

(1) Pyrometallurgy

Iyo tsvina lithium bhatiri yakagochwa pakupisa kwepamusoro, uye hupfu hwakatsetseka hune simbi uye simbi oxide inowanikwa kuburikidza nyore mechanical kupwanya.

Maitiro maitiro: Maitiro acho ari nyore uye akakodzera hukuru-hukuru kugadzirisa; asi kupisa kwebhatiri electrolyte uye zvimwe zvikamu zvinogona kukonzera kusvibiswa kwemhepo nyore. Iyo pyrometallurgical process inoratidzwa mumufananidzo.

(2) Yakasanganiswa nzira yekudzokorodza

Nekugadzirisa mashandisirwo emaitiro akasanganiswa ekudzokorodzazve, zvakanakira zvega zvega zvekutanga zvinogona kushandiswa zvizere uye mabhenefiti ehupfumi ekudzokorodza anogona kukwidziridzwa.

(3) Hydrometallurgy

Mushure mokunge mabhatiri emarara aputsika, anosarudzwa kunyungudutswa nemakemikari akakodzera reagents kuti aparadzanise zvinhu zvesimbi mu leachate. Maitiro maitiro: yakanaka maitiro kugadzikana, akakodzera kudzoreredza madiki uye epakati-saizi tsvina lithium mabhatiri; asi mutengo wakakwira, uye mvura yetsvina inoda kumwe kurapwa.

(4) Kuparara kwemuviri

Mushure mekupwanya, sieving, kupatsanurwa kwemagineti, kugaya zvakanaka, uye kupatsanurwa kwebhatiri paki, zvinhu zvakakwirira-zvinowanikwa zvinowanikwa, uyezve danho rinotevera rekudzokorodza rinoitwa. Maitiro maitiro: Maitiro acho anonyanya kushamwaridzana kwezvakatipoteredza uye haazobudisi kusvibiswa kwechipiri; asi kushanda kwekugadzirisa kwakaderera uye kunotora nguva yakareba.

Kurudzira kudiwa kwemusika kwemotokari nyowani dzemagetsi

Kusimudzirwa nekushandiswa kwemotokari dzemagetsi matsva kwave kutenderera pasirese. Mumakore achangopfuura, China yakakurudzirawo nekusimudzira kushandiswa kwemotokari dzemagetsi. Nekukurumidza kusimuka kwemusika mutsva wemotokari yemagetsi, kudiwa kwemagetsi lithium mabhatiri kwakateverawo.

Zvinoenderana nenhamba, musika mutsva wemotokari yenyika yangu wakakura nekukurumidza mumakore achangopfuura. Pakati pavo, kutengesa kwakawedzera kubva ku18,000 mu2013 kusvika ku777,000 mu2017, gore negore kuwedzera kwe4216.7%. Kusvikira gore rino, pasinei nekukanganiswa kwekugadzirisa rubatsiro, kutengesa kwemotokari itsva dzemagetsi zvakachengetedza kukura nokukurumidza. Kubva munaNdira kusvika Nyamavhuvhu, kuwanda kwekutengesa kwemotokari dzemagetsi matsva kwakasvika 601,000, kuwedzera kwegore-pagore kwe88%. Pakazosvika 2018, China inotarisirwa kutengesa 1.5 miriyoni magetsi matsva emotokari.

Uye zvakare, maererano nedatha kubva kuBazi rePublic Security, kubva pakupera kwaJune, nhamba yemotokari muChina yaive 319 miriyoni, iyo nhamba yemotokari yaive 229 miriyoni. Kubva pakupera kwehafu yekutanga yegore rino, nhamba yemotokari itsva yemagetsi munyika yakasvika mamiriyoni 1.99, inongotora chete 0.9% yehuwandu hwemotokari, uye kune nzvimbo yakawanda yekukura.

Iko kukwidziridzwa kwemagetsi emagetsi matsva kunoshamisa, uye kudiwa kwekugadzira kwemagetsi lithium mabhatiri kwakasimba. Iyo yazvino data inoratidza kuti muna Chikunguru 2018, iyo yakaiswa simba reti lithium mabhatiri mumusika mutsva wemotokari yemagetsi yaive 3.4GWh, kuwedzera kwe16% mwedzi-pa-mwedzi uye gore-pagore kuwedzera kwe30%; iyo yakawedzera yakaiswa simba kubva munaNdira kusvika Chikunguru yaive 18.9GWh, gore-pa-gore kuwedzera kwe126%.

Nekuwedzera kukurumbira kwemotokari nyowani dzesimba mune ramangwana, kubuda kwesimba mabhatiri e-lithium kucharamba kuchikwira, uye chiyero chekukura chinodzikira. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti panosvika 2020, iyo yakaiswa simba reChina mabhatiri eLithium ichapfuura 140GWh. Sezvo simba lithium mabhatiri achipinda mumusika, nhamba huru yemabhatiri akasiya basa anozoraswa mushure mekusvika kumagumo ehupenyu hwavo hwesevhisi. Iko kukurumidza kusimukira kwemusika mutsva wemotokari yemagetsi uye kusimuka kwemagetsi e-lithium mabhatiri kwakaunza kudiwa kukuru kune simba relithium bhatiri recycling indasitiri.

Iyo simba lithium bhatiri recycling musika ine yakakura tarisiro uye chiyero chemusika chakakura

Mumakore achangopfuura, kugadzirwa uye kutengesa mabhatiri emagetsi kwakawedzera gore negore, uye nhamba huru yemabhatiri inotarisana nemarara uye zvimedu. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kubva pakuverenga kwakazara kwewaranti yenguva yekambani, hupenyu hwebhatiri, uye mamiriro ekushandiswa kwemotokari, bhatiri remagetsi emagetsi emagetsi richapinda mukurenda kwakakura mushure megore ra2018, uye inotarisirwa kudarika mazana maviri emazana ematani (200,000GWh) ) ne 24.6. Mukuwedzera, kana 2020% inogona kushandiswa kushandiswa kwe echelon, inenge 70 matani emabhatiri acharaswa.

Kukurumidza kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwesimba rebhatiri retirement kwaunza musika wakakura weiyo simba lithium bhatiri recycling indasitiri.

Huyero hwemusika wekudzokorodza wakaumbwa nekudzoreredza cobalt, nickel, manganese, lithium, iron, aluminium, nezvimwewo kubva mumarara emagetsi lithium mabhatiri achapfuura 5.3 bhiriyoni yuan muna 2018, bhiriyoni gumi yuan muna 10, uye 2020 bhiriyoni yuan muna 25.

Mhando dzakasiyana dzemagetsi e-lithium mabhatiri ane akasiyana simbi mukati, anoenderana nehuwandu hwakasiyana uye mitengo yesimbi inodzokororwa. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti muna 2018, mune ichangobva kuraswa simba lithium mabhatiri, recyclable nickel kushandiswa kwakakwira kusvika 18,000 matani. Mushure mekuverenga, mutengo unoenderana wekudzokorodza nickel wakasvika 1.4 bhiriyoni yuan. Kuenzaniswa ne nickel, chiyero chekudzoreredza chelithium idiki, asi mutengo wekudzoreredza wakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura wenickel, unosvika 2.6 bhiriyoni yuan. Kuwedzera simba remagetsi emabhatiri e lithium kusvika kupfuura 400Wh/kg kuchawedzera zvakanyanya mileage yemotokari dzemagetsi. Tichitora BAIC EV200 semuenzaniso, 400Wh/kg bhatiri yakaenzana nevolumetric energy density pamusoro pe800Wh/L. Nepo uchichengeta iripo bhatiri paki simba uye simba rekushandisa kwe100 makiromita patani isina kuchinjika, kubhadharisa kamwe chete hakugone kungopedza makiromita mazana matanhatu nemakumi maviri; inogonawo kuderedza mari, kuwedzera hupenyu hwebasa, uye kugadzirisa dambudziko rekusiyana kukuru kwekuita pakati pemotokari dzemagetsi nemotokari dzemafuta. Mazuva mashoma apfuura, Li Hong akadaro mubvunzurudzo nemutori wenhau kubva kuSainzi neTekinoroji Daily.

Sezvo iyo yenyika itsva simba remotokari simba remagetsi lithium bhatiri tsvakiridzo uye kusimudzira chinhu chakakosha chinongedzo muhurongwa hwese, basa repurojekiti nderekuvandudza simba rebhatiri muketani yemaindasitiri inopfuura 400 wh/kg, uye iyo yakaunganidzwa. manzwisisiro enyaya dzakakosha dzesainzi uye matekinoroji akakosha , Uye yakapa ratidziro yakakosha uye gwara rekusimudzira kwekambani panguva imwe cheteyo yemabhatiri e300 wh/kg.

Muchirongwa ichi, yehupenyu hurefu-refu lithium bhatiri zvinhu zvitsva uye itsva system R&D timu inoita basa rekupikisa kusimba kwesimba rakanyanyisa rebhatiri.